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  1. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the effective treating prostate cancer but is often accompanied by cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL), which impairs the patient’s quality of life. In patients wit...

    Authors: Daisuke Watanabe, Takahiro Kimura, Ken Watanabe, Hiromitsu Takano, Yuko Uehara, Tadaaki Minowa, Akemi Yamashita, Seiichiro Yoshikawa and Akio Mizushima

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:422

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  2. Cervical cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in women, particularly metastasis resulting in a poor prognosis. However, the clinical characteristics of cervical cancer patients with advanced liver m...

    Authors: Hang Liu, Xiangsen Ye, Di Li, Qian Yao and Yan Li

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:421

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  3. Previous studies reported cutaneous melanoma in head and neck (HNM) differed from those in other regions (body melanoma, BM). Individualized tools to predict the survival of patients with HNM or BM remain insu...

    Authors: Yuxin Ding, Runyi Jiang, Yuhong Chen, Jing Jing, Xiaoshuang Yang, Xianjie Wu, Xiaoyang Zhang, Jiali Xu, Piaopiao Xu, Shu Chen LiuHuang and Zhongfa Lu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:420

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  4. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the most important risk factor for the development of cervical cancer, but factors contributing to HR-HPV persistence are incompletely under...

    Authors: Ulrike Kuebler, Susanne Fischer, Laura Mernone, Christian Breymann, Elvira Abbruzzese and Ulrike Ehlert

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:419

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Advances in oncology led to a substantial increase in the number of patients requiring admission to the ICU. It is significant to confirm which cancer critical patients can benefit from the ICU care like nonca...

    Authors: Zhen-nan Yuan, Hai-jun Wang, Yong Gao, Shi-ning Qu, Chu-lin Huang, Hao Wang, Hao Zhang, Quan-hui Yang and Xue-zhong Xing

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:417

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  7. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Shi-Wen Zhang, Rong-Zhen Luo, Xiao-Ying Sun, Xia Yang, Hai-Xia Yang, Si-Ping Xiong and Li-Li Liu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:416

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Cancer 2021 21:332

  8. Long-term smoking exposure will increase the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), whereas the mechanism is still unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore whether serum metabolites...

    Authors: Mengke Wei, Lihong Zhao, Jiali Lv, Xia Li, Guangshuai Zhou, Bingbing Fan, Xiaotao Shen, Deli Zhao, Fuzhong Xue, Jialin Wang and Tao Zhang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:415

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  9. Colorectal cancer has increased in Middle Eastern countries and exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metals has been implicated. However, data linking them to this disease are generally lacking. ...

    Authors: Behzad Kiani, Fatemeh Hashemi Amin, Nasser Bagheri, Robert Bergquist, Ali Akbar Mohammadi, Mahmood Yousefi, Hossein Faraji, Gholamreza Roshandel, Somayeh Beirami, Hadi Rahimzadeh and Benyamin Hoseini

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:414

    Content type: Research article

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  11. The relationship between KRAS mutational status and timing of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) remains unclear. This study evaluated the relationship between KRAS mutational status and long-term survival in pat...

    Authors: Nozomu Sakai, Katsunori Furukawa, Tsukasa Takayashiki, Satoshi Kuboki, Shigetsugu Takano and Masayuki Ohtsuka

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:412

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Little data is available on prognostic biomarkers and effective treatment options for Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma (KIRP) patients, to find potential prognostic biomarkers and new targets was an urgen...

    Authors: Hongjun Fei, Songchang Chen and Chenming Xu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:411

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  13. The aim of this prospective study is to identify the biomarkers associated with the effects of induction chemotherapy (iCHT) in terms of the favorable/weaker response to the treatment in locally advanced head ...

    Authors: Łukasz Boguszewicz, Agata Bieleń, Jarosław Dawid Jarczewski, Mateusz Ciszek, Agnieszka Skorupa, Krzysztof Składowski and Maria Sokół

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:410

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  14. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A), the key regulator of fatty acid oxidation, contributes to tumor metastasis and therapeutic resistance. We aimed to identify its clinical significance as a biomarker ...

    Authors: Zheqiong Tan, Yaru Zou, Man Zhu, Zhenzhao Luo, Tangwei Wu, Chao Zheng, Aqing Xie, Hui Wang, Shiqiang Fang, Shuiyi Liu, Yong Li and Zhongxin Lu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:409

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  15. Nomograms are currently used in predicting individualized outcomes in clinical oncology of several cancers. However, nomograms for evaluating occult nodal metastasis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of...

    Authors: Pensiri Saenthaveesuk, Le Yang, Bin Zeng, Meng Xu, Simon Young, Guiqing Liao and Yujie Liang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:408

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  16. Pancreatic peritoneal carcinomatosis (PPC), with the worst median overall-survival (mOS), epitomizes the incurability of metastatic cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) underpin this incurability. However, inhibit...

    Authors: Christopher M. Gromisch, Glaiza L. A. Tan, Khristine Amber Pasion, Ann-Marie Moran, Matthew S. Gromisch, Mark W. Grinstaff, Francis J. Carr, Victoria L. M. Herrera and Nelson Ruiz-Opazo

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:407

    Content type: Research article

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  17. The majority of people with cancer have at least one other chronic health condition. With each additional chronic disease, the complexity of their care increases, as does the potential for negative outcomes in...

    Authors: Anna Péfoyo Koné and Deborah Scharf

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:406

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  18. Patients with polymetastatic cancer are most often treated with systemic therapy to improve overall survival and/or delay progression, with palliative radiotherapy reserved for sites of symptomatic disease. St...

    Authors: Glenn S. Bauman, Mark T. Corkum, Hatim Fakir, Timothy K. Nguyen and David A. Palma

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:405

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  19. Triazole, polyene, and echinocandin antifungal agents are extensively used to treat invasive fungal infections (IFIs); however, the optimal prophylaxis option is not clear. This study aimed to determine the op...

    Authors: Huilan Zeng, Zhuman Wu, Bing Yu, Bo Wang, Chengnian Wu, Jie Wu, Jing Lai, Xiaoyan Gao and Jie Chen

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:404

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  20. Clinically, there are no clear guidelines on the extent of lymphadenectomy in patients with T1 esophageal cancer. Studying the minimum number of lymph nodes for resection may increase cancer-specific survival.

    Authors: Yang Wang, Xiangwei Zhang, Xiufeng Zhang, Jing Liu-Helmersson, Lin Zhang, Wen Xiao, Yuanzhu Jiang, Keke Liu and Shaowei Sang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:403

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  21. This research describes the clinical pathway and characteristics of two cohorts of patients. The first cohort consists of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer while the second consists of patient...

    Authors: Yichen Zhang, Michael J. Simoff, David Ost, Oliver J. Wagner, James Lavin, Beth Nauman, Mei-Chin Hsieh, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Brian Pettiford and Lizheng Shi

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:402

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  23. Bronchoscopy is a common procedure used for evaluation of suspicious lung nodules, but the low diagnostic sensitivity of bronchoscopy often results in inconclusive results and delays in treatment. Percepta Gen...

    Authors: Marla K. Johnson, Shuyang Wu, Daniel G. Pankratz, Grazyna Fedorowicz, Jessica Anderson, Jie Ding, Mei Wong, Manqiu Cao, Joshua Babiarz, Lori Lofaro, P. Sean Walsh, Giulia C. Kennedy and Jing Huang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:400

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  24. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the survival outcomes of pembrolizumab (PEM) plus enzalutamide (ENZ) versus PEM alone in selected populations of men with previously untreated metastatic...

    Authors: Huanyi Lin, Qilong Liu, Xianshang Zeng, Weiguang Yu and Guixing Xu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:399

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  25. Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare tumors of the soft tissue. Recent diagnostic studies on STS mainly dealt with only few cases of STS and did not investigate the post-therapeutic performance of MRI in a rout...

    Authors: Sam Sedaghat, Maya Sedaghat, Jens Meschede, Olav Jansen and Marcus Both

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:398

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  26. This study explores and analyzes the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of hepatoblastoma (HB) in children under 6 years old and establishes a new risk-stratification system for individualized the...

    Authors: Tian Zhi, Wei-Ling Zhang, Yi Zhang, Hui-Min Hu, Yi-Zhuo Wang and Dong-Sheng Huang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:397

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  27. Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid, exhibits anticancer properties by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, increasing evidence has demonstrated that, under certain conditions, kaempferol can inhibit...

    Authors: Fengjiao Wang, Lai Wang, Chao Qu, Lianyu Chen, Yawen Geng, Chienshan Cheng, Shulin Yu, Dan Wang, Lina Yang, Zhiqiang Meng and Zhen Chen

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:396

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  28. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. However, the target genes of miR-221-3p and the underlying mecha...

    Authors: Ziyan Zhou, Wenling Wu, Jixi Li, Chang Liu, Zixi Xiao, Qinqiao Lai, Rongxing Qin, Mingjun Shen, Shuo Shi and Min Kang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:395

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  29. RNA-seq data are increasingly used to derive prognostic signatures for cancer outcome prediction. A limitation of current predictors is their reliance on reference gene annotations, which amounts to ignoring l...

    Authors: Ha T.N. Nguyen, Haoliang Xue, Virginie Firlej, Yann Ponty, Melina Gallopin and Daniel Gautheret

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:394

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  30. Majority of neuroblastoma patients develop metastatic disease at diagnosis and their prognosis is poor with current therapeutic approach. Major challenges are how to tackle the mechanisms responsible for tumor...

    Authors: Jiao-Le Yu, Shing Chan, Marcus Kwong-Lam Fung and Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:393

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  31. The 37 kDa/67 kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR) is involved in several tumourigenic-promoting processes including cellular viability maintenance and apoptotic evasion. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the...

    Authors: Leila Vania, Gavin Morris, Eloise Ferreira and Stefan F. T. Weiss

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:392

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. Astrocytoma is a common type of central nervous system tumor. In this study, we investigated the correlation between ST6GAL1 and CYP19A1 polymorphisms and the risk and prognosis of astrocytoma.

    Authors: Tuo Wang, Yao Sun, Zichao Xiong, Jiamin Wu, Xiaoying Ding, Xiaoye Guo and Yuan Shao

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:391

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. Definitive diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) depends on the histological analysis of the pleural biopsy sample. Ultrasound (US)-guided sampling is now standard practice in the clinical setting. ...

    Authors: Weijun Huang, Jieyi Ye, Yide Qiu, Weiwei Peng, Ninghui Lan, Weizhen Cui, Ting Huang, Yinghui Ou and Yingjia Li

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:390

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Synonymous mutations do not change the protein sequences. Automatically, they have been regarded as neutral events and are ignored in the mutation-based cancer studies. However, synonymous mutations will chang...

    Authors: Qun Li, Jian Li, Chun-peng Yu, Shuai Chang, Ling-ling Xie and Song Wang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:388

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. Cancer patients with brain metastases (BMs) require multidisciplinary care, and treatment facility may play a role. This study aimed to investigate the impact of receiving treatment at academic centers on the ...

    Authors: Saber Amin, Michael Baine, Jane Meza and Chi Lin

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:387

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. Gliomas are often associated with symptoms including seizures. Most patients with high-grade gliomas are treated with radiotherapy or radio-chemotherapy. Since irradiation causes inflammation, it may initially...

    Authors: Dirk Rades, Jaspar Witteler, Denise Olbrich, Peter Trillenberg, Steven E. Schild, Soeren Tvilsted and Troels W. Kjaer

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:386

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  38. Herein, we investigate the relationship between pancreatic stem cell markers (PCSC markers), CD44, and epithelial-specific antigen (ESA), tumor stroma, and the impact on recurrence outcomes in pancreatic ducta...

    Authors: Gokce Askan, Ibrahim Halil. Sahin, Joanne F. Chou, Aslihan Yavas, Marinela Capanu, Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, Olca Basturk and Eileen M. O’Reilly

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:385

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. The dose perturbation effect of immobilization devices is often overlooked in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for breast cancer (BC). This retrospective study assessed the dosimetric effects of su...

    Authors: Ran Lv, Guangyi Yang, Yongzhi Huang and Yanhong Wang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:384

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Currently, laparoscopic pancreatic resection (LPR) is extensively applied to treat benign and low-grade diseases relat...

    Authors: Ke Chen, Yu Pan, Chao-jie Huang, Qi-long Chen, Ren-chao Zhang, Miao-zun Zhang, Guan-yu Wang, Xian-fa Wang, Yi-ping Mou and Jia-fei Yan

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:382

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. The role of glycolysis in tumorigenesis has received increasing attention and multiple glycolysis-related genes (GRGs) have been proven to be associated with tumor metastasis. Hence, we aimed to construct a pr...

    Authors: Qianwei Xing, Tengyue Zeng, Shouyong Liu, Hong Cheng, Limin Ma and Yi Wang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:381

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. Identifying gene mutation signatures will enable a better understanding for the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and provide some potential biomarkers for clinical practice. Currently, ho...

    Authors: Yan Zhuang, Hailong Wang, Da Jiang, Ying Li, Lixia Feng, Caijuan Tian, Mingyu Pu, Xiaowei Wang, Jiangyan Zhang, Yuanjing Hu and Pengfei Liu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:380

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. Immunotherapy is a vital component in cancer treatment. However, due to the complex genetic bases of cancer, a clear prediction index for efficacy has not been established. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is one o...

    Authors: Liwei Wang, Fu Chen, Rui Liu, Lei Shi, Guosheng Zhao and Zhengjian Yan

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:379

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Despite improvements in median survival some patients with advanced ovarian cancer die within 100 days of diagnosis; the reasons for which remain poorly understood.

    Authors: Amy Hawarden, Bryn Russell, Mary Ellen Gee, Fatima Skayali, Andrew Clamp, Emma Jayne Crosbie and Richard John Edmondson

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:378

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. Epiplakin1 (Eppk1) is part of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signal and takes part in reorganization of cytoskeleton and cell proliferation. However, the role of Eppk1 in cervical cancer (CC) remains unknown.

    Authors: Dong Ma, Zhe Pan, Quan Chang, Jin-jin Zhang, Xiao Liu, Na Hua and Guo-Hua Li

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:377

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. Studies suggest that mutations in the CTNNB1 gene are predictive of response to immunotherapy, an emerging therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers the...

    Authors: Stine Karlsen Oversoe, Michelle Simone Clement, Britta Weber, Henning Grønbæk, Stephen Jacques Hamilton-Dutoit, Boe Sandahl Sorensen and Jens Kelsen

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:376

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. The abundance of immune and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is informative of levels of inflammation, angiogenesis, and desmoplasia. Radiomics, an approach of extracting quantitative features...

    Authors: Dooman Arefan, Ryan M. Hausler, Jules H. Sumkin, Min Sun and Shandong Wu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:370

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. The intimate relationship between coagulation and fibrinolysis in malignant tumors is a well-known phenomena, with the malignant phenotype enhancing coagulation and fibrinolysis. We hypothesized that soft tiss...

    Authors: Kunihiro Asanuma, Tomoki Nakamura, Tomohito Hagi, Takayuki Okamoto, Kouji Kita, Koichi Nakamura, Yumi Matsuyama, Keisuke Yoshida, Yumiko Asanuma and Akihiro Sudo

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:364

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Chen-Chen Huang, Fang-Rui Liu, Qiang Feng, Xin-Yan Pan, Shu-Ling Song and Ju-Lun Yang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:361

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Cancer 2021 21:321

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