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  1. Research has indicated that the rs12203592 and rs872071 interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) gene polymorphisms correlate with the risk of cancer, especially skin cancer and haematological malignancies, but t...

    Authors: Songtao Wang, Qing Yan, Pin Chen, Peng Zhao and Aihua Gu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:410
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The treatment of metastatic gastric cancer is not uniform, and the prognostic factors and indications for surgery are currently unclear. This retrospective study aimed to identify the prognostic factors and cl...

    Authors: Yasuhiko Mohri, Koji Tanaka, Masaki Ohi, Susumu Saigusa, Hiromi Yasuda, Yuji Toiyama, Toshimitu Araki, Yasuhiro Inoue and Masato Kusunoki
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:409
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. The orphan receptors COUP-TF (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor) I and II are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that play distinct and critical roles in vertebrate organogenesi...

    Authors: Antoine Boudot, Gwenneg Kerdivel, Sylvain Lecomte, Gilles Flouriot, Mireille Desille, Florence Godey, Jean Leveque, Patrick Tas, Yves Le Dréan and Farzad Pakdel
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:407
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Smoking is by far the most important cause of cancer that can be modified at the individual level. Cancer incidence and mortality rates in Korea are the highest among all Asian countries, and smoking prevalenc...

    Authors: Sohee Park, Sun Ha Jee, Hai-Rim Shin, Eun Hye Park, Aesun Shin, Kyu-Won Jung, Seung-Sik Hwang, Eun Shil Cha, Young Ho Yun, Sue Kyung Park, Mathieu Boniol and Paolo Boffetta
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:406
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. After initial treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients are followed with thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements to detect recurrences. In case of elevated levels of Tg and negative neck ultrasonog...

    Authors: Jakob W Kist, Bart de Keizer, Marcel PM Stokkel, Otto S Hoekstra and Wouter V Vogel
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:405
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  6. The purpose of the PROLUCA study is to investigate the efficacy of preoperative and early postoperative rehabilitation in a non-hospital setting in patients with operable lung cancer with special focus on exer...

    Authors: Maja S Sommer, Karen Trier, Jette Vibe-Petersen, Malene Missel, Merete Christensen, Klaus R Larsen, Seppo W Langer, Carsten Hendriksen, Paul Clementsen, Jesper H Pedersen and Henning Langberg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:404
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  7. Development of escape pathways from antiangiogenic treatments was reported to be associated with enhanced tumor aggressiveness and rebound effect was suggested after treatment stop. Aim of the study was to eva...

    Authors: Sara Marinelli, Veronica Salvatore, Marco Baron Toaldo, Maddalena Milazzo, Luca Croci, Laura Venerandi, Anna Pecorelli, Chiara Palamà, Alessia Diana, Luigi Bolondi and Fabio Piscaglia
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:403
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The expression of novel oncogenic kinase (NOK), a member of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) family, has been observed in several human malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the ...

    Authors: Peng Chen, Wei-Miao Li, Qiang Lu, Jian Wang, Xiao-Long Yan, Zhi-Pei Zhang and Xiao-Fei Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:402
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Targeting cell metabolism offers promising opportunities for the development of drugs to treat cancer. We previously found that the fatty acyl-CoA synthetase VL3 (ACSVL3) is elevated in malignant brain tumor t...

    Authors: Peng Sun, Shuli Xia, Bachchu Lal, Xiaohai Shi, Kil Sung Yang, Paul A Watkins and John Laterra
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:401
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is one of the standard care regimens for patients with resectable early-stage breast cancer. It would be advantageous to determine the chemosensitivity of tumors before initiatin...

    Authors: Naoki Aomatsu, Masakazu Yashiro, Shinichiro Kashiwagi, Hidemi Kawajiri, Tsutomu Takashima, Masahiko Ohsawa, Kenichi Wakasa and Kosei Hirakawa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:400
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Leptomeningeal metastasis, which results from metastasis of tumors to the arachnoid and pia mater, can lead to the dissemination of tumor cells throughout the subarachnoid space via the cerebral spinal fluid, ...

    Authors: Zhenyu Pan, Guozi Yang, Tingting Yuan, Xiaochuan Pang, Yongxiang Wang, Limei Qu and Lihua Dong
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:399
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  12. To date only a handful of drugs are available for the treatment of melanoma. Among them vemurafenib, a BrafV600E specific inhibitor, showed promising results in terms of response rate and increase in median survi...

    Authors: Madhuri Bhandaru, Gholamreza Safaee Ardekani, Guohong Zhang, Magdalena Martinka, Kevin J McElwee, Gang Li and Anand Rotte
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:398
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Despite the excellent results obtained with hormone therapy, the long treatment period and the side effects associated with its use make patient adherence difficult. Moreover, certain aspects of health care ca...

    Authors: Claudia Brito, Margareth Crisóstomo Portela and Mauricio Teixeira Leite de Vasconcellos
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:397
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. The progression of low-risk del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia is increased when associated with mutations of TP53, or with additional chromosomal abnormalities. However, to date the progn...

    Authors: Alberto L’Abbate, Crocifissa Lo Cunsolo, Ettore Macrì, Paolo Iuzzolino, Cristina Mecucci, Claudio Doglioni, Michelina Coco, Lucia Anna Muscarella, Simona Salati, Enrico Tagliafico, Carla Minoia, Giacoma De Tullio, Attilio Guarini, Nicoletta Testoni, Claudio Agostinelli and Clelia Tiziana Storlazzi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:396
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  15. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma presents with a preference for the head and neck region, and shows a distinct aggressive behavior, with frequent local recurrences, regional and distant metastasis. The alterat...

    Authors: João Adolfo Costa Hanemann, Denise Tostes Oliveira, Suely Nonogaki, Inês Nobuko Nishimoto, Marina Lara de Carli, Gilles Landman and Luiz Paulo Kowalski
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:395
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. An imbalance between cell proliferation and programmed cell death can result in tumor growth. Although most systemic cytotoxic agents induce apoptosis in tumor cells, a high apoptotic rate in primary breast ca...

    Authors: Natalia Krawczyk, Andreas Hartkopf, Malgorzata Banys, Franziska Meier-Stiegen, Annette Staebler, Markus Wallwiener, Carmen Röhm, Juergen Hoffmann, Markus Hahn and Tanja Fehm
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:394
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Metastasis is responsible for the rapid recurrence and poor survival of malignancies. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has a critical role in metastasis. Increasing evidence indicates that EMT can be re...

    Authors: Gang Shen, Ye Lin, Xuewei Yang, Jing Zhang, Zhe Xu and Hongyun Jia
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:393
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Aspirin (ASA) use has been associated with improved breast cancer survival in several prospective studies.

    Authors: Michelle D Holmes, Henrik Olsson, Yudi Pawitan, Johanna Holm, Cecilia Lundholm, Therese M-L Andersson, Hans-Olov Adami, Johan Askling and Karin Ekström Smedby
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:391
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become the mainstay of treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but it has been unclear whether the antitumor effect of TKIs depends on the organ where the RCC ...

    Authors: Manabu Kakizoe, Masahiro Yao, Ukihide Tateishi, Ryogo Minamimoto, Daiki Ueno, Kazuhiro Namura, Kazuhide Makiyama, Narihiko Hayashi, Futoshi Sano, Takeshi Kishida, Kazuki Kobayashi, Sumio Noguchi, Ichiro Ikeda, Yoshiharu Ohgo, Masataka Taguri, Satoshi Morita…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:390
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a highly cell-selective cancer therapy, which employs monoclonal antibodies conjugated to a potent photosensitizer (mAb-IR700). Once the conjugate has bound to the target cell, expo...

    Authors: Takahito Nakajima, Kazuhide Sato, Hirofumi Hanaoka, Rira Watanabe, Toshiko Harada, Peter L Choyke and Hisataka Kobayashi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:389
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The vaccinations against human papilloma virus (HPV) are highly effective in preventing persistent infection. The level of knowledge about HPV and the consequences of an infection with this virus are low in th...

    Authors: Sophie Pils, Elmar A Joura, Max-Paul Winter, Anup Shrestha, Agnes Jaeger-Lansky and Johannes Ott
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:388
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Understanding the complex, multistep process of metastasis remains a major challenge in cancer research. Metastasis models can reveal insights in tumor development and progression and provide tools to test new...

    Authors: Jacqueline Banyard, Ivy Chung, Matthew Migliozzi, Derek T Phan, Arianne M Wilson, Bruce R Zetter and Diane R Bielenberg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:387
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Advances in the knowledge of renal neoplasms have demonstrated the implication of several proteases in their genesis, growth and dissemination. Glutamyl-aminopeptidase (GAP) (EC. 3.4.11.7) is a zinc metallopep...

    Authors: Lorena Blanco, Begoña Sanz, Itxaro Perez, Clara E Sánchez, M Luz Cándenas, Francisco M Pinto, Javier Gil, Luis Casis, José I López and Gorka Larrinaga
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:386
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) may present various behaviours that define different courses of tumor evolution. There is presently no available tool designed to assess tumor aggressiveness, despite the fa...

    Authors: Amelie Deleporte, Marianne Paesmans, Camilo Garcia, Caroline Vandeputte, Marc Lemort, Jean-Luc Engelholm, Frederic Hoerner, Philippe Aftimos, Ahmad Awada, Nicolas Charette, Godelieve Machiels, Martine Piccart, Patrick Flamen and Alain Hendlisz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:385
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  26. Persistent infection with oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with the development of cervical cancer with each genotype differing in their relative contribution to the prevalence of cervical di...

    Authors: Luigi Marongiu, Anna Godi, John V Parry and Simon Beddows
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:384
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is markedly higher in women than men during the reproductive years. In vitro studies have suggested that estrogen may play an important role in the development and ...

    Authors: Yanhong Huang, Wenwu Dong, Jing Li, Hao Zhang, Zhongyan Shan and Weiping Teng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:383
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Vitamin and mineral supplement use after a breast cancer diagnosis is common and controversial. Dosages used and the timing of initiation and/or discontinuation of supplements have not been clearly described.

    Authors: Heather Greenlee, Marilyn L Kwan, Isaac J Ergas, Garrett Strizich, Janise M Roh, Allegra T Wilson, Marion Lee, Karen J Sherman, Christine B Ambrosone, Dawn L Hershman, Alfred I Neugut and Lawrence H Kushi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:382
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. This study aims to determine cancer risks among patients with type 2 diabetes through a follow-up study on a nationwide population-based cohort that included Taiwanese diabetic patients and general population ...

    Authors: Cheng-Chieh Lin, Jen-Huai Chiang, Chia-Ing Li, Chiu-Shong Liu, Wen-Yuan Lin, Teng-Fu Hsieh and Tsai-Chung Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:381
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Humans are exposed to an array of both harmful and beneficial hormonally active compounds in the environment and through diet. Two such chemicals are Bisphenol A (BPA), a plasticizer, and genistein, a componen...

    Authors: Jun Wang, Sarah Jenkins and Coral A Lamartiniere
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:379
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. FOXO4, a member of the FOXO family of transcription factors, is currently the focus of intense study. Its role and function in gastric cancer have not been fully elucidated. The present study was aimed to inve...

    Authors: Linna Su, Xiangqiang Liu, Na Chai, Lifen Lv, Rui Wang, Xiaosa Li, Yongzhan Nie, Yongquan Shi and Daiming Fan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:378
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The hypermethylation of Alcohol dehydrogenase iron containing 1 (ADHFE1) was recently reported to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) differentiation. However, the effect of alcohol on ADHFE1 hypermethylat...

    Authors: Ji Wook Moon, Soo Kyung Lee, Yong Woo Lee, Jung Ok Lee, Nami Kim, Hye Jeong Lee, Jung Seon Seo, Jin Kim, Hyeon Soo Kim and Sun-Hwa Park
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:377
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The incidence of renal cell cancer (RCC) has been increasing for the past decade, and the 5-year survival for patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC) is rather low. Everolimus (RAD001), a new inhibitor for mammali...

    Authors: Siming Li, Yan Kong, Lu Si, Zhihong Chi, Chuanliang Cui, Xinan Sheng and Jun Guo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:376
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The identification of potential tumor markers will help improve therapeutic planning and patient management. Thrombomodulin (TM) is a sensitive urothelial marker. TM was reported to be one of the endogenous an...

    Authors: Chun-Te Wu, Ying-Hsu Chang, Paul- Yang Lin, Wen-Cheng Chen and Miao-Fen Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:375
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. There is clear evidence that nutrition and lifestyle can modify colorectal cancer risk. However, it is not clear if those factors can affect colorectal cancer treatment, recurrence, survival and quality of lif...

    Authors: Renate M Winkels, Renate C Heine-Bröring, Moniek van Zutphen, Suzanne van Harten-Gerritsen, Dieuwertje EG Kok, Fränzel JB van Duijnhoven and Ellen Kampman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:374
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  37. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies with a extremely low 5-year survival rate. Hence, the search for more effective anti-pancreatic cancer agents is urgent.

    Authors: Xing-dong Xu, Lan Yang, Li-yun Zheng, Yan-yan Pan, Zhi-fei Cao, Zhi-qing Zhang, Quan-sheng Zhou, Bo Yang and Cong Cao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:373
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2016 16:374

  38. Partial nephrectomy (PN) preserves renal function and has become the standard approach for T1a renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, there is still an ongoing debate as to which patients will actually derive gr...

    Authors: Frederik C Roos, Sandra Steffens, Kerstin Junker, Martin Janssen, Frank Becker, Gerd Wegener, Walburgis Brenner, Julie Steinestel, Thomas J Schnoeller, Mark Schrader, Rainer Hofmann, Joachim W Thüroff, Markus A Kuczyk, Heiko Wunderlich, Stefan Siemer, Arndt Hartmann…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:372
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Postmenopausal hormone therapy (HRT) and oral contraceptive (OC) use have in several studies been reported to be associated with a decreased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, data on the association betwe...

    Authors: Jenny Brändstedt, Sakarias Wangefjord, Björn Nodin, Jakob Eberhard, Karin Jirström and Jonas Manjer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:371
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, is reported to exert anti-tumor effects by upregulating the expression of the natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) ligands on tumor cells; however, the m...

    Authors: Pengfei Shi, Tao Yin, Feng Zhou, Pengfei Cui, Shanmiao Gou and Chunyou Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:370
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Although many of the recently approved genomically targeted therapies have improved outcomes for patients in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with lung adenocarcinoma, little is known about the genomic alter...

    Authors: Liyun Miao, Yongsheng Wang, Suhua Zhu, Minke Shi, Yan Li, Jingjing Ding, Jun Yang, Qing Ye, Hourong Cai, Deping Zhang, Hongbing liu and Yong Song
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:369
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Colon cancer with lymph node metastases has been considered as advanced stage and to have poor survival. We postulated that patients with solitary lymph node metastasis are a distinct subset with better colon ...

    Authors: Qingguo Li, Yuwei Wang, Guoxiang Cai, Dawei Li and Sanjun Cai
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:368
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of cervical cancer in women, which results in over 250 000 deaths per year. Presently there are two prophylactic vaccines on the market, protecting against...

    Authors: Mark Whitehead, Peter Öhlschläger, Fahad N Almajhdi, Leonor Alloza, Pablo Marzábal, Ann E Meyers, Inga I Hitzeroth and Edward P Rybicki
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:367
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is a highly diagnostic factor in discriminating malignant and benign breast masses in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). The combination of ADC and...

    Authors: Hongmin Cai, Lizhi Liu, Yanxia Peng, Yaopan Wu and Li Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:366
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. This study aims to assess the most efficient combinations of vaccination and screening coverage for the prevention of cervical cancer (CC) at different levels of expenditure in Nigeria.

    Authors: Nadia Demarteau, Imran O Morhason-Bello, Babatunde Akinwunmi and Isaac F Adewole
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:365
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The prevalence of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumourgst (GIST) who fail currently available treatments imatinib and sunitinib (third-line treatment-eligible GIST) is unknown, but is expected to be b...

    Authors: Justyna M Starczewska Amelio, Javier Cid Ruzafa, Kamal Desai, Spiros Tzivelekis, Dominic Muston, Javaria Mona Khalid, Philip Ashman and Andrew Maguire
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:364
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a tumor with sizable metastases and local recurrence. It has a worse prognosis than bladder cancer. This study was designed to investigate the urinary potential tumor...

    Authors: Chih-Ming Lu, Jen-Jie Lin, Han-Hsiang Huang, Ying-Chin Ko, Jue-Liang Hsu, Jiing-Chuan Chen, Zhong-Hao Din and Yu-Jen Wu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:363
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Data on cancers is a challenge in most developing countries. Population-based cancer registries are also not common in developing countries despite the usefulness of such registries in informing cancer prevent...

    Authors: Dennis O Laryea, Baffour Awuah, Yaw A Amoako, E Osei-Bonsu, Joslin Dogbe, Rita Larsen-Reindorf, Daniel Ansong, Kwasi Yeboah-Awudzi, Joseph K Oppong, Thomas O Konney, Kwame O Boadu, Samuel B Nguah, Nicholas A Titiloye, Nicholas O Frimpong, Fred K Awittor and Iman K Martin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:362
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. There is a body of evidence that shows a link between tumorigenesis and ribosome biogenesis. The precursor of mature 18S, 28S and 5.8S ribosomal RNAs is transcribed from the ribosomal DNA gene (rDNA), which ex...

    Authors: Maria Giulia Bacalini, Annalisa Pacilli, Cristina Giuliani, Marianna Penzo, Davide Treré, Chiara Pirazzini, Stefano Salvioli, Claudio Franceschi, Lorenzo Montanaro and Paolo Garagnani
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:361
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. IL-6 triggers oncogenic/angiogenic signals and the cytokine-dependent pro-cachexia cascade. The prognostic role of the functional IL-6 (promoter) rs1800795 and the IL-6R (receptor) rs8192284 single nucleotide pol...

    Authors: Annamaria Ruzzo, Vincenzo Catalano, Emanuele Canestrari, Elisa Giacomini, Daniele Santini, Giuseppe Tonini, Bruno Vincenzi, Giammaria Fiorentini, Mauro Magnani and Francesco Graziano
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:357
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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