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  1. Osseous metastatic involvement of the spinal column affects many patients with a primary tumour disease of all entities. The consequences are pain both at rest and under exertion, impairments in going about da...

    Authors: Harald Rief, Alexandra D Jensen, Thomas Bruckner, Klaus Herfarth and Jürgen Debus
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:482
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  2. The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) varies following surgical resection and the large variation remains largely unexplained. Studies have revealed the ability of clinicopathologic parameters and ge...

    Authors: Ke Hao, John Lamb, Chunsheng Zhang, Tao Xie, Kai Wang, Bin Zhang, Eugene Chudin, Nikki P Lee, Mao Mao, Hua Zhong, Danielle Greenawalt, Mark D Ferguson, Irene O Ng, Pak C Sham, Ronnie T Poon, Cliona Molony…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:481
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Targeted therapies are becoming an essential part of breast cancer treatment and agents targeting the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) are currently being investigated in clinical trials. On...

    Authors: Craig I Campbell and Roger A Moorehead
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:480
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Psychosocial problems in cancer patients are often unrecognized and untreated due to the low awareness of the existence of these problems or pressures of time. The awareness of the need to identify psychosocia...

    Authors: Anna PBM Braeken, Gertrudis IJM Kempen, Daniëlle Eekers, Francis CJM van Gils, Ruud MA Houben and Lilian Lechner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:479
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. In spite of increasing efforts to enhance patient safety, medication errors in hospitalised patients are still relatively common, but with potentially severe consequences. This study aimed to assess antineopla...

    Authors: Florence Ranchon, Gilles Salles, Hans-Martin Späth, Vérane Schwiertz, Nicolas Vantard, Stéphanie Parat, Florence Broussais, Benoît You, Sophie Tartas, Pierre Jean Souquet, Claude Dussart, Claire Falandry, Emilie Henin, Gilles Freyer and Catherine Rioufol
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:478
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR, fenretinide) is a synthetic retinoid with potent pro-apoptotic activity against several types of cancer, but little is known regarding mechanisms leading to chemoresistance....

    Authors: Aintzane Apraiz, Jolanta K Idkowiak-Baldys, María Dolores Boyano, Gorka Pérez-Yarza, Yusuf A Hannun and Aintzane Asumendi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:477
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs lower estrogen levels in pre-menopausal breast cancer patients. GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) activation also directly inhibits the growth of certain cells. The applicab...

    Authors: Kevin Morgan, Colette Meyer, Nicola Miller, Andrew H Sims, Ilgin Cagnan, Dana Faratian, David J Harrison, Robert P Millar and Simon P Langdon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:476
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Concomitant chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) has become an indispensable organ, but not always function preserving treatment modality for advanced head and neck cancer. To prevent/limit the functional side effects of...

    Authors: Valesca P Retèl, Lisette van der Molen, Frans JM Hilgers, Coen RN Rasch, Annemiek AAMHJ L'Ortye, Lotte MG Steuten and Wim H van Harten
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:475
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The dynamic regulation of cell-cell adhesions is crucial for developmental processes, including tissue formation, differentiation and motility. Adherens junctions are important components of the junctional com...

    Authors: Teresa Rodríguez-Rigueiro, Manuel Valladares-Ayerbes, Mar Haz-Conde, Luis A Aparicio and Angélica Figueroa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:474
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are causally associated with ano-genital and a subset of head and neck cancers. Rising incidence of HPV+ anal cancers and head and neck cancers have now been demonstrated in the de...

    Authors: Robin Crawford, Anne-Laure Grignon, Sarah Kitson, David M Winder, Siolian LR Ball, Katie Vaughan, Margaret A Stanley, Jane C Sterling and Peter KC Goon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:473
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The polycomb transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) overexpression can be causally implicated in experimental tumor growth and metastasization. To date, there is no clinical evidence of YY1 involvement in outco...

    Authors: Filomena de Nigris, Licciana Zanella, Francesco Cacciatore, Anna De Chiara, Flavio Fazioli, Gennaro Chiappetta, Gaetano Apice, Teresa Infante, Mario Monaco, Raffaele Rossiello, Gaetano De Rosa, Marco Alberghini and Claudio Napoli
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:472
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. HER2/neu is an oncogene that facilitates neoplastic transformation due to its ability to transduce growth signals in a ligand-independent manner, is over-expressed in 20-30% of human breast cancers correlating w...

    Authors: Tobias Hahn, Deborah J Bradley-Dunlop, Laurence H Hurley, Daniel Von-Hoff, Stephen Gately, Disis L Mary, Hailing Lu, Manuel L Penichet, David G Besselsen, Brook B Cole, Tanisha Meeuwsen, Edwin Walker and Emmanuel T Akporiaye
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:471
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) and agonistic antibodies to death receptor 4 and 5 are promising candidates for cancer therapy due to their ability to induce apoptosis selective...

    Authors: David J Taylor, Christine E Parsons, Haiyong Han, Arul Jayaraman and Kaushal Rege
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:470
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is among the most aggressive human malignancies. It is associated with a high rate of local recurrence and with poor prognosis.

    Authors: Olfa Derbel, Sami Limem, Céline Ségura-Ferlay, Jean-Christophe Lifante, Christian Carrie, Jean-Louis Peix, Françoise Borson-Chazot, Claire Bournaud, Jean-Pierre Droz and Christelle de la Fouchardière
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:469
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has been shown to be overexpressed in a number of cancers, including prostate cancer, making it an important target for drug discovery. Unfortunately, res...

    Authors: Jeffery D Eskew, Takrima Sadikot, Pedro Morales, Alicia Duren, Irene Dunwiddie, Megan Swink, Xiaoying Zhang, Stacey Hembruff, Alison Donnelly, Roger A Rajewski, Brian SJ Blagg, Jacob R Manjarrez, Robert L Matts, Jeffrey M Holzbeierlein and George A Vielhauer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:468
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The national Cancer Reform Strategy recommends delivering care closer to home whenever possible. Cancer drug treatment has traditionally been administered to patients in specialist hospital-based facilities. T...

    Authors: Pippa G Corrie, Margaret Moody, Victoria Wood, Linda Bavister, Toby Prevost, Richard A Parker, Ramon Sabes-Figuera, Paul McCrone, Helen Balsdon, Karen McKinnon, Brendan O'Sullivan, Ray S Tan and Stephen IG Barclay
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:467
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  17. Chemoradiotherapy is the standard of care for patients with oesophageal cancer unsuitable for surgery due to the presence of co-morbidity or extent of disease, and is a standard treatment option for patients w...

    Authors: Christopher N Hurt, Lisette S Nixon, Gareth O Griffiths, Ruby Al-Mokhtar, Simon Gollins, John N Staffurth, Ceri J Phillips, Jane M Blazeby and Tom D Crosby
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:466
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  18. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) has been demonstrated to be useful for molecular profiling of common solid tumors. Using recently developed MALDI matrices for lipid p...

    Authors: Han Sung Kang, Seok Cheol Lee, Young Seung Park, Young Eun Jeon, Jeong Hwa Lee, So-Youn Jung, In Hae Park, Seok Hoon Jang, Hye Min Park, Chong Woo Yoo, Seok Hee Park, Sang Yun Han, Kwang Pyo Kim, Young Hwan Kim, Jungsil Ro and Hark Kyun Kim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:465
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Parvovirus H-1 (H-1PV) infects and lyses human tumor cells including melanoma, hepatoma, gastric, colorectal, cervix and pancreatic cancers. We assessed whether the beneficial effects of chemotherapeutic agent...

    Authors: Markus Moehler, Maike Sieben, Susanne Roth, Franziska Springsguth, Barbara Leuchs, Maja Zeidler, Christiane Dinsart, Jean Rommelaere and Peter R Galle
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:464
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Epigenetic regulation is an important mechanism leading to cancer initiation and promotion. Histone acetylation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) represents an important part of it. The development of HDAC inhib...

    Authors: Nicolas Samartzis, Patrick Imesch, Konstantin J Dedes, Eleftherios P Samartzis, André Fedier, Daniel Fink, Rosmarie Caduff and Mathias K Fehr
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:463
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Oral cancer is a major health problem worldwide. The 5-year survival rate ranges from 30-60%, and has remained unchanged in the past few decades. This is mainly due to late diagnosis and high recurrence of the...

    Authors: Catherine F Poh, J Scott Durham, Penelope M Brasher, Donald W Anderson, Kenneth W Berean, Calum E MacAulay, J Jack Lee and Miriam P Rosin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:462
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  22. The evolutionary dynamics between interacting heterogeneous cell types are fundamental properties of neoplastic progression but can be difficult to measure and quantify. Cancers are heterogeneous mixtures of m...

    Authors: Lauren MF Merlo, Rachelle E Kosoff, Kristin L Gardiner and Carlo C Maley
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:461
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Overall, Indigenous Australians with cancer are diagnosed with more advanced disease, receive less cancer treatment and have poorer cancer survival than non-Indigenous Australians. The prognosis for Indigenous...

    Authors: Suzanne P Moore, Adèle C Green, Gail Garvey, Michael D Coory and Patricia C Valery
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:460
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor of lung cancer development while the current epidemiological evidence is suggestive of an increased lung cancer risk associated with alcohol consumption. Dietary...

    Authors: Chikako Kiyohara, Takahiko Horiuchi, Koichi Takayama and Yoichi Nakanishi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:459
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of hepatocarcinogenesis.

    Authors: Masashi Tatsukawa, Akinobu Takaki, Hidenori Shiraha, Kazuko Koike, Yoshiaki Iwasaki, Haruhiko Kobashi, Shin-Ichi Fujioka, Kohsaku Sakaguchi and Kazuhide Yamamoto
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:458
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. HDGF is a growth factor which is overexpressed in a wide range of tumors. Importantly, expression levels were identified as a prognostic marker in some types of cancer such as melanoma.

    Authors: Angela Sedlmaier, Nicolas Wernert, Rainer Gallitzendörfer, Mekky M Abouzied, Volkmar Gieselmann and Sebastian Franken
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:457
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Magnolol, a plant lignan isolated from the bark and seed cones of Magnolia officinalis, has been shown to have chemopreventive effects on chemically-induced skin cancer development. The objectives of this investi...

    Authors: Chandeshwari Chilampalli, Ruth Guillermo, Xiaoying Zhang, Radhey S Kaushik, Alan Young, David Zeman, Michael B Hildreth, Hesham Fahmy and Chandradhar Dwivedi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:456
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Metastatic progression due to development or enrichment of therapy-resistant tumor cells is eventually lethal. Molecular characterization of such chemotherapy resistant tumor cell clones may identify markers r...

    Authors: Geir Olav Hjortland, Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda, Klaus Beiske, Anne H Ree, Siri Tveito, Hanne Hoifodt, Per J Bohler, Knut H Hole, Ola Myklebost, Oystein Fodstad, Sigbjorn Smeland and Eivind Hovig
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:455
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  29. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-class I molecules on tumor cells have been regarded as crucial sites where cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can recognize tumor-specific antigens and are strongly associated with ant...

    Authors: Koichi Kaneko, Sumiya Ishigami, Yuko Kijima, Yawara Funasako, Munetsugu Hirata, Hiroshi Okumura, Hiroyuki Shinchi, Chihaya Koriyama, Shinichi Ueno, Heiji Yoshinaka and Shoji Natsugoe
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:454
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The prognosis of patients with recurrent, platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is poor. There is no standard treatment available. Emerging evidence suggests a major role for antiangiogenic treatm...

    Authors: Michael Eichbaum, Christine Mayer, Regina Eickhoff, Esther Bischofs, Gerhard Gebauer, Tanja Fehm, Florian Lenz, Hans-Christian Fricke, Erich Solomayer, Nikos Fersis, Marcus Schmidt, Markus Wallwiener, Andreas Schneeweiss and Christof Sohn
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:453
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  31. This study was aimed 1) to investigate the predictive value of FDG PET/CT (fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography) for histopathologic response and 2) to explore the re...

    Authors: Bhumsuk Keam, Seock-Ah Im, Youngil Koh, Sae-Won Han, Do-Youn Oh, Nariya Cho, Jee Hyun Kim, Wonshik Han, Keon Wook Kang, Woo Kyung Moon, Tae-You Kim, In Ae Park, Dong-Young Noh, June-Key Chung and Yung-Jue Bang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:452
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Oncolytic viral therapy represents an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. We previously described GLV-1h68, a modified Vaccinia Virus with exclusive tropism for tumor cells, and we ob...

    Authors: Maria Libera Ascierto, Andrea Worschech, Zhiya Yu, Sharon Adams, Jennifer Reinboth, Nanhai G Chen, Zoltan Pos, Rahul Roychoudhuri, Giovanni Di Pasquale, Davide Bedognetti, Lorenzo Uccellini, Fabio Rossano, Paolo A Ascierto, David F Stroncek, Nicholas P Restifo, Ena Wang…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:451
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Despite their well-established functional roles, histone modifications have received less attention than DNA methylation in the cancer field. In order to evaluate their importance in colorectal cancer (CRC), w...

    Authors: Stefan Enroth, Alvaro Rada-Iglesisas, Robin Andersson, Ola Wallerman, Alkwin Wanders, Lars PÃ¥hlman, Jan Komorowski and Claes Wadelius
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:450
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Gastric adenocarcinoma is rare in children and adolescents, with about 17 cases under age 21 in the world's literature. We report a case of invasive well-differentiated metastatic gastric cancer in a Brazilian...

    Authors: Edaise M da Silva, Maria Isabel W Achatz, Ghyslaine Martel-Planche, André L Montagnini, Magali Olivier, Patricia A Prolla, Pierre Hainaut and Fernando A Soares
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:449
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  35. The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is highly expressed and its gene is amplified in about 50% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas; this last feature is associated with worse prognosis. It is unknown...

    Authors: Claudio Sorio, Andrea Mafficini, Federico Furlan, Stefano Barbi, Antonio Bonora, Giorgio Brocco, Francesco Blasi, Giorgio Talamini, Claudio Bassi and Aldo Scarpa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:448
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The dysregulation of gene expression in the TNF-TNFR superfamily has been involved in various human cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, functional polymorphisms in TNF-α and TNFRSF1...

    Authors: Xiaoxiang Guan, Zhongxin Liao, Hongxia Ma, Ji Qian, Zhensheng Liu, Xianglin Yuan, Daniel Gomez, Ritsuko Komaki, Li-E Wang and Qingyi Wei
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:447
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. It is well established that drinking alcohol raises the risk of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). However, it has not been sufficiently established as to whether or not drinking cessation subsequently r...

    Authors: Gawain A Heckley, Johan Jarl, Benedict O Asamoah and Ulf G-Gerdtham
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:446
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The mucosae of the oral cavity are different at the histological level but appear all equally exposed to common genotoxic agents. As a result of this exposure, changes in the mucosal epithelia may develop givi...

    Authors: Patrizio Castagnola, Davide Malacarne, Paola Scaruffi, Massimo Maffei, Alessandra Donadini, Emanuela Di Nallo, Simona Coco, Gian Paolo Tonini, Monica Pentenero, Sergio Gandolfo and Walter Giaretti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:445
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. In addition to breast imaging, ultrasound offers the potential for characterizing and distinguishing between benign and malignant breast tissues due to their different microstructures and material properties. ...

    Authors: Timothy E Doyle, Rachel E Factor, Christina L Ellefson, Kristina M Sorensen, Brady J Ambrose, Jeffrey B Goodrich, Vern P Hart, Scott C Jensen, Hemang Patel and Leigh A Neumayer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:444
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Nck1 and Nck2 adaptor proteins are involved in signaling pathways mediating proliferation, cytoskeleton organization and integrated stress response. Overexpression of Nck1 in fibroblasts has been shown to be o...

    Authors: Mélissa Labelle-Côté, Julie Dusseault, Salma Ismaïl, Aude Picard-Cloutier, Peter M Siegel and Louise Larose
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:443
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. This work aimed to assess the effects of the annual breast cancer awareness campaign on internet search activity, and to compare these effects with those of similar campaigns in prostate and lung cancer. We fu...

    Authors: Ronan W Glynn, John C Kelly, Norma Coffey, Karl J Sweeney and Michael J Kerin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:442
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare KSHV/HHV8-associated high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of B-cell origin, characterized by serous effusions in body cavities. Most patients are HIV-infected men w...

    Authors: Rita Ötvös, Henriette Skribek, Lorand L Kis, Annunziata Gloghini, Laszlo Markasz, Emilie Flaberg, Staffan Eksborg, Jozsef Konya, Lajos Gergely, Antonino Carbone and Laszlo Szekely
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:441
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Recent studies have reported associations of DNA repair pathway gene variants and risk of various cancers and precancerous lesions, such as chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG).

    Authors: Bernd Frank, Heiko Müller, Melanie Nicole Weck, Norman Klopp, Thomas Illig, Elke Raum and Hermann Brenner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:440
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Relapses of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) have a poor prognosis and are almost always fatal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome and toxicity of intraoperative electron beam radiati...

    Authors: Ying Gao, Zi Liu, Xi Chen, Wei Luo, Long Zhang and Juan Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:439
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. In cancer research the selection and definitions of survival endpoints are important and yet they are not used consistently. The aim of this study was to compare different survival endpoints in patients with p...

    Authors: Helgi Birgisson, Ulrik Wallin, Lars Holmberg and Bengt Glimelius
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:438
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a major cause of cancer death worldwide, which is mainly due to recurrence leading to treatment failure and patient death. Histological status of surgical margins is a cu...

    Authors: Patricia P Reis, Levi Waldron, Bayardo Perez-Ordonez, Melania Pintilie, Natalie Naranjo Galloni, Yali Xuan, Nilva K Cervigne, Giles C Warner, Antti A Makitie, Colleen Simpson, David Goldstein, Dale Brown, Ralph Gilbert, Patrick Gullane, Jonathan Irish, Igor Jurisica…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:437
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The clinical predictors of aromatase inhibitor-related arthralgia (AIA), a drug-related adverse reaction of aromatase inhibitors (AIs), remain unclear.

    Authors: Miyuki Kanematsu, Masami Morimoto, Junko Honda, Taeko Nagao, Misako Nakagawa, Masako Takahashi, Akira Tangoku and Mitsunori Sasa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:436
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Clinicians often experience extrahepatic metastases associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even if no evidence of intrahepatic recurrence after treatment is observed. We investigated the pretreatment ...

    Authors: Hyun-Mi Bae, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Yoon Jun Kim, Dae Seog Heo and Hyo-Suk Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:435
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. A single sampled faecal immunochemical test (FIT) has moderate sensitivity for colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas. Repeated FIT sampling could improve test sensitivity. The aim of the present study is to ...

    Authors: Frank A Oort, Sietze T van Turenhout, Veerle MH Coupé, René WM van der Hulst, Eric IC Wesdorp, Jochim S Terhaar sive Droste, Ilhame Ben Larbi, Shannon L Kanis, Edwin van Hengel, Anneke A Bouman, Gerrit A Meijer and Chris JJ Mulder
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:434
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Previous research suggests the therapeutic cancer vaccine L-BLP25 potentially provides a survival benefit in patients with locally advanced unresectable stage III non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). These p...

    Authors: Yi-Long Wu, Keunchil Park, Ross A Soo, Yan Sun, Karin Tyroller, David Wages, Guy Ely, James Chih-Hsin Yang and Tony Mok
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:430
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

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