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  1. Oral cancer is a major health problem worldwide. The 5-year survival rate ranges from 30-60%, and has remained unchanged in the past few decades. This is mainly due to late diagnosis and high recurrence of the...

    Authors: Catherine F Poh, J Scott Durham, Penelope M Brasher, Donald W Anderson, Kenneth W Berean, Calum E MacAulay, J Jack Lee and Miriam P Rosin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:462
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  2. Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor of lung cancer development while the current epidemiological evidence is suggestive of an increased lung cancer risk associated with alcohol consumption. Dietary...

    Authors: Chikako Kiyohara, Takahiko Horiuchi, Koichi Takayama and Yoichi Nakanishi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:459
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of hepatocarcinogenesis.

    Authors: Masashi Tatsukawa, Akinobu Takaki, Hidenori Shiraha, Kazuko Koike, Yoshiaki Iwasaki, Haruhiko Kobashi, Shin-Ichi Fujioka, Kohsaku Sakaguchi and Kazuhide Yamamoto
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:458
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. HDGF is a growth factor which is overexpressed in a wide range of tumors. Importantly, expression levels were identified as a prognostic marker in some types of cancer such as melanoma.

    Authors: Angela Sedlmaier, Nicolas Wernert, Rainer Gallitzendörfer, Mekky M Abouzied, Volkmar Gieselmann and Sebastian Franken
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:457
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Magnolol, a plant lignan isolated from the bark and seed cones of Magnolia officinalis, has been shown to have chemopreventive effects on chemically-induced skin cancer development. The objectives of this investi...

    Authors: Chandeshwari Chilampalli, Ruth Guillermo, Xiaoying Zhang, Radhey S Kaushik, Alan Young, David Zeman, Michael B Hildreth, Hesham Fahmy and Chandradhar Dwivedi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:456
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Metastatic progression due to development or enrichment of therapy-resistant tumor cells is eventually lethal. Molecular characterization of such chemotherapy resistant tumor cell clones may identify markers r...

    Authors: Geir Olav Hjortland, Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda, Klaus Beiske, Anne H Ree, Siri Tveito, Hanne Hoifodt, Per J Bohler, Knut H Hole, Ola Myklebost, Oystein Fodstad, Sigbjorn Smeland and Eivind Hovig
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:455
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  7. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-class I molecules on tumor cells have been regarded as crucial sites where cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can recognize tumor-specific antigens and are strongly associated with ant...

    Authors: Koichi Kaneko, Sumiya Ishigami, Yuko Kijima, Yawara Funasako, Munetsugu Hirata, Hiroshi Okumura, Hiroyuki Shinchi, Chihaya Koriyama, Shinichi Ueno, Heiji Yoshinaka and Shoji Natsugoe
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:454
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The prognosis of patients with recurrent, platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is poor. There is no standard treatment available. Emerging evidence suggests a major role for antiangiogenic treatm...

    Authors: Michael Eichbaum, Christine Mayer, Regina Eickhoff, Esther Bischofs, Gerhard Gebauer, Tanja Fehm, Florian Lenz, Hans-Christian Fricke, Erich Solomayer, Nikos Fersis, Marcus Schmidt, Markus Wallwiener, Andreas Schneeweiss and Christof Sohn
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:453
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  9. This study was aimed 1) to investigate the predictive value of FDG PET/CT (fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography) for histopathologic response and 2) to explore the re...

    Authors: Bhumsuk Keam, Seock-Ah Im, Youngil Koh, Sae-Won Han, Do-Youn Oh, Nariya Cho, Jee Hyun Kim, Wonshik Han, Keon Wook Kang, Woo Kyung Moon, Tae-You Kim, In Ae Park, Dong-Young Noh, June-Key Chung and Yung-Jue Bang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:452
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Oncolytic viral therapy represents an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. We previously described GLV-1h68, a modified Vaccinia Virus with exclusive tropism for tumor cells, and we ob...

    Authors: Maria Libera Ascierto, Andrea Worschech, Zhiya Yu, Sharon Adams, Jennifer Reinboth, Nanhai G Chen, Zoltan Pos, Rahul Roychoudhuri, Giovanni Di Pasquale, Davide Bedognetti, Lorenzo Uccellini, Fabio Rossano, Paolo A Ascierto, David F Stroncek, Nicholas P Restifo, Ena Wang…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:451
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Despite their well-established functional roles, histone modifications have received less attention than DNA methylation in the cancer field. In order to evaluate their importance in colorectal cancer (CRC), w...

    Authors: Stefan Enroth, Alvaro Rada-Iglesisas, Robin Andersson, Ola Wallerman, Alkwin Wanders, Lars PÃ¥hlman, Jan Komorowski and Claes Wadelius
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:450
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Gastric adenocarcinoma is rare in children and adolescents, with about 17 cases under age 21 in the world's literature. We report a case of invasive well-differentiated metastatic gastric cancer in a Brazilian...

    Authors: Edaise M da Silva, Maria Isabel W Achatz, Ghyslaine Martel-Planche, André L Montagnini, Magali Olivier, Patricia A Prolla, Pierre Hainaut and Fernando A Soares
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:449
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  13. The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is highly expressed and its gene is amplified in about 50% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas; this last feature is associated with worse prognosis. It is unknown...

    Authors: Claudio Sorio, Andrea Mafficini, Federico Furlan, Stefano Barbi, Antonio Bonora, Giorgio Brocco, Francesco Blasi, Giorgio Talamini, Claudio Bassi and Aldo Scarpa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:448
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. The dysregulation of gene expression in the TNF-TNFR superfamily has been involved in various human cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, functional polymorphisms in TNF-α and TNFRSF1...

    Authors: Xiaoxiang Guan, Zhongxin Liao, Hongxia Ma, Ji Qian, Zhensheng Liu, Xianglin Yuan, Daniel Gomez, Ritsuko Komaki, Li-E Wang and Qingyi Wei
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:447
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. It is well established that drinking alcohol raises the risk of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). However, it has not been sufficiently established as to whether or not drinking cessation subsequently r...

    Authors: Gawain A Heckley, Johan Jarl, Benedict O Asamoah and Ulf G-Gerdtham
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:446
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The mucosae of the oral cavity are different at the histological level but appear all equally exposed to common genotoxic agents. As a result of this exposure, changes in the mucosal epithelia may develop givi...

    Authors: Patrizio Castagnola, Davide Malacarne, Paola Scaruffi, Massimo Maffei, Alessandra Donadini, Emanuela Di Nallo, Simona Coco, Gian Paolo Tonini, Monica Pentenero, Sergio Gandolfo and Walter Giaretti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:445
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. In addition to breast imaging, ultrasound offers the potential for characterizing and distinguishing between benign and malignant breast tissues due to their different microstructures and material properties. ...

    Authors: Timothy E Doyle, Rachel E Factor, Christina L Ellefson, Kristina M Sorensen, Brady J Ambrose, Jeffrey B Goodrich, Vern P Hart, Scott C Jensen, Hemang Patel and Leigh A Neumayer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:444
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Nck1 and Nck2 adaptor proteins are involved in signaling pathways mediating proliferation, cytoskeleton organization and integrated stress response. Overexpression of Nck1 in fibroblasts has been shown to be o...

    Authors: Mélissa Labelle-Côté, Julie Dusseault, Salma Ismaïl, Aude Picard-Cloutier, Peter M Siegel and Louise Larose
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:443
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. This work aimed to assess the effects of the annual breast cancer awareness campaign on internet search activity, and to compare these effects with those of similar campaigns in prostate and lung cancer. We fu...

    Authors: Ronan W Glynn, John C Kelly, Norma Coffey, Karl J Sweeney and Michael J Kerin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:442
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare KSHV/HHV8-associated high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of B-cell origin, characterized by serous effusions in body cavities. Most patients are HIV-infected men w...

    Authors: Rita Ötvös, Henriette Skribek, Lorand L Kis, Annunziata Gloghini, Laszlo Markasz, Emilie Flaberg, Staffan Eksborg, Jozsef Konya, Lajos Gergely, Antonino Carbone and Laszlo Szekely
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:441
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Recent studies have reported associations of DNA repair pathway gene variants and risk of various cancers and precancerous lesions, such as chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG).

    Authors: Bernd Frank, Heiko Müller, Melanie Nicole Weck, Norman Klopp, Thomas Illig, Elke Raum and Hermann Brenner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:440
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Relapses of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) have a poor prognosis and are almost always fatal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome and toxicity of intraoperative electron beam radiati...

    Authors: Ying Gao, Zi Liu, Xi Chen, Wei Luo, Long Zhang and Juan Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:439
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. In cancer research the selection and definitions of survival endpoints are important and yet they are not used consistently. The aim of this study was to compare different survival endpoints in patients with p...

    Authors: Helgi Birgisson, Ulrik Wallin, Lars Holmberg and Bengt Glimelius
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:438
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a major cause of cancer death worldwide, which is mainly due to recurrence leading to treatment failure and patient death. Histological status of surgical margins is a cu...

    Authors: Patricia P Reis, Levi Waldron, Bayardo Perez-Ordonez, Melania Pintilie, Natalie Naranjo Galloni, Yali Xuan, Nilva K Cervigne, Giles C Warner, Antti A Makitie, Colleen Simpson, David Goldstein, Dale Brown, Ralph Gilbert, Patrick Gullane, Jonathan Irish, Igor Jurisica…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:437
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The clinical predictors of aromatase inhibitor-related arthralgia (AIA), a drug-related adverse reaction of aromatase inhibitors (AIs), remain unclear.

    Authors: Miyuki Kanematsu, Masami Morimoto, Junko Honda, Taeko Nagao, Misako Nakagawa, Masako Takahashi, Akira Tangoku and Mitsunori Sasa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:436
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Clinicians often experience extrahepatic metastases associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even if no evidence of intrahepatic recurrence after treatment is observed. We investigated the pretreatment ...

    Authors: Hyun-Mi Bae, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Yoon Jun Kim, Dae Seog Heo and Hyo-Suk Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:435
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. A single sampled faecal immunochemical test (FIT) has moderate sensitivity for colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas. Repeated FIT sampling could improve test sensitivity. The aim of the present study is to ...

    Authors: Frank A Oort, Sietze T van Turenhout, Veerle MH Coupé, René WM van der Hulst, Eric IC Wesdorp, Jochim S Terhaar sive Droste, Ilhame Ben Larbi, Shannon L Kanis, Edwin van Hengel, Anneke A Bouman, Gerrit A Meijer and Chris JJ Mulder
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:434
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), either locally advanced, metastasized (mCRC) or both, is present in a relevant proportion of patients. The chances on curation of advanced CRC are continuously improving with ...

    Authors: Irene Grossmann, Joost M Klaase, Johannes KA Avenarius, Ignace HJT de Hingh, Walter JB Mastboom and Theo Wiggers
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:433
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The phosphate ester PR-104 is rapidly converted in vivo to the alcohol PR-104A, a nitrogen mustard prodrug that is metabolised to hydroxylamine (PR-104H) and amine (PR-104M) DNA crosslinking agents by one-elec...

    Authors: Mark J McKeage, Yongchuan Gu, William R Wilson, Andrew Hill, Karen Amies, Teresa J Melink and Michael B Jameson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:432
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Serum selenium level (s-Se) has been associated with prostate cancer (PrCa) risk. We investigated the relation between s-Se, smoking and non-screening detected PrCa and explored if polymorphisms in two DNA rep...

    Authors: Birgitta Grundmark, Björn Zethelius, Hans Garmo and Lars Holmberg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:431
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Previous research suggests the therapeutic cancer vaccine L-BLP25 potentially provides a survival benefit in patients with locally advanced unresectable stage III non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). These p...

    Authors: Yi-Long Wu, Keunchil Park, Ross A Soo, Yan Sun, Karin Tyroller, David Wages, Guy Ely, James Chih-Hsin Yang and Tony Mok
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:430
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  32. The human leucine-rich, repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor (LGR) 5, also called GPR49, is a marker of stem cells in adult intestinal epithelium, stomach and hair follicles. LGR5/GPR49 is overexpresse...

    Authors: Swetlana Rot, Helge Taubert, Matthias Bache, Thomas Greither, Peter Würl, Alexander W Eckert, Johannes Schubert, Dirk Vordermark and Matthias Kappler
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:429
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1α (HNF1α) is an atypical homeodomain-containing transcription factor that transactivates liver-specific genes including albumin, α-1-antitrypsin and α- and β-fibrinogen. Biallelic in...

    Authors: Laura Pelletier, Sandra Rebouissou, Danijela Vignjevic, Paulette Bioulac-Sage and Jessica Zucman-Rossi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:427
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Patient selection for phase I trials (PIT) in oncology is challenging. A typical inclusion criterion for PIT is 'life expectancy > 3 months', however the 90 day mortality (90DM) and overall survival (OS) of pa...

    Authors: Nicole G Chau, Ana Florescu, Kelvin K Chan, Lisa Wang, Eric X Chen, Philippe Bedard, Amit M Oza and Lillian L Siu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:426
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Our previous studies have identified that miR-125b was overexpressed in type II endometrial carcinoma (EC) cells compared with type I using microRNAs microarray. Although recent studies have shown the importan...

    Authors: Feizhou Jiang, Te Liu, Yinyan He, Qin Yan, Xiaoyue Chen, Hui Wang and Xiaoping Wan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:425
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. In developed countries, the lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) is 5%, and it is the second leading cause of death from cancer. The presence of family history is a well established risk factor ...

    Authors: Deborah W Neklason, Michelle W Done, Nykole R Sargent, Ann G Schwartz, Hoda Anton-Culver, Constance A Griffin, Dennis J Ahnen, Joellen M Schildkraut, Gail E Tomlinson, Louise C Strong, Alexander R Miller, Jill E Stopfer and Randall W Burt
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:424
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Chordomas are very rare low-grade malignant bone tumors that arise from the embryonic rests of the notochord. They are characterized by slow growth and long history with frequent local relapses, and sometimes ...

    Authors: Simon G Launay, Bruno Chetaille, Fanny Medina, Delphine Perrot, Serge Nazarian, Jérôme Guiramand, Laurence Moureau-Zabotto and François Bertucci
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:423
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been associated with prognosis especially in breast cancer and have been proposed as a liquid biopsy for repeated follow up examinations. Molecular characterization of CTCs ...

    Authors: Areti Strati, Athina Markou, Cleo Parisi, Eleni Politaki, Dimitris Mavroudis, Vasilis Georgoulias and Evi Lianidou
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:422
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Neurotensin has been found to promote colon carcinogenesis in rats and mice, and proliferation of human colon carcinoma cell lines, but the mechanisms involved are not clear. We have examined signalling pathwa...

    Authors: Kristin M Müller, Ingun H Tveteraas, Monica Aasrum, John Ødegård, Mona Dawood, Olav Dajani, Thoralf Christoffersen and Dagny L Sandnes
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:421
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. HER2-positive breast cancers exhibit high rates of innate and acquired resistance to trastuzumab (TZ), a HER2-directed antibody used as a first line treatment for this disease. TZ resistance may in part be med...

    Authors: Wieslawa H Dragowska, Sherry A Weppler, Mohammed A Qadir, Ling Yan Wong, Yannick Franssen, Jennifer HE Baker, Anita I Kapanen, Guido JJ Kierkels, Dana Masin, Andrew I Minchinton, Karen A Gelmon and Marcel B Bally
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:420
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Insufficient migration and activation of tumor specific effector T cells in the tumor is one of the main reasons for inadequate host anti-tumor immune response. External radiation seems to induce inflammation ...

    Authors: Christoph Reissfelder, Carmen Timke, Hubertus Schmitz-Winnenthal, Nuh N Rahbari, Moritz Koch, Felix Klug, Falk Roeder, Lutz Edler, Jürgen Debus, Markus W Büchler, Philipp Beckhove, Peter E Huber and Jürgen Weitz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:419
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  43. The CD44 cell adhesion molecule is aberrantly expressed in many breast tumors and has been implicated in the metastatic process as well as in the putative cancer stem cell (CSC) compartment. We aimed to invest...

    Authors: Eleonor Olsson, Gabriella Honeth, Pär-Ola Bendahl, Lao H Saal, Sofia Gruvberger-Saal, Markus Ringnér, Johan Vallon-Christersson, Göran Jönsson, Karolina Holm, Kristina Lövgren, Mårten Fernö, Dorthe Grabau, Åke Borg and Cecilia Hegardt
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:418
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Cyclin D1 is a well-characterised cell cycle regulator with established oncogenic capabilities. Despite these properties, studies report contrasting links to tumour aggressiveness. It has previously been shown...

    Authors: Nicholas P Tobin, Andrew H Sims, Katja L Lundgren, Sophie Lehn and Göran Landberg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:417
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Cancer/testis antigens are considered potential targets for immunotherapy due to their tumor-associated expression pattern. Although recent studies have demonstrated high expression of CT45 in classical Hodgki...

    Authors: Riguel J Inaoka, Achim A Jungbluth, Otávio CG Baiocchi, Mariane CG Assis, Nicole C Hanson, Denise Frosina, Jodie Tassello, Adriana B Bortoluzzo, Antonio C Alves and Gisele WB Colleoni
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:416
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. In Australia, breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting Australian women. Inequalities in clinical and psychosocial outcomes have existed for some time, affecting particularly women from rural areas an...

    Authors: Philippa H Youl, Peter D Baade, Joanne F Aitken, Suzanne K Chambers, Gavin Turrell, Christopher Pyke and Jeffrey Dunn
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:415
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  47. The objective of this study is to assess the clinical significance and prognostic impact of extramural metastasis in colorectal carcinoma and establish an optimal categorization in the staging system.

    Authors: Hai-Bo Qiu, Gong Chen, Rajiv P Keshari, Hui-Yan Luo, Wang Fang, Miao-Zhen Qiu, Zhi-Wei Zhou and Rui-Hua Xu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:414
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to analyze the expression of dual-specif...

    Authors: Song Wu, Yong Wang, Liang Sun, Zhiling Zhang, Zhimao Jiang, Zike Qin, Hui Han, Zhuowei Liu, Xianxin Li, Aifa Tang, Yaoting Gui, Zhiming Cai and Fangjian Zhou
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:413
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Cells of most human cancers have supernumerary centrosomes. To enable an accurate chromosome segregation and cell division, these cells developed a yet unresolved molecular mechanism, clustering their extra ce...

    Authors: Asher Castiel, Leonid Visochek, Leonid Mittelman, Françoise Dantzer, Shai Izraeli and Malka Cohen-Armon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:412
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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