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  1. Diffusely reflected light is influenced by cytologic and morphologic changes that take place during tissue transformation, such as, nuclear changes, extracellular matrix structure and composition as well as bl...

    Authors: Manju M Stephen, Jayaraj L Jayanthi, Nisha G Unni, Philip E Kolady, Valappil T Beena, Panniyammakal Jeemon and Narayanan Subhash
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:278
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. p53 (encoded by TP53) is involved in DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, aging and cellular senescence. TP53 is mutated in around 50% of human cancers. Nevertheless, the consequences of p53 inact...

    Authors: Arantza Fariña Sarasqueta, Giusi Irma Forte, Wim E Corver, Noel F de Miranda, Dina Ruano, Ronald van Eijk, Jan Oosting, Rob AEM Tollenaar, Tom van Wezel and Hans Morreau
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:277
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. The editors of BMC Cancer would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 12 (2012).

    Authors: Christna Chap
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:186
    Content type: Reviewer acknowledgement Published on:

  4. It is not known whether children with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have an infection risk similar to non- APL acute myeloid leukemia. The objective was to describe infectious risk in children with newly ...

    Authors: Sonia Cellot, Donna Johnston, David Dix, Marie-Chantal Ethier, Biljana Gillmeister, David Mitchell, Rochelle Yanofsky, Victor Lewis, Carol Portwine, Victoria Price, Shayna Zelcer, Mariana Silva, Lynette Bowes, Bruno Michon, Kent Stobart, Josee Brossard…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:276
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Early detection and risk assessment are crucial for treating urothelial cancer (UC), which is characterized by a high recurrence rate, and necessitates frequent and invasive monitoring. We aimed to establish d...

    Authors: Yoshitomo Chihara, Yae Kanai, Hiroyuki Fujimoto, Kokichi Sugano, Kiyotaka Kawashima, Gangning Liang, Peter A Jones, Kiyohide Fujimoto, Hiroki Kuniyasu and Yoshihiko Hirao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:275
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  6. NOTCH1 PEST domain mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia have recently been shown to be of prognostic relevance. Both NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 are constitutively activated in B-cell CLL but not expressed in normal ...

    Authors: Kerstin Willander, Ravi Kumar Dutta, Jonas Ungerbäck, Rebeqa Gunnarsson, Gunnar Juliusson, Mats Fredrikson, Mats Linderholm and Peter Söderkvist
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:274
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used in the chemotherapy of breast cancer and as a preventive agent against recurrence after surgery. However, extended TAM administration for breast cancer induces increased VEGF lev...

    Authors: B N Prashanth Kumar, Shashi Rajput, Kaushik Kumar Dey, Aditya Parekh, Subhasis Das, Abhijit Mazumdar and Mahitosh Mandal
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:273
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Exercise seems to minimize prostate cancer specific mortality risk and treatment related side effects like fatigue and incontinence. However the influence of physical activity on the immunological level remain...

    Authors: Philipp Zimmer, Elke Jäger, Wilhelm Bloch, Eva Maria Zopf and Freerk T Baumann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:272
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  9. Cancer–testis antigens (CTA) comprise a family of proteins, which are physiologically expressed in adult human tissues solely in testicular germ cells and occasionally placenta. However, CTA expression has bee...

    Authors: Dimitrios Balafoutas, Axel zur Hausen, Sebastian Mayer, Marc Hirschfeld, Markus Jaeger, Dominik Denschlag, Gerald Gitsch, Achim Jungbluth and Elmar Stickeler
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:271
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The increasing number of individuals living with cancer has led to a focus on the quality of life of survivors, and their families. Sexual wellbeing is a central component of quality of life, with a growing bo...

    Authors: Janette Perz, Jane M Ussher and Emilee Gilbert
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:270
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) often develops decades following exposure to asbestos. Current best therapy produces a response in only half of patients, and the median survival with this therapy remains ...

    Authors: Ren Liu, Benjamin D Ferguson, Yue Zhou, Kranthi Naga, Ravi Salgia, Parkash S Gill and Valery Krasnoperov
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:269
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Defects in tight junctions, gate-keepers of the integrity of the epidermal barrier function, are known to contribute to cancer development. As such, enhancing our understanding of how the expression of protein...

    Authors: Anne A Blanchard, Xiuli Ma, Kevin J Dueck, Carla Penner, Steven C Cooper, Drew Mulhall, Leigh C Murphy, Etienne Leygue and Yvonne Myal
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:268
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Molecular targeted therapy has emerged as a promising treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One potential target is the Src family Kinase (SFK). C-Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase is a critical link ...

    Authors: Alex Y Chang and Miao Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:267
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Thermoablation is used to treat patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). We analyze clinical outcome, proteome kinetics and angiogenic markers in patients treated by cryosurgical ablation...

    Authors: Marieke WJLAE Wertenbroek, Marianne Schepers, Hannetta J Kamminga-Rasker, Jan T Bottema, Anneke C Muller Kobold, Han Roelofsen and Koert P de Jong
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:266
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1 or L1), the most abundant and only autonomously active family of non-LTR retrotransposons in the human genome, expressed not only in the germ lines but also in somat...

    Authors: Gangshi Wang, Jie Gao, Haili Huang, Yu Tian, Liyan Xue, Weihua Wang, Weidi You, Hongwei Lian, Xiaojian Duan, Benyan Wu and Mengwei Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Metronomic chemotherapy is considered an anti-angiogenic therapy that involves chronic administration of low-dose chemotherapy at regular short intervals. We investigated the optimal metronomic dose of oral vi...

    Authors: Evangelos Briasoulis, Gerasimos Aravantinos, George Kouvatseas, Periklis Pappas, Eirini Biziota, Ioannis Sainis, Thomas Makatsoris, Ioannis Varthalitis, Ioannis Xanthakis, Antonios Vassias, George Klouvas, Ioannis Boukovinas, George Fountzilas, Kostantinos N Syrigos, Haralambos Kalofonos and Epaminontas Samantas
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The EML4–ALK (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 gene and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene) fusion oncogene represents a novel molecular target in a small subset of non–small–cell lung cancers (N...

    Authors: Akihiko Miyanaga, Kumi Shimizu, Rintaro Noro, Masahiro Seike, Kazuhiro Kitamura, Seiji Kosaihira, Yuji Minegishi, Takehito Shukuya, Akinobu Yoshimura, Masashi Kawamoto, Shinichi Tsuchiya, Koichi Hagiwara, Manabu Soda, Kengo Takeuchi, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Mano…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:262
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  19. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are expressed ubiquitously. Each of the four families of CAMs is comprised of glycosylated, membrane-bound proteins that participate in multiple cellular processes including cell...

    Authors: Joseph M Feduska, Patrick L Garcia, Stephanie B Brennan, Su Bu, Leona N Council and Karina J Yoon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:261
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The role of tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A in the esophageal and gastric cardia carcinogenesis is still inconclusive. In this study, the polymorphism, promoter methylation and gene expression of RASSF1A were chara...

    Authors: Sheng Li Zhou, Juan Cui, Zong Min Fan, Xue Min Li, Ji Lin Li, Bao Chi Liu, Dong Yun Zhang, Hong Yan Liu, Xue Ke Zhao, Xin Song, Ran Wang, Ze Chen Yan, Hui Xing Yi and Li Dong Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:259
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Our previous studies have suggested that the primary impact of immune cell infiltration into the normal or pre-invasive tissue component is associated with the physical destruction of epithelial capsules, whic...

    Authors: Hongyan Yuan, Yi-Hsuan Hsiao, Yiyu Zhang, Jinlian Wang, Chao Yin, Rong Shen and Yiping Su
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Both dietary and serum levels of inorganic phosphate (Pi) have been linked to development of cancer in experimental studies. This is the first population-based study investigating the relation between serum Pi...

    Authors: Wahyu Wulaningsih, Karl Michaelsson, Hans Garmo, Niklas Hammar, Ingmar Jungner, Göran Walldius, Lars Holmberg and Mieke Van Hemelrijck
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:257
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Lapatinib is characterized as an ErbB1/ErbB2 dual inhibitor and has recently been approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In this study, we examined mechanisms associated with enhancing the act...

    Authors: N Winston West, Aileen Garcia-Vargas, Charles E Chalfant and Margaret A Park
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. High-grade (WHO grade III and IV) astrocytomas are aggressive malignant brain tumors affecting humans with a high risk of recurrence in both children and adults. To date, limited information is available on th...

    Authors: Sara Tomaselli, Federica Galeano, Luca Massimi, Concezio Di Rocco, Libero Lauriola, Angela Mastronuzzi, Franco Locatelli and Angela Gallo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:255
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. High serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its role as a predictive marker of treatme...

    Authors: Oscar Arrieta, Cynthia Villarreal-Garza, Luis Martínez-Barrera, Marcelino Morales, Yuzmiren Dorantes-Gallareta, Omar Peña-Curiel, Susana Contreras-Reyes, Eleazar Omar Macedo-Pérez and Jorge Alatorre-Alexander
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Estrogen metabolism-mediated oxidative stress is suggested to play an important role in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. We have earlier demonstrated that antioxidants, vitamin C (Vit C) and butylated h...

    Authors: Bhupendra Singh, Anwesha Chatterjee, Amruta M Ronghe, Nimee K Bhat and Hari K Bhat
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Aneuploidy is a feature of most cancer cells that is often accompanied by an elevated rate of chromosome mis-segregation termed chromosome instability (CIN). While CIN can act as a driver of cancer genome evol...

    Authors: Hee-Sheung Lee, Nicholas CO Lee, Brenda R Grimes, Alexander Samoshkin, Artem V Kononenko, Ruchi Bansal, Hiroshi Masumoto, William C Earnshaw, Natalay Kouprina and Vladimir Larionov
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:252
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  29. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), elevated in tumor cells, catalyzes the first reaction in the pentose-phosphate pathway. The regulation mechanism of G6PD and pathological change in human melanoma grow...

    Authors: Tao Hu, Chunhua Zhang, Qiongling Tang, Yanan Su, Bo Li, Long Chen, Zheng Zhang, Tianchi Cai and Yuechun Zhu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:251
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Targeting signaling pathways is an attractive approach in many malignancies. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is activated in a number of human neoplasms, accompanied by lower overall and/or disease free survival. mT...

    Authors: Ágnes Márk, Melinda Hajdu, Zsófia Váradi, Tamás Béla Sticz, Noémi Nagy, Judit Csomor, Lajos Berczi, Viktória Varga, Monika Csóka, László Kopper and Anna Sebestyén
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a proliferation biomarker that has been found useful for prognostication in cancer patients. Here we investigate for the first time the use of TK1 expression as a prognostic factor ...

    Authors: Gang Chen, Cheng He, Ling Li, An Lin, Xiongwei Zheng, Ellen He and Sven Skog
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Recombinant human endostatin (rh-endostatin) is a novel antiangiogenesis drug developed in China. Previous experiments have shown that rh-endostatin can inhibit the proliferation and migration of endothelial c...

    Authors: Jianghao Chen, Qing Yao, Dong Li, Juliang Zhang, Ting Wang, Ming Yu, Xiaodong Zhou, Yi Huan, Jing Wang and Ling Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:248
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The Follicle Stimulating Hormone receptor (FSHR) is expressed by the vascular endothelium in a wide range of human tumors. It was not determined however if FSHR is present in metastases which are responsible f...

    Authors: Ahsan Siraj, Virginie Desestret, Martine Antoine, Gaëlle Fromont, Michel Huerre, Marc Sanson, Philippe Camparo, Christophe Pichon, François Planeix, Julie Gonin, Aurelian Radu and Nicolae Ghinea
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. High-grade osteosarcoma is an aggressive tumor most often developing in the long bones of adolescents, with a second peak in the 5th decade of life. Better knowledge on cellular signaling in this tumor may ide...

    Authors: Marieke L Kuijjer, Elisabeth FP Peterse, Brendy EWM van den Akker, Inge H Briaire-de Bruijn, Massimo Serra, Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda, Ola Myklebost, A Bassim Hassan, Pancras CW Hogendoorn and Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Spain is heterogeneous and varies according to geographical origin of studied families. The contribution of these mutations to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer h...

    Authors: Pilar Blay, Iñigo Santamaría, Ana S Pitiot, María Luque, Marta G Alvarado, Ana Lastra, Yolanda Fernández, Ángeles Paredes, José MP Freije and Milagros Balbín
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Gallbladder toxicity, including cholecystitis, has been reported with motesanib, an orally administered small-molecule antagonist of VEGFRs 1, 2 and 3; PDGFR; and Kit. We assessed effects of motesanib on gallb...

    Authors: Lee S Rosen, Lara Lipton, Timothy J Price, Neil D Belman, Ralph V Boccia, Herbert I Hurwitz, Joe J Stephenson Jr, Lori J Wirth, Sheryl McCoy, Yong-jiang Hei, Cheng-Pang Hsu and Niall C Tebbutt
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Chemotherapy with trastuzumab is widely used for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer, but a significant number of patients with the tumor fail to respond, or r...

    Authors: Mamoru Takada, Toru Higuchi, Katsunori Tozuka, Hiroyuki Takei, Masayuki Haruta, Junko Watanabe, Fumio Kasai, Kenichi Inoue, Masafumi Kurosumi, Masaru Miyazaki, Aiko Sato-Otsubo, Seishi Ogawa and Yasuhiko Kaneko
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) improves survival among patients with operable breast cancer. However, the effect of delay in AC initiation on survival is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis...

    Authors: Ke-Da Yu, Sheng Huang, Jia-Xin Zhang, Guang-Yu Liu and Zhi-Ming Shao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. After the failure of a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (nsAI) for postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC), it is unclear which of various kinds of endocrine therapy is the most appropriat...

    Authors: Yutaka Yamamoto, Takashi Ishikawa, Yasuo Hozumi, Masahiko Ikeda, Hiroji Iwata, Hiroko Yamashita, Tatsuya Toyama, Takashi Chishima, Shigehira Saji, Mutsuko Yamamoto-Ibusuki and Hirotaka Iwase
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Soy phytoestrogens, such as daidzein and its metabolite equol, have been proposed to be responsible for the low breast cancer rate in Asian women. Since the majority of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer...

    Authors: Christiana Charalambous, Chara A Pitta and Andreas I Constantinou
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Cisplatin (CDDP) is the most frequently used chemotherapeutic agent for various types of advanced cancer, including gastric cancer. However, almost all cancer cells acquire resistance against CDDP, and this ph...

    Authors: Mamoru Tanaka, Hiromi Kataoka, Shigenobu Yano, Hiromi Ohi, Keisuke Kawamoto, Takashi Shibahara, Tsutomu Mizoshita, Yoshinori Mori, Satoshi Tanida, Takeshi Kamiya and Takashi Joh
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor. Many abnormal secretion and expression of cytokines have been found in GBM, initially speculated that the occurrence of GBM may be involved in these abnorm...

    Authors: Tianbo Jin, Xiaolan Li, Jiayi Zhang, Hong Wang, Tingting Geng, Gang Li, Guodong Gao and Chao Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Epidemiological studies have shown direct associations between type 2 diabetes and obesity, both conditions associated with hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia, and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Up to 80% of ...

    Authors: Emelie Karnevi, Katarzyna Said, Roland Andersson and Ann H Rosendahl
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Genetic variations in DNA double-strand break repair genes can influence the ability of a cell to repair damaged DNA and alter an individual’s susceptibility to cancer. We studied whether polymorphisms in DNA ...

    Authors: Peng Zhao, Peng Zou, Lin Zhao, Wei Yan, Chunsheng Kang, Tao Jiang and Yongping You
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:234
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) tumor suppressor protein is a central negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade and suppresses cell survival as well as cell prolif...

    Authors: Mohan Singh, Parvesh Chaudhry, Francois Fabi and Eric Asselin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The aim of this sub-study is to explore the incidence of skin rash among advanced breast cancer(ABC) patients in a phase II trial treated with weekly nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin combination.

    Authors: Li Chen Tang, Bi Yun Wang, Si Sun, Jian Zhang, Zhen Jia, Yun Hua Lu, Geng Hong Di, Zhi Ming Shao and Xi Chun Hu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Aggressive neuroblastoma remains a significant cause of childhood cancer death despite current intensive multimodal treatment protocols. The purpose of the present work was to characterize the genetic and clin...

    Authors: Cihan Cetinkaya, Tommy Martinsson, Johanna Sandgren, Catarina Träger, Per Kogner, Jan Dumanski, Teresita Díaz de Ståhl and Fredrik Hedborg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:231
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The interplay between genetic susceptibility and carcinogenic exposure is important in the development of haematopoietic malignancies. EPHX1, NQO1 and PON1 are three genes encoding proteins directly involved in t...

    Authors: Pablo Conesa-Zamora, Javier Ruiz-Cosano, Daniel Torres-Moreno, Ignacio Español, María D Gutiérrez-Meca, Javier Trujillo-Santos, Elena Pérez-Ceballos, Rocío González-Conejero, Javier Corral, Vicente Vicente and Miguel Pérez-Guillermo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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