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  1. Melanoma of the anal region is a very uncommon disease, accounting for only 0.2-0.3% of all melanoma cases. Mutations of the BRAF gene are usually absent in melanomas occurring in this region as well as in other ...

    Authors: Conrado Martinez-Cadenas, Nuria Bosch, Lucas Peñas, Esther Flores-Couce, Enrique Ochoa, Javier Munárriz, Juan P Aracil, Marcos Tajahuerce, Ramón Royo, Rafael Lozoya and Enrique Boldó
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:343
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  3. An increasing number of neo-adjuvant breast cancer studies are being conducted and a novel model for tumor biological studies, the "window-of-opportunity" model, has revealed several advantages. Change in tumo...

    Authors: Quinci Romero, Pär-Ola Bendahl, Marie Klintman, Niklas Loman, Christian Ingvar, Lisa Rydén, Carsten Rose, Dorthe Grabau and Signe Borgquist
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:341
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. CD44s is a cell adhesion molecule known to mediate cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix, a prerequisite for tumor cell migration. CD44s plays an important role in invasion and metastasis of various ca...

    Authors: Yoon Ho Ko, Hye Sung Won, Eun Kyoung Jeon, Sook Hee Hong, Sang Young Roh, Young Seon Hong, Jae Ho Byun, Chan-Kwon Jung and Jin Hyoung Kang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:340
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in developed countries. Familial aggregation in CRC is also important outside syndromic forms and, in this case, a polygenic model with sever...

    Authors: Anna Abulí, Ceres Fernández-Rozadilla, Virginia Alonso-Espinaco, Jenifer Muñoz, Victoria Gonzalo, Xavier Bessa, Dolors González, Joan Clofent, Joaquin Cubiella, Juan D Morillas, Joaquim Rigau, Mercedes Latorre, Fernando Fernández-Bañares, Elena Peña, Sabino Riestra, Artemio Payá…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:339
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a master regulator of the transcriptional response to hypoxia. It is essential for angiogenesis and is associated with tumor progression and overexpression of HIF-1α has b...

    Authors: Sonal M Manohar, Amol A Padgaonkar, Archana Jalota-Badhwar, Vinay Sonawane, Maggie J Rathos, Sanjay Kumar and Kalpana S Joshi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:338
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The therapeutic success of chemotherapeutic agents is often limited by severe adverse effects. To reduce toxicity of these drugs, nanoscale particle-based drug delivery systems (DDS) are used. DDS accumulate t...

    Authors: Jürgen Eckes, Oliver Schmah, Jan W Siebers, Ursula Groh, Stefan Zschiedrich, Beate Rautenberg, Annette Hasenburg, Martin Jansen, Martin J Hug, Karl Winkler and Gerhard Pütz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:337
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The diagnostic value and prognostic significance of circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection in patients with bladder cancer is controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to consolidate current evidence regardi...

    Authors: Pavlos Msaouel and Michael Koutsilieris
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:336
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease accounting for approximately 1% of all breast carcinomas. Presently treatment recommendations are derived from the standards for female breast cancer. However, those ...

    Authors: Robert Foerster, Frank G Foerster, Volkhard Wulff, Birgit Schubotz, Dieter Baaske, Matthias Wolfgarten, Walther C Kuhn and Christian Rudlowski
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:335
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. A major problem with the use of current chemotherapy regimens for several cancers, including breast cancer, is development of intrinsic or acquired drug resistance, which results in disease recurrence and meta...

    Authors: Ju-Hee Kang, Ki-Hoon Song, Kyung-Chae Jeong, Sunshin Kim, Changsun Choi, Chang Hoon Lee and Seung Hyun Oh
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:334
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Nucleolin expressed at the cell surface is a binding protein for a variety of ligands implicated in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. By using a specific antagonist that binds the C-terminal RGG domain of nucleo...

    Authors: Bernard Krust, Diala El Khoury, Isabelle Nondier, Calaiselvy Soundaramourty and Ara G Hovanessian
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:333
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. High serum levels of estradiol are associated with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Little is known about the gene expression in normal breast tissue in relation to levels of circulating serum e...

    Authors: Vilde D Haakensen, Trine Bjøro, Torben Lüders, Margit Riis, Ida K Bukholm, Vessela N Kristensen, Melissa A Troester, Marit M Homen, Giske Ursin, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale and Åslaug Helland
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:332
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Radical surgery is the cornerstone in the treatment of resectable gastric cancer. The Intergroup 0116 and MAGIC trials have shown benefit of postoperative chemoradiation and perioperative chemotherapy, respect...

    Authors: Johan L Dikken, Johanna W van Sandick, HA Maurits Swellengrebel, Pehr A Lind, Hein Putter, Edwin PM Jansen, Henk Boot, Nicole CT van Grieken, Cornelis JH van de Velde, Marcel Verheij and Annemieke Cats
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:329
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  17. Several predisposition loci for hereditary prostate cancer (HPC) have been suggested, including HPCX1 at Xq27-q28, but due to the complex structure of the region, the susceptibility gene has not yet been identifi...

    Authors: Henna Mattila, Martin Schindler, Jarkko Isotalo, Tarja Ikonen, Mauno Vihinen, Hannu Oja, Teuvo LJ Tammela, Tiina Wahlfors and Johanna Schleutker
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:327
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Standard treatment for patients with disseminated germ cell tumors is combination chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP). This treatment is highly effective, but the majority of patients ex...

    Authors: Jesper F Christensen, Jesper L Andersen, Lis Adamsen, Birgitte Lindegaard, Abigail L Mackey, Rie H Nielsen, Mikael Rørth and Gedske Daugaard
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:326
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  20. Oral cancer incidence is high on the Island of Puerto Rico (PR), particularly among males. As part of a larger study conducted in PR, we evaluated smoking and drinking as risk factors for oral potentially mali...

    Authors: Lin Li, Walter J Psoter, Carmen J Buxó, Augusto Elias, Lumarie Cuadrado and Douglas E Morse
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:324
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. 5-allyl-7-gen-difluoromethoxychrysin (AFMC) is a novel synthetic analogue of chrysin that has been reported to inhibit proliferation in various cancer cell lines. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induci...

    Authors: Zhao-Hui Xie, Mei-Fang Quan, Fei Liu, Jian-Guo Cao and Jian-Song Zhang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:322
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Primary intestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous disease with regard to anatomic and histologic distribution. Thus, analyses focusing on primary intestinal NHL with large number of patients are...

    Authors: Seok Jin Kim, Chul Won Choi, Yeung-Chul Mun, Sung Yong Oh, Hye Jin Kang, Soon Il Lee, Jong Ho Won, Min Kyoung Kim, Jung Hye Kwon, Jin Seok Kim, Jae-Yong Kwak, Jung Mi Kwon, In Gyu Hwang, Hyo Jung Kim, Jae Hoon Lee, Sukjoong Oh…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:321
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. CD133 is known to be a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker. However, recent studies have revealed that CD133 is not restricted to CSC but to be expressed not only in human normal tissues but also in some cancers and...

    Authors: Linni Fan, Furong He, Hongxiang Liu, Jin Zhu, Yixiong Liu, Zhiyong Yin, Lu Wang, Ying Guo, Zhe Wang, Qingguo Yan and Gaosheng Huang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:320
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Currently, there are no standard guidelines for recommending re-administration of a chemotherapeutic drug to a patient after a serious adverse drug reaction (ADR) incident. The decision on whether to rechallen...

    Authors: Pei Yi Loke, Lita Chew and Chun Wei Yap
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:319
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. MANTICORE 101 - Breast (Multidisciplinary Approach to Novel Therapies in Cardiology Oncology Research) is a randomized trial to determine if conventional heart failure pharmacotherapy (angiotensin converting e...

    Authors: Edith Pituskin, Mark Haykowsky, John R Mackey, Richard B Thompson, Justin Ezekowitz, Sheri Koshman, Gavin Oudit, Kelvin Chow, Joseph J Pagano and Ian Paterson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:318
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  27. Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer in developed countries and diagnosis and treatment carries with it substantial morbidity and related unmet supportive care needs. These difficulties may be amplif...

    Authors: Suzanne K Chambers, Robert U Newton, Afaf Girgis, Lisa Nielsen, Stephen Lepore, Cathrine Mihalopoulos, RA Gardiner, Daniel A Galvão and Stefano Occhipinti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:317
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  28. Patients with cancer have an increased risk of VTE. We compared VTE rates and bleeding complications in 1) cancer patients receiving LMWH or UFH and 2) patients with or without cancer.

    Authors: Sylvia Haas, Sebastian M Schellong, Ulrich Tebbe, Horst-Eberhard Gerlach, Rupert Bauersachs, Nima Melzer, Claudia Abletshauser, Christian Sieder, Peter Bramlage and Hanno Riess
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:316
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Even in the presence of oxygen, malignant cells often highly depend on glycolysis for energy generation, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. One strategy targeting this metabolic phenotype is glucose res...

    Authors: Gabriele D Maurer, Daniel P Brucker, Oliver Bähr, Patrick N Harter, Elke Hattingen, Stefan Walenta, Wolfgang Mueller-Klieser, Joachim P Steinbach and Johannes Rieger
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:315
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Mammographic density (MD) and malignant-appearing microcalcifications (MAMCs) represent the earliest mammographic findings of non-palpable breast carcinomas. Matrix proteoglycans versican and decorin are frequ...

    Authors: Spyros S Skandalis, Vassiliki T Labropoulou, Panagiota Ravazoula, Eleni Likaki-Karatza, Katalin Dobra, Haralabos P Kalofonos, Nikos K Karamanos and Achilleas D Theocharis
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:314
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. This phase 1b study assessed the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and pharmacokinetics of motesanib (a small-molecule antagonist of VEGF receptors 1, 2, and 3; platelet-derived growth factor receptor; and...

    Authors: Dusan Kotasek, Niall Tebbutt, Jayesh Desai, Stephen Welch, Lillian L Siu, Sheryl McCoy, Yu-Nien Sun, Jessica Johnson, Adeboye H Adewoye and Timothy Price
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:313
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are transmembrane proteins involved in the transport of monocarboxylates across the plasma membrane, which appear to play an important role in solid tumours, however the rol...

    Authors: Nelma Pértega-Gomes, José R Vizcaíno, Vera Miranda-Gonçalves, Céline Pinheiro, Joana Silva, Helena Pereira, Pedro Monteiro, Rui M Henrique, Rui M Reis, Carlos Lopes and Fátima Baltazar
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:312
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Strategies for cancer reduction and management are targeted at both individual and area levels. Area-level strategies require careful understanding of geographic differences in cancer incidence, in particular ...

    Authors: Susanna M Cramb, Kerrie L Mengersen and Peter D Baade
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:311
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Open transthoracic oesophagectomy is the standard treatment for infracarinal resectable oesophageal carcinomas, although it is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates of 2 to 10% and 30 to 50%, resp...

    Authors: Nicolas Briez, Guillaume Piessen, Franck Bonnetain, Cécile Brigand, Nicolas Carrere, Denis Collet, Christophe Doddoli, Renaud Flamein, Jean-Yves Mabrut, Bernard Meunier, Simon Msika, Thierry Perniceni, Frédérique Peschaud, Michel Prudhomme, Jean-Pierre Triboulet and Christophe Mariette
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:310
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  35. E7080 is an orally active multi-targeted kinase inhibitor whose targets include vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and platelet derived growth factor...

    Authors: Hilary Glen, Susan Mason, Hitesh Patel, Kenneth Macleod and Valerie G Brunton
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:309
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecological cancer with a very poor prognosis. Xenograft mouse models have proven to be one very useful tool in testing candidate therapeutic agents and gene function in vivo. ...

    Authors: Ashley Stuckey, Andrew Fischer, Daniel H Miller, Sara Hillenmeyer, Kyu K Kim, Anna Ritz, Rakesh K Singh, Benjamin J Raphael, Laurent Brard and Alexander S Brodsky
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:308
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Polysaccharides extracted from the Phellinus linteus (PL) mushroom are known to possess anti-tumor effects. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-tumor properties of PL remain to be explored....

    Authors: Kyoung-Sub Song, Ge Li, Jong-Seok Kim, Kaipeng Jing, Tae-Dong Kim, Jin-Pyo Kim, Seung-Bo Seo, Jae-Kuk Yoo, Hae-Duck Park, Byung-Doo Hwang, Kyu Lim and Wan-Hee Yoon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:307
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) is an autosomal recessive form of intestinal polyposis predisposing to colorectal carcinoma. High resolution melting analysis (HRMA) is a mutation scanning method that allows det...

    Authors: Rossella Tricarico, Francesca Crucianelli, Antonio Alvau, Claudio Orlando, Roberta Sestini, Francesco Tonelli, Rosa Valanzano and Maurizio Genuardi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:305
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  40. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women in the United States. During the advanced stages of disease, many breast cancer patients suffer from bone metastasis. These metastases...

    Authors: Anguraj Sadanandam, Mitsuru Futakuchi, Costas A Lyssiotis, William J Gibb and Rakesh K Singh
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:304
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Leptin is a pleiotropic hormone whose mitogenic and angiogenic activity has been implicated in the development and progression of several malignancies, including brain tumors. In human brain cancer, especially...

    Authors: Rita Ferla, Maria Bonomi, Laszlo Otvos Jr and Eva Surmacz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:303
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) play an important role in carcinogenesis. Modified FABP expression patterns were described for prostate, bladder and for renal cell carcinoma. Studies on metabolic relationsh...

    Authors: Angelika Tölle, Saba Suhail, Monika Jung, Klaus Jung and Carsten Stephan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:302
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Multiple myeloma is an incurable disease requiring the development of effective therapies which can be used clinically. We have elucidated the potential for manipulating the cAMP signaling pathway as a target ...

    Authors: Virginie Follin-Arbelet, Peter O Hofgaard, Harald Hauglin, Soheil Naderi, Anders Sundan, Rune Blomhoff, Bjarne Bogen and Heidi K Blomhoff
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:301
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Emmprin, a glycoprotein containing two Ig domains, is enriched on tumor cell surfaces and stimulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production by adjacent stromal cells. Its first Ig domain (ECI) contains the ...

    Authors: Takehito Kawakami, Tetsuro Sameshima, Hironobu Hojo, Kaori Koga, Yoshiaki Nakahara, Bryan P Toole, Junji Suzumiya, Yasunori Okada, Akinori Iwasaki and Kazuki Nabeshima
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:300
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. A breast cancer prognostic tool should ideally be applicable to all types of invasive breast lesions. A number of studies have shown histopathological grade to be an independent prognostic factor in breast can...

    Authors: André Albergaria, Sara Ricardo, Fernanda Milanezi, Vítor Carneiro, Isabel Amendoeira, Daniella Vieira, Jorge Cameselle-Teijeiro and Fernando Schmitt
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:299
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Improving the coordination of cancer care is a priority area for service improvement. However, quality improvement initiatives are hindered by the lack of accurate and reliable measures of this aspect of cance...

    Authors: Jane M Young, Jennifer Walsh, Phyllis N Butow, Michael J Solomon and Joanne Shaw
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:298
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Since transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the upper urinary tract is a relatively uncommon malignancy, the role of adjuvant radiotherapy is unknown.

    Authors: Bing Chen, Zhao-Chong Zeng, Guo-Min Wang, Li Zhang, Zong-Ming Lin, Li-An Sun, Tong-Yu Zhu, Li-Li Wu, Jian-Ying Zhang and Yuan Ji
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:297
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Systemic therapy for cancer metastatic lesions is difficult and generally renders a poor clinical response. Structural analogs of cisplatin, the most widely used synthetic metal complexes, show toxic side-effe...

    Authors: Fabiana A Serrano, Alisson L Matsuo, Priscila T Monteforte, Alexandre Bechara, Soraya S Smaili, Débora P Santana, Tiago Rodrigues, Felipe V Pereira, Luis S Silva, Joel Machado Jr, Edson L Santos, João B Pesquero, Rafael M Martins, Luiz R Travassos, Antonio CF Caires and Elaine G Rodrigues
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:296
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Data on sequential therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and intrinsic resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (rTKI) treatment remains vague.

    Authors: Jonas Busch, Christoph Seidel, Steffen Weikert, Ingmar Wolff, Carsten Kempkensteffen, Lisa Weinkauf, Stefan Hinz, Ahmed Magheli, Kurt Miller and Viktor Grünwald
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:295
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. In ovarian cancer, the reported rate of EGFR expression varies between 4-70% depending on assessment method and data on patient outcome are conflicting. Methods: In this study we investigated EGFR expression a...

    Authors: Aurelia Noske, Michael Schwabe, Wilko Weichert, Silvia Darb-Esfahani, Ann-Christin Buckendahl, Jalid Sehouli, Elena I Braicu, Jan Budczies, Manfred Dietel and Carsten Denkert
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:294
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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