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  1. Accumulating evidence supports cancer to initiate and develop from a small population of stem-like cells termed as cancer stem cells (CSC). The exact phenotype of CSC and their counterparts in normal mammary g...

    Authors: Hazem Ghebeh, Ghida Majed Sleiman, Pulicat S Manogaran, Amer Al-Mazrou, Eman Barhoush, Falah H Al-Mohanna, Asma Tulbah, Khalid Al-Faqeeh and Chaker N Adra
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:289
  2. Rhabdoid tumors are highly aggressive malignancies affecting infants and very young children. In many instances these tumors are resistant to conventional type chemotherapy necessitating alternative approaches.

    Authors: Kornelius Kerl, David Ries, Rebecca Unland, Christiane Borchert, Natalia Moreno, Martin Hasselblatt, Heribert Jürgens, Marcel Kool, Dennis Görlich, Maria Eveslage, Manfred Jung, Michael Meisterernst and Michael Frühwald
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:286
  3. Recent research has revealed that targeting mitochondrial bioenergetic metabolism is a promising chemotherapeutic strategy. Key to successful implementation of this chemotherapeutic strategy is the use of new ...

    Authors: Gang Cheng, Jacek Zielonka, Donna M McAllister, A Craig Mackinnon Jr, Joy Joseph, Michael B Dwinell and Balaraman Kalyanaraman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:285
  4. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is recommended and commonly used for extended treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), but its superiority over warfarin has been demonstrated in only one randomised...

    Authors: Agnes YY Lee, Rupert Bauersachs, Mette S Janas, Mikala F Jarner, Pieter W Kamphuisen, Guy Meyer and Alok A Khorana
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:284
  5. To establish a distant metastasis (DM) cells must disseminate from the primary tumor and overcome a series of obstacles, the metastatic cascade. In this study we develop a mathematical model for this cascade t...

    Authors: Frank AW Coumans, Sabine Siesling and Leon WMM Terstappen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:283
  6. Associations between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and colorectal cancer have been reported previously but few studies have characterized PAH exposure using biological measurements. We evaluated colo...

    Authors: Jonathan N Hofmann, Linda M Liao, Paul T Strickland, Xiao-Ou Shu, Gong Yang, Bu-Tian Ji, Hong-Lan Li, Nathaniel Rothman, Farin Kamangar, Yu-Tang Gao, Wei Zheng and Wong-Ho Chow
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:282
  7. A dramatic increase in the incidence of the diffuse form of gastric adenocarcinomas and particularly signet ring cell carcinomas has been observed in Western countries. Evidence is accruing that signet ring ce...

    Authors: Guillaume Piessen, Mathieu Messager, Karine Le Malicot, William B Robb, Frédéric Di Fiore, Marie Guilbert, Marie Moreau, Véronique Christophe, Antoine Adenis and Christophe Mariette
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:281
  8. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA molecules that act as regulators of gene expression. Circulating blood miRNAs offer great potential as cancer biomarkers. The objective of this study was to correla...

    Authors: Fung Lin Yong, Chee Wei Law and Chee Woon Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:280
  9. Current standard for most of the locally advanced rectal cancers is preoperative chemoradiotherapy, and, variably per institution, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Short-course preoperative radiation with ...

    Authors: Per J Nilsson, Boudewijn van Etten, Geke AP Hospers, Lars Påhlman, Cornelis JH van de Velde, Regina GH Beets-Tan, Lennart Blomqvist, Jannet C Beukema, Ellen Kapiteijn, Corrie AM Marijnen, Iris D Nagtegaal, Theo Wiggers and Bengt Glimelius
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:279
  10. Diffusely reflected light is influenced by cytologic and morphologic changes that take place during tissue transformation, such as, nuclear changes, extracellular matrix structure and composition as well as bl...

    Authors: Manju M Stephen, Jayaraj L Jayanthi, Nisha G Unni, Philip E Kolady, Valappil T Beena, Panniyammakal Jeemon and Narayanan Subhash
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:278
  11. p53 (encoded by TP53) is involved in DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, aging and cellular senescence. TP53 is mutated in around 50% of human cancers. Nevertheless, the consequences of p53 inact...

    Authors: Arantza Fariña Sarasqueta, Giusi Irma Forte, Wim E Corver, Noel F de Miranda, Dina Ruano, Ronald van Eijk, Jan Oosting, Rob AEM Tollenaar, Tom van Wezel and Hans Morreau
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:277
  12. The editors of BMC Cancer would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 12 (2012).

    Authors: Christna Chap
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:186
  13. It is not known whether children with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have an infection risk similar to non- APL acute myeloid leukemia. The objective was to describe infectious risk in children with newly ...

    Authors: Sonia Cellot, Donna Johnston, David Dix, Marie-Chantal Ethier, Biljana Gillmeister, David Mitchell, Rochelle Yanofsky, Victor Lewis, Carol Portwine, Victoria Price, Shayna Zelcer, Mariana Silva, Lynette Bowes, Bruno Michon, Kent Stobart, Josee Brossard…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:276
  14. Early detection and risk assessment are crucial for treating urothelial cancer (UC), which is characterized by a high recurrence rate, and necessitates frequent and invasive monitoring. We aimed to establish d...

    Authors: Yoshitomo Chihara, Yae Kanai, Hiroyuki Fujimoto, Kokichi Sugano, Kiyotaka Kawashima, Gangning Liang, Peter A Jones, Kiyohide Fujimoto, Hiroki Kuniyasu and Yoshihiko Hirao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:275
  15. NOTCH1 PEST domain mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia have recently been shown to be of prognostic relevance. Both NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 are constitutively activated in B-cell CLL but not expressed in normal ...

    Authors: Kerstin Willander, Ravi Kumar Dutta, Jonas Ungerbäck, Rebeqa Gunnarsson, Gunnar Juliusson, Mats Fredrikson, Mats Linderholm and Peter Söderkvist
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:274
  16. Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used in the chemotherapy of breast cancer and as a preventive agent against recurrence after surgery. However, extended TAM administration for breast cancer induces increased VEGF lev...

    Authors: B N Prashanth Kumar, Shashi Rajput, Kaushik Kumar Dey, Aditya Parekh, Subhasis Das, Abhijit Mazumdar and Mahitosh Mandal
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:273
  17. Exercise seems to minimize prostate cancer specific mortality risk and treatment related side effects like fatigue and incontinence. However the influence of physical activity on the immunological level remain...

    Authors: Philipp Zimmer, Elke Jäger, Wilhelm Bloch, Eva Maria Zopf and Freerk T Baumann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:272
  18. Cancer–testis antigens (CTA) comprise a family of proteins, which are physiologically expressed in adult human tissues solely in testicular germ cells and occasionally placenta. However, CTA expression has bee...

    Authors: Dimitrios Balafoutas, Axel zur Hausen, Sebastian Mayer, Marc Hirschfeld, Markus Jaeger, Dominik Denschlag, Gerald Gitsch, Achim Jungbluth and Elmar Stickeler
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:271
  19. The increasing number of individuals living with cancer has led to a focus on the quality of life of survivors, and their families. Sexual wellbeing is a central component of quality of life, with a growing bo...

    Authors: Janette Perz, Jane M Ussher and Emilee Gilbert
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:270
  20. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) often develops decades following exposure to asbestos. Current best therapy produces a response in only half of patients, and the median survival with this therapy remains ...

    Authors: Ren Liu, Benjamin D Ferguson, Yue Zhou, Kranthi Naga, Ravi Salgia, Parkash S Gill and Valery Krasnoperov
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:269
  21. Defects in tight junctions, gate-keepers of the integrity of the epidermal barrier function, are known to contribute to cancer development. As such, enhancing our understanding of how the expression of protein...

    Authors: Anne A Blanchard, Xiuli Ma, Kevin J Dueck, Carla Penner, Steven C Cooper, Drew Mulhall, Leigh C Murphy, Etienne Leygue and Yvonne Myal
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:268
  22. Molecular targeted therapy has emerged as a promising treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One potential target is the Src family Kinase (SFK). C-Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase is a critical link ...

    Authors: Alex Y Chang and Miao Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:267
  23. Thermoablation is used to treat patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). We analyze clinical outcome, proteome kinetics and angiogenic markers in patients treated by cryosurgical ablation...

    Authors: Marieke WJLAE Wertenbroek, Marianne Schepers, Hannetta J Kamminga-Rasker, Jan T Bottema, Anneke C Muller Kobold, Han Roelofsen and Koert P de Jong
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:266
  24. Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1 or L1), the most abundant and only autonomously active family of non-LTR retrotransposons in the human genome, expressed not only in the germ lines but also in somat...

    Authors: Gangshi Wang, Jie Gao, Haili Huang, Yu Tian, Liyan Xue, Weihua Wang, Weidi You, Hongwei Lian, Xiaojian Duan, Benyan Wu and Mengwei Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:265
  25. Metronomic chemotherapy is considered an anti-angiogenic therapy that involves chronic administration of low-dose chemotherapy at regular short intervals. We investigated the optimal metronomic dose of oral vi...

    Authors: Evangelos Briasoulis, Gerasimos Aravantinos, George Kouvatseas, Periklis Pappas, Eirini Biziota, Ioannis Sainis, Thomas Makatsoris, Ioannis Varthalitis, Ioannis Xanthakis, Antonios Vassias, George Klouvas, Ioannis Boukovinas, George Fountzilas, Kostantinos N Syrigos, Haralambos Kalofonos and Epaminontas Samantas
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:263
  26. The EML4–ALK (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 gene and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene) fusion oncogene represents a novel molecular target in a small subset of non–small–cell lung cancers (N...

    Authors: Akihiko Miyanaga, Kumi Shimizu, Rintaro Noro, Masahiro Seike, Kazuhiro Kitamura, Seiji Kosaihira, Yuji Minegishi, Takehito Shukuya, Akinobu Yoshimura, Masashi Kawamoto, Shinichi Tsuchiya, Koichi Hagiwara, Manabu Soda, Kengo Takeuchi, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Mano…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:262
  27. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are expressed ubiquitously. Each of the four families of CAMs is comprised of glycosylated, membrane-bound proteins that participate in multiple cellular processes including cell...

    Authors: Joseph M Feduska, Patrick L Garcia, Stephanie B Brennan, Su Bu, Leona N Council and Karina J Yoon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:261
  28. The role of tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A in the esophageal and gastric cardia carcinogenesis is still inconclusive. In this study, the polymorphism, promoter methylation and gene expression of RASSF1A were chara...

    Authors: Sheng Li Zhou, Juan Cui, Zong Min Fan, Xue Min Li, Ji Lin Li, Bao Chi Liu, Dong Yun Zhang, Hong Yan Liu, Xue Ke Zhao, Xin Song, Ran Wang, Ze Chen Yan, Hui Xing Yi and Li Dong Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:259
  29. Our previous studies have suggested that the primary impact of immune cell infiltration into the normal or pre-invasive tissue component is associated with the physical destruction of epithelial capsules, whic...

    Authors: Hongyan Yuan, Yi-Hsuan Hsiao, Yiyu Zhang, Jinlian Wang, Chao Yin, Rong Shen and Yiping Su
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:258
  30. Both dietary and serum levels of inorganic phosphate (Pi) have been linked to development of cancer in experimental studies. This is the first population-based study investigating the relation between serum Pi...

    Authors: Wahyu Wulaningsih, Karl Michaelsson, Hans Garmo, Niklas Hammar, Ingmar Jungner, Göran Walldius, Lars Holmberg and Mieke Van Hemelrijck
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:257
  31. Lapatinib is characterized as an ErbB1/ErbB2 dual inhibitor and has recently been approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In this study, we examined mechanisms associated with enhancing the act...

    Authors: N Winston West, Aileen Garcia-Vargas, Charles E Chalfant and Margaret A Park
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:256
  32. High-grade (WHO grade III and IV) astrocytomas are aggressive malignant brain tumors affecting humans with a high risk of recurrence in both children and adults. To date, limited information is available on th...

    Authors: Sara Tomaselli, Federica Galeano, Luca Massimi, Concezio Di Rocco, Libero Lauriola, Angela Mastronuzzi, Franco Locatelli and Angela Gallo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:255
  33. High serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its role as a predictive marker of treatme...

    Authors: Oscar Arrieta, Cynthia Villarreal-Garza, Luis Martínez-Barrera, Marcelino Morales, Yuzmiren Dorantes-Gallareta, Omar Peña-Curiel, Susana Contreras-Reyes, Eleazar Omar Macedo-Pérez and Jorge Alatorre-Alexander
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:254
  34. Estrogen metabolism-mediated oxidative stress is suggested to play an important role in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. We have earlier demonstrated that antioxidants, vitamin C (Vit C) and butylated h...

    Authors: Bhupendra Singh, Anwesha Chatterjee, Amruta M Ronghe, Nimee K Bhat and Hari K Bhat
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:253
  35. Aneuploidy is a feature of most cancer cells that is often accompanied by an elevated rate of chromosome mis-segregation termed chromosome instability (CIN). While CIN can act as a driver of cancer genome evol...

    Authors: Hee-Sheung Lee, Nicholas CO Lee, Brenda R Grimes, Alexander Samoshkin, Artem V Kononenko, Ruchi Bansal, Hiroshi Masumoto, William C Earnshaw, Natalay Kouprina and Vladimir Larionov
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:252
  36. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), elevated in tumor cells, catalyzes the first reaction in the pentose-phosphate pathway. The regulation mechanism of G6PD and pathological change in human melanoma grow...

    Authors: Tao Hu, Chunhua Zhang, Qiongling Tang, Yanan Su, Bo Li, Long Chen, Zheng Zhang, Tianchi Cai and Yuechun Zhu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:251
  37. Targeting signaling pathways is an attractive approach in many malignancies. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is activated in a number of human neoplasms, accompanied by lower overall and/or disease free survival. mT...

    Authors: Ágnes Márk, Melinda Hajdu, Zsófia Váradi, Tamás Béla Sticz, Noémi Nagy, Judit Csomor, Lajos Berczi, Viktória Varga, Monika Csóka, László Kopper and Anna Sebestyén
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:250
  38. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a proliferation biomarker that has been found useful for prognostication in cancer patients. Here we investigate for the first time the use of TK1 expression as a prognostic factor ...

    Authors: Gang Chen, Cheng He, Ling Li, An Lin, Xiongwei Zheng, Ellen He and Sven Skog
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:249
  39. Recombinant human endostatin (rh-endostatin) is a novel antiangiogenesis drug developed in China. Previous experiments have shown that rh-endostatin can inhibit the proliferation and migration of endothelial c...

    Authors: Jianghao Chen, Qing Yao, Dong Li, Juliang Zhang, Ting Wang, Ming Yu, Xiaodong Zhou, Yi Huan, Jing Wang and Ling Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:248
  40. The Follicle Stimulating Hormone receptor (FSHR) is expressed by the vascular endothelium in a wide range of human tumors. It was not determined however if FSHR is present in metastases which are responsible f...

    Authors: Ahsan Siraj, Virginie Desestret, Martine Antoine, Gaëlle Fromont, Michel Huerre, Marc Sanson, Philippe Camparo, Christophe Pichon, François Planeix, Julie Gonin, Aurelian Radu and Nicolae Ghinea
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:246
  41. High-grade osteosarcoma is an aggressive tumor most often developing in the long bones of adolescents, with a second peak in the 5th decade of life. Better knowledge on cellular signaling in this tumor may ide...

    Authors: Marieke L Kuijjer, Elisabeth FP Peterse, Brendy EWM van den Akker, Inge H Briaire-de Bruijn, Massimo Serra, Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda, Ola Myklebost, A Bassim Hassan, Pancras CW Hogendoorn and Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:245
  42. The prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Spain is heterogeneous and varies according to geographical origin of studied families. The contribution of these mutations to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer h...

    Authors: Pilar Blay, Iñigo Santamaría, Ana S Pitiot, María Luque, Marta G Alvarado, Ana Lastra, Yolanda Fernández, Ángeles Paredes, José MP Freije and Milagros Balbín
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:243
  43. Gallbladder toxicity, including cholecystitis, has been reported with motesanib, an orally administered small-molecule antagonist of VEGFRs 1, 2 and 3; PDGFR; and Kit. We assessed effects of motesanib on gallb...

    Authors: Lee S Rosen, Lara Lipton, Timothy J Price, Neil D Belman, Ralph V Boccia, Herbert I Hurwitz, Joe J Stephenson Jr, Lori J Wirth, Sheryl McCoy, Yong-jiang Hei, Cheng-Pang Hsu and Niall C Tebbutt
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:242
  44. Chemotherapy with trastuzumab is widely used for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer, but a significant number of patients with the tumor fail to respond, or r...

    Authors: Mamoru Takada, Toru Higuchi, Katsunori Tozuka, Hiroyuki Takei, Masayuki Haruta, Junko Watanabe, Fumio Kasai, Kenichi Inoue, Masafumi Kurosumi, Masaru Miyazaki, Aiko Sato-Otsubo, Seishi Ogawa and Yasuhiko Kaneko
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:241
  45. Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) improves survival among patients with operable breast cancer. However, the effect of delay in AC initiation on survival is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis...

    Authors: Ke-Da Yu, Sheng Huang, Jia-Xin Zhang, Guang-Yu Liu and Zhi-Ming Shao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:240
  46. After the failure of a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (nsAI) for postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC), it is unclear which of various kinds of endocrine therapy is the most appropriat...

    Authors: Yutaka Yamamoto, Takashi Ishikawa, Yasuo Hozumi, Masahiko Ikeda, Hiroji Iwata, Hiroko Yamashita, Tatsuya Toyama, Takashi Chishima, Shigehira Saji, Mutsuko Yamamoto-Ibusuki and Hirotaka Iwase
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:239

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