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  1. The small size of ultra-small nanoparticles makes them suitable for lymphatic delivery, and many recent studies have examined their role in anti-metastasis therapy. However, the anti-metastatic efficacy of sma...

    Authors: Yunfei Li, Mingji Jin, Shuai Shao, Wei Huang, Feifei Yang, Wei Chen, Shenghua Zhang, Guimin Xia and Zhonggao Gao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:329
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Sox2, a transcription factor and an embryonic stem cell marker, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC). YB-1 is another transcription factor that has been shown to promote stemness in BC...

    Authors: Karen Jung, Fang Wu, Peng Wang, Xiaoxia Ye, Bassam S Abdulkarim and Raymond Lai
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:328
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. A role for autophagy, a conserved cellular response to stress, has recently been demonstrated in human cancers. Aberrant expression of Beclin-1, an important autophagic gene, has been reported in various human...

    Authors: Dong-Mei Qiu, Gui-Lan Wang, Li Chen, Yu-Yin Xu, Song He, Xiao-Lei Cao, Jing Qin, Jia-Ming Zhou, Yi-Xin Zhang and Qun E
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:327
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Preoperative therapy with chemotherapy and the HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody trastuzumab is valuable for patients with large or locally advanced HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancers but traditional methods...

    Authors: Huan Cheng, Yalai Bai, William Sikov, Natalie Sinclair, Veerle Bossuyt, Maysa M Abu-Khalaf, Lyndsay N Harris and David L Rimm
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:326
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC) is a common cancer form with relatively low 5-year survival rates, due partially to late detection and lack of complementary molecular markers as targets for t...

    Authors: Toshima Z Parris, Luaay Aziz, Anikó Kovács, Shahin Hajizadeh, Szilárd Nemes, May Semaan, Chang Yan Chen, Per Karlsson and Khalil Helou
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:324
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Data from the Czech national registry were analysed retrospectively to describe treatment outcomes for capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) regimen with bevacizumab versus 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxali...

    Authors: Tomas Buchler, Tomas Pavlik, Bohuslav Melichar, Zbynek Bortlicek, Zuzana Usiakova, Ladislav Dusek, Igor Kiss, Milan Kohoutek, Vera Benesova, Rostislav Vyzula, Jitka Abrahamova and Radka Obermannova
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:323
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a fundamental role in posttranscriptional control of gene expression. Different RBPs have oncogenic or tumor-suppressive functions on human cancers. RNPC1 belongs to the RNA recog...

    Authors: Jin-Qiu Xue, Tian-Song Xia, Xiu-Qing Liang, Wenbin Zhou, Lin Cheng, Liang Shi, Ying Wang and Qiang Ding
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:322
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Smoking has recently been established as a risk factor for rectal cancer. We examined whether the smoking-related increase in rectal cancer differed by gender.

    Authors: Ranjan Parajuli, Eivind Bjerkaas, Aage Tverdal, Loïc Le Marchand, Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T Gram
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:321
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Individuals who live in rural areas are at greater risk for brain cancer, and pesticide exposure may contribute to this increased risk. The aims of this research were to analyze the mortality trends and to est...

    Authors: Adalberto Luiz Miranda Filho, Rosalina Jorge Koifman, Sergio Koifman and Gina Torres Rego Monteiro
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:320
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death and remains a major clinical challenge due to poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged recently as maj...

    Authors: Ming Sun, Fei-yan Jin, Rui Xia, Rong Kong, Jin-hai Li, Tong-peng Xu, Yan-wen Liu, Er-bao Zhang, Xiang-hua Liu and Wei De
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:319
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Based on data from the population-based Qidong Cancer Registry, we report a survival analysis for female breast cancer patients diagnosed during 1972–2011 in order to assess the long-term trends for the prognosis...

    Authors: Jian Zhu, Jian-Guo Chen, Yong-Sheng Chen, Yong-Hui Zhang, Lu-Lu Ding and Tao-Yang Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:318
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Current treatment of ovarian cancer patients with chemotherapy leaves behind a residual tumor which results in recurrent ovarian cancer within a short time frame. We have previously demonstrated that a single ...

    Authors: Khalid Abubaker, Rodney B Luwor, Hongjian Zhu, Orla McNally, Michael A Quinn, Christopher J Burns, Erik W Thompson, Jock K Findlay and Nuzhat Ahmed
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:317
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Oral cancer is an important health issue, with changing incidence in many countries. Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC, in tonsil and oropharygeal areas) is increasing, while oral cavity cancer (OCC, other sites in th...

    Authors: Ajit Auluck, Blake Byron Walker, Greg Hislop, Scott A Lear, Nadine Schuurman and Miriam Rosin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:316
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. It is known that all tumors studied in sufficient number to draw conclusions show characteristic/specific chromosomal rearrangements, and the identification of these chromosomes and the genes rearranged behind...

    Authors: Francesca Micci, Lisbeth Haugom, Vera M Abeler, Ben Davidson, Claes G Tropé and Sverre Heim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:315
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly aggressive carcinoma with a poor survival rate. One of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs, cisplatin, displays varied and often poor efficacy i...

    Authors: Leonard Howard Damelin, Rupal Jivan, Robin Bruce Veale, Amanda Louise Rousseau and Demetra Mavri-Damelin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:314
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Perineural invasion (PNI) is correlated with adverse survival in several malignancies, but its significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains to be clearly defined. The objective of this stu...

    Authors: Jie-Wei Chen, Jing-Dun Xie, Yi-Hong Ling, Peng Li, Shu-Mei Yan, Shao-Yan Xi, Rong-Zhen Luo, Jing-Ping Yun, Dan Xie and Mu-Yan Cai
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:313
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Nodular ground-glass opacities (nGGO) are a specific type of lung adenocarcinoma. ALK rearrangements and driver mutations such as EGFR and K-ras are frequently found in all types of lung adenocarcinoma. EGFR muta...

    Authors: Sung-Jun Ko, Yeon Joo Lee, Jong Sun Park, Young-Jae Cho, Ho Il Yoon, Jin-Haeng Chung, Tae Jung Kim, Kyung Won Lee, Kwhanmien Kim, Sanghoon Jheon, Hyojin Kim, Jae Ho Lee and Choon-Taek Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:312
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. People with cancer receive regular structured follow up after initial treatment, usually by a specialist in a cancer centre. Increasing numbers of cancer survivors prompts interest in alternative structured fo...

    Authors: Rebekah Dickinson, Susan Hall, Jenny E Sinclair, Christine Bond and Peter Murchie
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:311
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Cancer invasion and metastasis develops through a series of steps that involve the loss of cell to cell and cell to matrix adhesion, degradation of extracellular matrix and induction of angiogenesis. Different...

    Authors: Ge Zhang, Makito Miyake, Adrienne Lawton, Steve Goodison and Charles J Rosser
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:310
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. NB tumors and derived cell lines are phenotypically heterogeneous. Cell lines are classified by phenotype, each having distinct diffe...

    Authors: Leleesha Samaraweera, Kathryn B Grandinetti, Ruojun Huang, Barbara A Spengler and Robert A Ross
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:309
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Androgen deprivation therapy is the primary strategy for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer; however, after an initial regression, most patients will inevitably develop a fatal androgen-independent tumo...

    Authors: Xiaolu Wang, Haitao Gao, Lixin Ren, Junfei Gu, Yanping Zhang and Yong Zhang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:308
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene occurs in approximately 20% of invasive breast cancer cases and is associated with a more aggressive disease course than HER2-negative bre...

    Authors: Debu Tripathy, Hope S Rugo, Peter A Kaufman, Sandra Swain, Joyce O’Shaughnessy, Mohammad Jahanzeb, Ginny Mason, Mary Beattie, Bongin Yoo, Catherine Lai, Anthony Masaquel and Sara Hurvitz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:307
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  24. The use of cancer related therapy in cancer patients at the end-of-life has increased over time in many countries. Given a lack of published Swiss data, the objective of this study was to describe delivery of ...

    Authors: Klazien W Matter-Walstra, Rita Achermann, Roland Rapold, Dirk Klingbiel, Andrea Bordoni, Silvia Dehler, Gernot Jundt, Isabelle Konzelmann, Kerri M Clough-Gorr, Thomas D Szucs, Matthias Schwenkglenks and Bernhard C Pestalozzi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:306
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Conventional chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has minimal impact on patient survival due to the supposed chemoresistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). We sought to identify a sub-population ...

    Authors: Lourdes Cortes-Dericks, Laurene Froment, Ruben Boesch, Ralph Alexander Schmid and Golnaz Karoubi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:304
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Expression and function of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is requisite for efficient iodide transport in thyrocytes, and its presence in cancer cells allows the use of radioiodine as a diagnostic and therapeuti...

    Authors: Salvatore Micali, Stefania Bulotta, Cinzia Puppin, Angelo Territo, Michele Navarra, Giampaolo Bianchi, Giuseppe Damante, Sebastiano Filetti and Diego Russo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:303
    Content type: Review Published on:

  28. The androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in the oncogenesis of different tumors, as is the case in prostate cancer. In triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) a gene expression classification has described...

    Authors: María D Cuenca-López, Juan C Montero, Jorge C Morales, Aleix Prat, Atanasio Pandiella and Alberto Ocana
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:302
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. In Japan, transarterial infusion chemotherapy using cisplatin (CDDP-TAI) is frequently used for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, oral chemotherapy with S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine derivativ...

    Authors: Tetsuji Terazawa, Shunsuke Kondo, Hiroko Hosoi, Chigusa Morizane, Satoshi Shimizu, Shuichi Mitsunaga, Masafumi Ikeda, Hideki Ueno and Takuji Okusaka
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:301
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Gastric cancer remains a major health issue and a leading cause of death worldwide. This study presented a long-term survival data of gastric cancer registered in Shanghai of China from 1972–2003, with aims to...

    Authors: Leizhen Zheng, Chunxiao Wu, Pan Xi, Meiling Zhu, Li Zhang, Siyu Chen, Xiaoping Li, Jianchun Gu and Ying Zheng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:300
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Mercaptopurine (6-MP) plays a pivotal role in treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); however, interindividual variability in toxicity of this drug due to genetic polymorphism in 6-MP metabo...

    Authors: Mauricio J Farfan, Carolina Salas, Cristina Canales, Felipe Silva, Milena Villarroel, Katherine Kopp, Juan P Torres, María E Santolaya and Jorge Morales
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:299
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Metformin may exhibit inhibitory effects on cancer cells by inhibiting mTOR signaling pathway. The aim of our retrospective study was to examine if patients with breast carcinoma (BC) and diabetes mellitus (DM...

    Authors: Nikola Besic, Nika Satej, Ivica Ratosa, Andreja Gojkovic Horvat, Tanja Marinko, Barbara Gazic and Rok Petric
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:298
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), one of the seven Sirtuins family members, plays critical roles in the progression of multiple cancer types. However, its role in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet b...

    Authors: Jia-Xing Wang, Yong Yi, Yi-Wei Li, Xiao-Yan Cai, Hong-Wei He, Xiao-Chun Ni, Jian Zhou, Yun-Feng Cheng, Jian-Jun Jin, Jia Fan and Shuang-Jian Qiu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:297
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Gastric Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and colorectal polyps are more prevalent in African Americans than in the general population. We aimed to investigate whether gastric H. pylori infection is assoc...

    Authors: Hassan Brim, Marwah Zahaf, Adeyinka O Laiyemo, Mehdi Nouraie, Guillermo I Pérez-Pérez, Duane T Smoot, Edward Lee, Hadie Razjouyan and Hassan Ashktorab
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:296
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Ganglioside GD2 is expressed on plasma membranes of various types of malignant cells. One of the most promising approaches for cancer immunotherapy is the treatment with monoclonal antibodies recognizing tumor...

    Authors: Igor I Doronin, Polina A Vishnyakova, Irina V Kholodenko, Eugene D Ponomarev, Dmitry Y Ryazantsev, Irina M Molotkovskaya and Roman V Kholodenko
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:295
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Lung cancer patients with mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are primary candidates for EGFR-targeted therapy. Reliable analyses of such mutations have previously been possible only in tu...

    Authors: Britta Weber, Peter Meldgaard, Henrik Hager, Lin Wu, Wen Wei, Julie Tsai, Azza Khalil, Ebba Nexo and Boe S Sorensen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:294
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Surgical therapies are the first-line treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the high incidence of tumor metastasis after liver surgery remains a severe problem. We aim to investigate...

    Authors: Chang Xian Li, Bing L Wong, Chang Chun Ling, Yuen Yuen Ma, Yan Shao, Wei Geng, Xiang Qi, Sze Hang Lau, Sui Yi Kwok, Na Wei, Fei Chuen Tzang, Kevin TP Ng, Xiao Bing Liu, Chung Mau Lo and Kwan Man
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:293
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. PAX8 is a member of the paired box (Pax) multigene family of transcription factors, which are involved in the developmental and tissue-specific control of the expression of several genes in both vertebrates an...

    Authors: Tina Di Palma, Valeria Lucci, Tiziana de Cristofaro, Maria Grazia Filippone and Mariastella Zannini
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:292
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), a known lymph node homing receptor for immune cells, has been reported as a key molecule in lymph node metastasis. We hypothesized a clinicopathological correlation and function...

    Authors: Tomoyuki Irino, Hiroya Takeuchi, Sachiko Matsuda, Yoshiro Saikawa, Hirofumi Kawakubo, Norihito Wada, Tsunehiro Takahashi, Rieko Nakamura, Kazumasa Fukuda, Tai Omori and Yuko Kitagawa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:291
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The efficacy and safety of axitinib, a potent and selective second-generation inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2, and 3 in combination with pemetrexed and cisplatin was evaluated in...

    Authors: Chandra P Belani, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Igor M Bondarenko, Artem Poltoratskiy, Silvia Novello, Jie Tang, Paul Bycott, Andreas G Niethammer, Antonella Ingrosso, Sinil Kim and Giorgio V Scagliotti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:290
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The objective of this study was to identify breast cancer patients with a high risk of developing brain metastases who may benefit from pre-emptive medical intervention.

    Authors: Volker Rudat, Hamdan El-Sweilmeen, Iris Brune-Erber, Alaa Ahmad Nour, Nidal Almasri, Saleh Altuwaijri and Elias Fadel
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:289
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Malignant ascites is often present at diagnostic in women with advanced ovarian cancer (OC) and its presence is associated with a worse outcome. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) are key components of...

    Authors: Isabelle Matte, Denis Lane, Dimcho Bachvarov, Claudine Rancourt and Alain Piché
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:288
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The DNA damage checkpoint signalling cascade sense damaged DNA and coordinates cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and/or apoptosis. However, it is still not well understood how the signalling system differentiates...

    Authors: Satish Bodakuntla, Libi Anandi V, Surojit Sural, Prasad Trivedi and Mayurika Lahiri
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:287
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Mammary microcalcifications have a crucial role in breast cancer detection, but the processes that induce their formation are unknown. Moreover, recent studies have described the occurrence of the epithelial–m...

    Authors: Manuel Scimeca, Elena Giannini, Chiara Antonacci, Chiara Adriana Pistolese, Luigi Giusto Spagnoli and Elena Bonanno
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:286
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Tamoxifen resistance is a major problem in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER) α -positive breast cancer patients. Although the mechanisms behind tamoxifen resistance are still not completely understood, c...

    Authors: Marja Moerkens, Yinghui Zhang, Lynn Wester, Bob van de Water and John HN Meerman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:283
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases in chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers who often have concomitant increase in the levels of benzo[alpha]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide(±) (BP...

    Authors: Jin-Yan Chen, Wan-Nan Chen, Bo-Yan Jiao, Wan-Song Lin, Yun-Li Wu, Ling-Ling Liu and Xu Lin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:282
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Zalypsis® is a marine compound in phase II clinical trials for multiple myeloma, cervical and endometrial cancer, and Ewing’s sarcoma. However, the determinants of the response to Zalypsis are not well known. ...

    Authors: Victoria Moneo, Beatriz G Serelde, Carmen Blanco-Aparicio, Ramon Diaz-Uriarte, Pablo Avilés, Gemma Santamaría, Juan C Tercero, Carmen Cuevas and Amancio Carnero
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:281
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication of advanced lung cancer. Research has shown that secreted phosphoprotein-1 (SPP1) is essential in MPE associated with lung cancer. This retrospective s...

    Authors: He Zhang, Hong-bing Liu, Dong-mei Yuan, Zhao-feng Wang, Yun-fen Wang and Yong Song
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:280
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Breast carcinoma can be classified as either Estrogen Receptor (ER) positive or negative by immunohistochemical phenotyping, although ER expression may vary from 1 to 100% of malignant cells within an ER + tum...

    Authors: Mark C Lloyd, Khalid O Alfarouk, Daniel Verduzco, Marilyn M Bui, Robert J Gillies, Muntaser E Ibrahim, Joel S Brown and Robert A Gatenby
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:279
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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