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  1. Colon cancer arises from the accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations to normal colonic tissue. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding regulatory RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate ...

    Authors: Aaron L Sarver, Amy J French, Pedro M Borralho, Venugopal Thayanithy, Ann L Oberg, Kevin AT Silverstein, Bruce W Morlan, Shaun M Riska, Lisa A Boardman, Julie M Cunningham, Subbaya Subramanian, Liang Wang, Tom C Smyrk, Cecilia MP Rodrigues, Stephen N Thibodeau and Clifford J Steer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:401
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may influence individual variation in DNA repair capacity, which may be associated with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to the exposure of aflatoxin B1 ...

    Authors: Xi Dai Long, Yun Ma, Yun Feng Zhou, Jin Guang Yao, Fu Zhi Ban, Yong Zhi Huang and Bing Cheng Huang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:400
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Drug resistance is a primary hindrance for the efficiency of chemotherapy against osteosarcoma. Although chemotherapy has improved the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients dramatically after introduction of neo-...

    Authors: Michiro Susa, Arun K Iyer, Keinosuke Ryu, Francis J Hornicek, Henry Mankin, Mansoor M Amiji and Zhenfeng Duan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:399
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Etoposide is currently one of the most commonly used antitumor drugs. The mechanisms of action proposed for its antitumor activity are based mainly on its interaction with topoisomerase II. Etoposide effects i...

    Authors: Emilio Rojas, Patricia Mussali, Efrain Tovar and Mahara Valverde
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:398
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes may influence response to oxidative stress and modify prostate cancer (PCA) susceptibility. These enzymes generally detoxify endogenous and exogenous agents,...

    Authors: Nicole A Lavender, Marnita L Benford, Tiva T VanCleave, Guy N Brock, Rick A Kittles, Jason H Moore, David W Hein and La Creis R Kidd
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:397
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Head and Neck Cancer neoplasm virtual biorepository is a bioinformatics-supported system to incorporate data from various clinical, pathological, and m...

    Authors: Waqas Amin, Hyunseok P Kang, Ann Marie Egloff, Harpreet Singh, Kerry Trent, Jennifer Ridge-Hetrick, Raja R Seethala, Jennifer Grandis and Anil V Parwani
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:396
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  7. The strong association between aberrant HDAC activity and the occurrence of cancer has led to the development of a variety of HDAC inhibitors (HDIs), which emerge as promising new targeted anticancer therapeut...

    Authors: Annika Lehmann, Carsten Denkert, Jan Budczies, Ann-Christin Buckendahl, Silvia Darb-Esfahani, Aurelia Noske, Berit Maria Müller, Marcus Bahra, Peter Neuhaus, Manfred Dietel, Glen Kristiansen and Wilko Weichert
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:395
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. B7-H4, a co-inhibitory molecule of the B7 family, can restrain T cell proliferation, cytokine secretion and the development of cytotoxicity. B7-H4 is expressed in tumor tissues at a higher level than in normal...

    Authors: Jie Zhang, Mingyan Zhang, Wei Jiang, Lihong Wang, Zhenkun Fu, Dalin Li, Da Pang and Dianjun Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:394
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Chondroblastoma is a benign cartilaginous tumour of bone that predominantly affects the epiphysis of long bones in young males. No recurrent chromosomal re-arrangements have so far been observed. Methods: We i...

    Authors: Salvatore Romeo, Karoly Szuhai, Isao Nishimori, Marije Ijszenga, Pauline Wijers-Koster, Antonie HM Taminiau and Pancras CW Hogendoorn
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:393
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Although tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising agent for human cancer therapy, prostate cancer still remains resistant to TRAIL. Both X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (X...

    Authors: Yao Dai, Meilan Liu, Wenhua Tang, Yongming Li, Jiqin Lian, Theodore S Lawrence and Liang Xu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:392
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Information on the biology of metastasis development in salivary gland tumors is scarce. Since angiogenesis seems associated with this phenomenon in other tumors, we sought to compare salivary gland tumors wit...

    Authors: Sergio V Cardoso, Kelen Christine N Souza, Paulo R Faria, Ana Lucia A Eisenberg, Fernando L Dias and Adriano M Loyola
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:391
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Recent evidence suggests that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) expression is induced in many types of human cancer, while detection of its complex with matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is co...

    Authors: Xeni Provatopoulou, Antonia Gounaris, Eleni Kalogera, Flora Zagouri, Ioannis Flessas, Evgenios Goussetis, Afroditi Nonni, Ioannis Papassotiriou and George Zografos
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:390
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Surgical resection is one important curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the prognosis following surgery differs substantially and such large variation is mainly unexplained. A review of ...

    Authors: Ke Hao, John M Luk, Nikki PY Lee, Mao Mao, Chunsheng Zhang, Mark D Ferguson, John Lamb, Hongyue Dai, Irene O Ng, Pak C Sham and Ronnie TP Poon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:389
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas are highly vascularized and may be sensitive to drugs administered on a metronomic schedule that has shown antiangiogenic properties. A phase II study was designed...

    Authors: Maria P Brizzi, Alfredo Berruti, Anna Ferrero, Enrica Milanesi, Marco Volante, Federico Castiglione, Nadia Birocco, Sebastiano Bombaci, Davide Perroni, Benedetta Ferretti, Oscar Alabiso, Libero Ciuffreda, Oscar Bertetto, Mauro Papotti and Luigi Dogliotti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:388
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Thyroid carcinomas show a high prevalence of mutations in the oncogene BRAF which are inversely associated with RAS or RET/PTC oncogenic activation. The possibility of using inhibitors on the BRAF pathway as b...

    Authors: Ana Preto, Joana Gonçalves, Ana P Rebocho, Joana Figueiredo, Ana M Meireles, Ana S Rocha, Helena M Vasconcelos, Hugo Seca, Raquel Seruca, Paula Soares and Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:387
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Her2/neu is overexpressed in various human cancers of epithelial origin and is associated with increased metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Several attempts have been made using the extracellular domain ...

    Authors: Alexios Dimitriadis, Chrysanthi Gontinou, Constantin N Baxevanis and Avgi Mamalaki
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:386
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Egr-1 (early growth response-1 transcription factor) has been proposed to be involved in invasion and metastasis processes of human bladder cancer, but Egr-1 protein expression levels in human bladder cancer h...

    Authors: Frederikke Lihme Egerod, Annette Bartels, Niels Fristrup, Michael Borre, Torben F Ørntoft, Martin B Oleksiewicz, Nils Brünner and Lars Dyrskjøt
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:385
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and membrane cofactor protein (MCP) are the key molecules involved in cell protection against autologus complement, which restricts the action of complement at critical stages o...

    Authors: Ling-Juan Gao, Shu-Yu Guo, You-Qun Cai, Ping-Qing Gu, Ya-Juan Su, Hui Gong, Yun Liu and Chen Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:384
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are classified as seminonas or non-seminomas of which a major subset is embryonal carcinoma (EC) that can differentiate into diverse tissues. The pluripotent nature of human...

    Authors: Grace E Snow, Allison C Kasper, Alexander M Busch, Elisabeth Schwarz, Katherine E Ewings, Thomas Bee, Michael J Spinella, Ethan Dmitrovsky and Sarah J Freemantle
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:383
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Loss of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) in humans, mainly due to mutations in the hMLH1 gene, is linked to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Because not all MLH1 alterations result in loss of MMR funct...

    Authors: Matjaz Vogelsang, Aleksandra Comino, Neja Zupanec, Petra Hudler and Radovan Komel
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:382
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Patterns in survival can provide information about the burden and severity of cancer, help uncover gaps in systemic policy and program delivery, and support the planning of enhanced cancer control systems. The...

    Authors: Alireza Sadjadi, T Gregory Hislop, Chris Bajdik, Morteza Bashash, Anahita Ghorbani, Mehdi Nouraie, Masoud Babaei, Reza Malekzadeh and Parvin Yavari
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:381
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The transient receptor potential, subfamily V, member 6 (TRPV6) is a Ca2+ selective cation channel. Several studies have shown that TRPV6 transcripts are expressed in locally advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma, me...

    Authors: Thorsten Kessler, Ulrich Wissenbach, Rainer Grobholz and Veit Flockerzi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:380
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. A genome-wide association study (GWAS), which assessed multiple ethnicities, reported an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 8q24 region and colorectal cancer risk. Although the associat...

    Authors: Keitaro Matsuo, Takeshi Suzuki, Hidemi Ito, Satoyo Hosono, Takakazu Kawase, Miki Watanabe, Kohei Shitara, Koji Komori, Yukihide Kanemitsu, Takashi Hirai, Yasushi Yatabe, Hideo Tanaka and Kazuo Tajima
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:379
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The malignant potential of serous ovarian tumors, the most common ovarian tumor subtype, varies from benign to low malignant potential (LMP) tumors to frankly invasive cancers. Given the uncertainty about the ...

    Authors: Melissa A Merritt, Peter G Parsons, Tanya R Newton, Adam C Martyn, Penelope M Webb, Adèle C Green, David J Papadimos and Glen M Boyle
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:378
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored epithelial extracellular membrane serine protease prostasin (PRSS8) is expressed abundantly in normal epithelia and essential for terminal epithelial differentia...

    Authors: Li-Mei Chen, Nicole J Verity and Karl X Chai
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:377
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of malignant death worldwide. Because young age of onset is often considered a poor prognostic factor for CRC, it is important to identify the poor outcomes...

    Authors: Chun-Chao Chang, Shung-Haur Yang, Chih-Cheng Chien, Shu-Hung Chen, Shiann Pan, Chia-Long Lee, Chih-Ming Lin, Hsiao-Lun Sun, Chi-Cheng Huang, Yih-Yiing Wu, Ruey-Neng Yang and Chi-Jung Huang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:376
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. This study is a retrospective evaluation of the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) with a vinorelbine (V) and epirubicin (E) intravenous combination regimen and is aimed at identification of predictive ...

    Authors: Ou Huang, CanMing Chen, JiaYi Wu, ShuJie Chen, XiaoSong Chen, GuangYu Liu, Zhen Hu, JingSong Lu, Jiong Wu, ZhiMin Shao, ZhenZhou Shen and KunWei Shen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:375
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that control protein expression through various mechanisms. Their altered expression has been shown to be associated with various cancers. The aim of this study was...

    Authors: Greg M Arndt, Lesley Dossey, Lara M Cullen, Angela Lai, Riki Druker, Michael Eisbacher, Chunyan Zhang, Nham Tran, Hongtao Fan, Kathy Retzlaff, Anton Bittner and Mitch Raponi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:374
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The incidence of oral and pharyngeal (including oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx) carcinoma increases rapidly in Asia and South Pacific because of betel quid chewing. Thus far, large-scale epidemiologic...

    Authors: Kuan-Der Lee, Chang-Hsien Lu, Ping-Tsung Chen, Chunghuang Hubert Chan, Jen-Tsun Lin, Cih-En Huang, Chih-Cheng Chen and Min-Chi Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:373
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Sulfasalazine, a NF-kappaB and x(c)-cystine/glutamate antiport inhibitor, has demonstrated a strong antitumoral potential in preclinical models of malignant gliomas. As it presents an excellent safety profile,...

    Authors: Pierre A Robe, Didier H Martin, Minh T Nguyen-Khac, Maria Artesi, Manuel Deprez, Adelin Albert, Sophie Vanbelle, Stephane Califice, Markus Bredel and Vincent Bours
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:372
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Homeodomain proteins control fundamental cellular processes in development and in cancer if deregulated. Three members of the NK-like subfamily of homeobox genes (NKLs), TLX1, TLX3 and NKX2-5, are implicated i...

    Authors: Stefan Nagel, Letizia Venturini, Grzegorz K Przybylski, Piotr Grabarczyk, Corinna Meyer, Maren Kaufmann, Karin Battmer, Christian A Schmidt, Hans G Drexler, Michaela Scherr and Roderick AF MacLeod
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:371
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Analysis of 23 published transcriptome studies allowed us to identify nine genes displaying frequent alterations in HNSCC (FN1, MMP1, PLAU, SPARC, IL1RN, KRT4, KRT13, MAL, and TGM3). We aimed to independently con...

    Authors: Benjamin Lallemant, Alexandre Evrard, Christophe Combescure, Heliette Chapuis, Guillaume Chambon, Caroline Raynal, Christophe Reynaud, Omar Sabra, Dominique Joubert, Frédéric Hollande, Jean-Gabriel Lallemant, Serge Lumbroso and Jean-Paul Brouillet
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:370
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Carcinoma of the thyroid gland is an uncommon cancer, but the most frequent malignancy of the endocrine system. Most thyroid cancers are derived from the follicular cell. Follicular carcinoma (FTC) is consider...

    Authors: Patricia J McLaughlin, Ian S Zagon, Sunny S Park, Andrea Conway, Renee N Donahue and David Goldenberg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:369
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Chemotherapy resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of women with ovarian cancer. Establishing predictive markers of chemoresponse would help to individualize therapy and improve survival of ovar...

    Authors: Lovisa Österberg, Kristina Levan, Karolina Partheen, Ulla Delle, Björn Olsson, Karin Sundfeldt and György Horvath
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:368
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. In Her2-positive advanced breast cancer, the upfront use of trastuzumab is well established. Upon progression on first-line therapy, patients may be switched to lapatinib. Others however remain candidates for ...

    Authors: Rupert Bartsch, Catharina De Vries, Ursula Pluschnig, Peter Dubsky, Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath, Simon P Gampenrieder, Margaretha Rudas, Robert M Mader, Andrea Rottenfusser, Christoph Wiltschke, Michael Gnant, Christoph C Zielinski and Guenther G Steger
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:367
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Aberrant activity of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins is commonly associated with HCC metastasis. Cell signaling events driven by these proteins are implicated in numerous processes that alter cancer cell beha...

    Authors: Haiyu Li, Zhenggang Ren, Xiaonan Kang, Lan Zhang, Xuefei Li, Yan Wang, Tongchun Xue, Yuefang Shen and Yinkun Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:366
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among Indian women. The current recommendations are to treat the stage IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IVA with radical radiotherapy and weekly cisplatin based chemotherapy. Howev...

    Authors: Thangarajan Rajkumar, Neelakantan Vijayalakshmi, Kesavan Sabitha, Sundersingh Shirley, Ganesharaja Selvaluxmy, Mayil Vahanan Bose and Lavanya Nambaru
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:365
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Human hemangiosarcoma (HSA) tends to have a poor prognosis; its tumorigenesis has not been elucidated, as there is a dearth of HSA clinical specimens and no experimental model for HSA. However, the incidence o...

    Authors: Atsushi Kodama, Hiroki Sakai, Satoko Matsuura, Mami Murakami, Atsuko Murai, Takashi Mori, Kouji Maruo, Tohru Kimura, Toshiaki Masegi and Tokuma Yanai
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:363
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Prostate cancer metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and distant sites but the roles of lymphatic and hematogenous pathways in metastasis are not fully understood.

    Authors: Johanna Tuomela, Maija Valta, Jani Seppänen, Kati Tarkkonen, H Kalervo Väänänen and Pirkko Härkönen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:362
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The combination therapy of interferon (IFN)-alpha and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) improved the prognosis of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To determine the molecular mechanisms of the anti-tumor a...

    Authors: Hiroshi Wada, Hiroaki Nagano, Hirofumi Yamamoto, Takehiro Noda, Masahiro Murakami, Shogo Kobayashi, Shigeru Marubashi, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Yutaka Takeda, Masahiro Tanemura, Koji Umeshita, Yuichiro Doki and Masaki Mori
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:361
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. BRCA1 gene-related tumours are more frequently estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negative with a lower prevalence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression or amplif...

    Authors: GianMaria Miolo, Vincenzo Canzonieri, Clelia De Giacomi, Lara Della Puppa, Riccardo Dolcetti, Davide Lombardi, Tiziana Perin, Simona Scalone, Andrea Veronesi and Alessandra Viel
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:360
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The DNA damage by platinum cytostatics is thought to be the main cause of their cytotoxicity. Therefore the measurement of the DNA damage induced by cis- and carboplatin should reflect the sensitivity of cance...

    Authors: Florian T Unger, Hermann A Klasen, Garri Tchartchian, Rudy L de Wilde and Irene Witte
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:359
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Monomeric Group IVB (Ti, Zr and Hf) metallocenes represent a new class of antitumor compounds. There is literature on the general biological activities of some organotin compounds. Unfortunately, there is litt...

    Authors: Michael R Roner, Charles E Carraher Jr, Kimberly Shahi, Yuki Ashida and Girish Barot
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:358
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The T antigen is a tumor-associated structure whose sialylated form (the sialyl-T antigen) involves the altered expression of sialyltransferases and has been related with worse prognosis. Since little or no in...

    Authors: Paula A Videira, Manuela Correia, Nadia Malagolini, Hélio J Crespo, Dário Ligeiro, Fernando M Calais, Helder Trindade and Fabio Dall'Olio
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:357
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs when blood clots in the leg, pelvic or other deep vein (deep vein thrombosis) with or without transport of the thrombus into the pulmonary arterial circulation (pulmonary em...

    Authors: Gareth O Griffiths, Sarah Burns, Simon I Noble, Fergus R Macbeth, David Cohen and Timothy S Maughan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:355
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  48. Biomarkers that predict clinical response, tumor recurrence or patient survival are severely lacking for most cancers, particularly for oral and pharyngeal cancer. This study examines whether gene-promoter met...

    Authors: Emanuela Taioli, Camille Ragin, Xiao-hong Wang, Jiangying Chen, Scott M Langevin, Ashley R Brown, Susanne M Gollin, Seymour Garte and Robert W Sobol
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:354
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Deregulated miRNAs are found in cancer cells and recently in blood cells of cancer patients. Due to their inherent stability miRNAs may offer themselves for blood based tumor diagnosis. Here we addressed the q...

    Authors: Andreas Keller, Petra Leidinger, Anne Borries, Anke Wendschlag, Frank Wucherpfennig, Matthias Scheffler, Hanno Huwer, Hans-Peter Lenhof and Eckart Meese
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:353
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Several genetic alterations have been demonstrated to contribute to the development and progression of melanoma. In this study, we further investigated the impact of key-regulator genes in susceptibility and p...

    Authors: Milena Casula, Antonio Muggiano, Antonio Cossu, Mario Budroni, Corrado Caracò, Paolo A Ascierto, Elena Pagani, Ignazio Stanganelli, Sergio Canzanella, MariaCristina Sini, Grazia Palomba and Giuseppe Palmieri
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:352
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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