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  1. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are some of the most abundant components of the tumour microenvironment. A recent study suggested that in some cancers, CAFs express programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), whic...

    Authors: Katsuhiro Yoshikawa, Mitsuaki Ishida, Hirotsugu Yanai, Koji Tsuta, Mitsugu Sekimoto and Tomoharu Sugie
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Liver metastasis is a significant adverse predictor of overall survival (OS) among breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk and prognostic factors of breast cancer with liver...

    Authors: Lei Ji, Lei Cheng, Xiuzhi Zhu, Yu Gao, Lei Fan and Zhonghua Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) negatively affects physical function and chemotherapy dosing, yet, clinicians infrequently document CIPN assessment and/or adhere to evidence-based CIPN manage...

    Authors: Robert Knoerl, Emanuele Mazzola, Fangxin Hong, Elahe Salehi, Nadine McCleary, Jennifer Ligibel, Kaitlen Reyes and Donna L. Berry
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) arise from hormone-producing or nervous system cells and can develop from anywhere in the body. They have heterogeneous origins from skin to gastrointestinal track and a complicat...

    Authors: Guney Isa Burak, Sonmezler Ozge, Mujde Cem, Buyukdereli Gulgun, Dogruca Yapar Zeynep and Bisgin Atil
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:234
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. It was demonstrated that multifunctional protein APE1 (Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1) is closely related to tumor immune microenvironment in a number of investigations, Meanwhile, the abundance of tumor...

    Authors: Yanping Li, Xiaolong Zhao, He Xiao, Bo Yang, Jie Liu, Wen Rao, Xiaoyan Dai, Mengxia Li, Nan Dai, Yuxin Yang and Dong Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. There is currently a lack of information on full anogenital evaluation of women with a previous history of anogenital neoplasia.

    Authors: Andreia Albuquerque, Michelle A. L. Godfrey, Carmelina Cappello, Francesca Pesola, Julie Bowring, Tamzin Cuming, Anke De Masi, Adam N. Rosenthal, Peter Sasieni and Mayura Nathan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Taking patient centeredness into account is important in healthcare. The European Cancer Consumer Quality Index (ECCQI) is a validated tool for international benchmarking of patient experiences and satisfaction.

    Authors: A. Wind, E. D. Hartman, R. R. J. P. Van Eekeren, R. P. W. F. Wijn, J. Halámková, J. Mattson, S. Siesling and W. H. van Harten
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:231
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. AURA study reported 61% objective response rate and progression-free survival of 9.6 months with osimertinib in patients with EGFR/T790M+ non-small cell lung cancer. Due to lack of real-world data, we proposed...

    Authors: Mariano Provencio, Josefa Terrasa, Pilar Garrido, Rosario García Campelo, Francisco Aparisi, Pilar Diz, David Aguiar, Carlos García-Giron, Julia Hidalgo, Carlos Aguado, Jorge García González, Emilio Esteban, Lorenzo Gómez-Aldavarí, Teresa Moran, Oscar Juan, Luís Enrique Chara…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. A recent study found an influence of organized mammography screening programmes (MSPs) on geographical and temporal variation of mastectomy rates. We aimed to quantify the effect on the example of one of the c...

    Authors: Christian Herrmann, Rudolf Morant, Esther Walser, Mohsen Mousavi and Beat Thürlimann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is an important cancer stem cell marker in gastric cancer. However, no detailed studies are available on LGR5 expression in poorly differentiated...

    Authors: Takehito Ehara, Takeshi Uehara, Tomoyuki Nakajima, Yasuhiro Kinugawa, Shota Kobayashi, Mai Iwaya, Hiroyoshi Ota and Yuji Soejima
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Although myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) – including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) – and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN)...

    Authors: K. A. Mundt, L. D. Dell, P. Boffetta, E. M. Beckett, H. N. Lynch, V. J. Desai, C. K. Lin and W. J. Thompson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:227
    Content type: Review Published on:

  13. Despite the proportion of elderly breast cancer patients has been consistently increasing, the optimal treatment modalities for this population have not been well explored. We summarized the treatment outcomes...

    Authors: Xu Liu, Dan Zheng, Yanqi Wu, Chuanxu Luo, Yu Fan, Xiaorong Zhong and Hong Zheng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Cervical cancer is preventable and remains a leading cause of avoidable death among women in the world. In a developing country, the knowledge of screening for cervical cancer behavior still very low. However,...

    Authors: Tiruneh Ararsa, Niguse Tadele, Yohannes Ayalew and Debela Gela
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:224
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Due to recent concerns about the toxicity of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) with stereotactic radiation, we assessed our institutional outcomes treating HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) with T-D...

    Authors: Matthew N. Mills, Chelsea Walker, Chetna Thawani, Afrin Naz, Nicholas B. Figura, Sergiy Kushchayev, Arnold Etame, Hsiang-Hsuan Michael Yu, Timothy J. Robinson, James Liu, Michael A. Vogelbaum, Peter A. Forsyth, Brian J. Czerniecki, Hatem H. Soliman, Hyo S. Han and Kamran A. Ahmed
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:223
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. The role of surgery for the primary tumor in breast cancer patients with bone metastases (BM) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of surgery for the primary tumor in breast c...

    Authors: Zhangheng Huang, Xin Zhou, Yuexin Tong, Lujian Zhu, Ruhan Zhao and Xiaohui Huang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:222
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Predicting the possibility of ipsilateral lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (ipsi-LLNM) was crucial to the operation plan for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This study aimed to investiga...

    Authors: Ying Zou, Huanlei Zhang, Wenfei Li, Yu Guo, Fang Sun, Yan Shi, Yan Gong, Xiudi Lu, Wei Wang and Shuang Xia
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:221
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) accounts for nearly 60% of total cases of epithelial ovarian cancer. It is the most aggressive subtype, which shows poor prognosis and low patient survival. For better ...

    Authors: Rachel Topno, Ibha Singh, Manoj Kumar and Pallavi Agarwal
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:220
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The question whether lymphocyte radiosensitivity is representative of patients’ response to radiotherapy (RT) remains unsolved. We analyzed lymphocyte cytogenetic damage in patients who were homogeneously trea...

    Authors: Leif Hendrik Dröge, Steffen Hennies, Stephan Lorenzen, Lena-Christin Conradi, Henriette Quack, Torsten Liersch, Christian Helms, Miriam Alice Frank, Markus Anton Schirmer, Margret Rave-Fränk, Tim Beißbarth and Hendrik Andreas Wolff
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:219
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. In Korea, where gastric cancer is highly prevalent, biennial endoscopy is recommended among individuals over 40. Even under regular screening, some are still diagnosed at advanced stages. We aimed to identify ...

    Authors: Joo Hyun Lim, Ji Hyun Song, Su Jin Chung, Goh Eun Chung and Joo Sung Kim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:218
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Certain sequences of genomic mutations can lead to cancer formation and affect treatment outcomes and drug resistance. We constructed a cancer evolutionary tree using bulk-targeted deep sequencing to explore t...

    Authors: Peng-Chan Lin, Yu-Min Yeh, Ren-Hao Chan, Bo-Wen Lin, Po-Chuan Chen, Chien-Chang Pan and Meng-Ru Shen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:217
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. HIPEC is an emerging procedure to treat peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. Data about HIPEC in locally advanced gastric cancer is scarce. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the safety and toxicity ...

    Authors: Biao Fan, Zhaode Bu, Ji Zhang, Xianglong Zong, Xin Ji, Tao Fu, Ziyu Jia, Yinan Zhang and Xiaojiang Wu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:216
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Advances in curative treatment for breast, colorectal, NSCLC and prostate cancer have led to improvements in cancer survival. Cancer treatment and recovery time can vary depending on the recommended modalities...

    Authors: Selina K. Wong, Jeremy Hamm, Aria Shokoohi, Colleen E. McGahan and Cheryl Ho
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:215
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The outcomes of immediate autologous breast reconstruction (IABR) after partial mastectomy followed by postoperative radiotherapy (RT) in terms of aesthetics, treatment-related complications, and local control...

    Authors: Shu-Ling Zhang, Jun Song, Yan-Ru Wang, Yi-Jia Guo, Jian-Zhu Zhao, Li Sun, Le-Tian Huang, Jie-Tao Ma and Cheng-Bo Han
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common pathology subtype of lung cancer. In recent years, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and chemotherapeutics conferred a certain curative effects. However, the effect ...

    Authors: Yang Zhai, Bin Zhao, Yuzhen Wang, Lina Li, Jingjin Li, Xu Li, Linhan Chang, Qian Chen and Zijun Liao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Information regarding response to past treatments may provide clues concerning the classes of drugs most or least likely to work for a particular metastatic or neoadjuvant early stage breast cancer patient. Ho...

    Authors: Aleksandra K. Olow, Laura van ’t Veer and Denise M. Wolf
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Meningiomas are common brain tumours that are usually defined by benign clinical course. However, some meningiomas undergo a malignant transformation and recur within a short time period regardless of their Wo...

    Authors: Waseem Masalha, Karam Daka, Jakob Woerner, Nils Pompe, Stefan Weber, Daniel Delev, Marie T. Krüger, Oliver Schnell, Jürgen Beck, Dieter Henrik Heiland and Juergen Grauvogel
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:211
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. There is evidence to consider that the tumor microenvironment (TME) composition associates with antitumor immune response, and may predict the outcome of various non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. However, in the ...

    Authors: Guilherme Rossi Assis-Mendonça, André Fattori, Rafael Malagoli Rocha, Gustavo Jacob Lourenço, Márcia Torresan Delamain, Suely Nonogaki, Vladmir Cláudio Cordeiro de Lima, Gisele Wally Braga Colleoni, Cármino Antonio de Souza, Fernando Augusto Soares, Carmen Silvia Passos Lima and José Vassallo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Lung cancer is most common among older individuals. However, polypharmacy and comorbidities, which are also more common in older individuals, can limit treatment options. Previous studies suggest that afatinib...

    Authors: Yuji Minegishi, Ou Yamaguchi, Shunichi Sugawara, Shoichi Kuyama, Satoshi Watanabe, Kazuhiro Usui, Masahide Mori, Osamu Hataji, Toshihiro Nukiwa, Satoshi Morita, Kunihiko Kobayashi and Akihiko Gemma
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:208
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide; it is the fourth leading cause of death in the world and the third in Brazil. Mutations in the APC, DCC, KRAS and TP53 genes have been associat...

    Authors: Aline Simoneti Fonseca, Anelisa Ramão, Matheus Carvalho Bürger, Jorge Estefano Santana de Souza, Dalila Lucíola Zanette, Greice Andreotti de Molfetta, Luiza Ferreira de Araújo, Rafaela de Barros e Lima Bueno, Graziela Moura Aguiar, Jessica Rodrigues Plaça, Cleidson de Pádua Alves, Anemari Ramos Dinarte dos Santos, Daniel Onofre Vidal, Gyl Eanes Barros Silva, Rodrigo Alexandre Panepucci, Fernanda Maris Peria…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:207
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The adverse reactions (ADRs) of targeted therapy were closely associated with treatment response, clinical outcome, quality of life (QoL) of patients with cancer. However, few studies presented the correlation...

    Authors: Ruofei Du, Xin Wang, Lixia Ma, Leon M. Larcher, Han Tang, Huiyue Zhou, Changying Chen and Tao Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:206
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Oral cancer (OC) is usually diagnosed at advanced clinical stages due to its asymptomatic nature and absence of pathognomonic signs in its early development phase. Delayed diagnosis is one of the major causes ...

    Authors: Mayara Martina Abatti Chiamulera, Caroline Biazzolo Zancan, Aline Pertile Remor, Marcos Freitas Cordeiro, Frederico Omar Gleber-Netto and Antuani Rafael Baptistella
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:205
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. With increasing cancer incidence and decreasing cancer mortality, there is a growing need for a valid and culturally adapted tool to measure health-related quality of life in children with cancer. This study v...

    Authors: Hasan Alelayan, Lizhu Liang, Rui Ye, Jiangnan Meng and Xiaoyan Liao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging guideline for cervical cancer includes stage IIIC recognized by preoperative radiology (IIIC-r) to state there are lymph nodes meta...

    Authors: E Yang, Shuying Huang, Xuting Ran, Yue Huang and Zhengyu Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:203
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. In recent years, emerging studies have demonstrated critical functions and potential clinical applications of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in osteosarcoma. To further validate the prognostic value of multiple ...

    Authors: Wenchao Zhang, Xiaolei Ren, Lin Qi, Chenghao Zhang, Chao Tu and Zhihong Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:202
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. We assessed the prognostic value of body mass index (BMI) in Asian patients with localized RCC who underwent nephrectomy.

    Authors: Takeshi Tsutsumi, Kazumasa Komura, Takeshi Hashimoto, Ryu Muraoka, Naoya Satake, Tomohisa Matsunaga, Takuya Tsujino, Yuki Yoshikawa, Tomoaki Takai, Koichiro Minami, Kohei Taniguchi, Tomohito Tanaka, Hirofumi Uehara, Hajime Hirano, Hayahito Nomi, Naokazu Ibuki…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Mesothelin is a 40-kDa glycoprotein that is highly overexpressed in various types of cancers, however molecular mechanism of mesothelin has not been well-known. Amatuximab is a chimeric monoclonal IgG1/k antib...

    Authors: Fumihiko Matsuzawa, Hirofumi Kamachi, Tatsuzo Mizukami, Takahiro Einama, Futoshi Kawamata, Yuki Fujii, Moto Fukai, Nozomi Kobayashi, Yutaka Hatanaka and Akinobu Taketomi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:200
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women, and there is a demand in developing an Asian-based genetic profiling database for breast cancer in improving the treatment response...

    Authors: Chi-Cheng Huang, Yi-Fang Tsai, Chun-Yu Liu, Ta-Chung Chao, Pei-Ju Lien, Yen-Shu Lin, Chin-Jung Feng, Jen-Hwey Chiu, Chih-Yi Hsu and Ling-Ming Tseng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:199
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The unprecedented efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy of CD19+ B-cell malignancies has opened a new and useful way for the treatment of malignant tumors. Nonetheless, there are stil...

    Authors: Zhitao Ying, Ting He, Xiaopei Wang, Wen Zheng, Ningjing Lin, Meifeng Tu, Yan Xie, Lingyan Ping, Chen Zhang, Weiping Liu, Lijuan Deng, Meng Wu, Feier Feng, Xin Leng, Tingting Du, Feifei Qi…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:198
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Age-adjusted US total pediatric cancer incidence rates (TPCIR) rose 49% 1975–2015 for unknown reasons. Prenatal cannabis exposure has been linked with several pediatric cancers which together comprise the majo...

    Authors: Albert Stuart Reece and Gary Kenneth Hulse
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:197
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy for elderly patients with gastric cancer (GC) remain unknown because elderly patients are underrepresented in most clinical trials. This study aimed to evaluate the effect...

    Authors: Yanrui Liang, Liying Zhao, Hao Chen, Tian Lin, Tao Chen, Mingli Zhao, Yanfeng Hu, Jiang Yu, Hao Liu and Guoxin Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2021 21:298

  44. Activation of autophagy flux contributed to resistance of breast cancer (BC) cells to current chemotherapeutic drugs, which seriously limited their therapeutic efficacy and facilitated BC recurrence in clinic....

    Authors: Libo Yu, Qingtao Shi, Yan Jin, Zhixin Liu, Jiaxin Li and Wenzhou Sun
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:195
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Multiple common variants identified by genome-wide association studies have shown limited evidence of the risk of breast cancer in Chinese individuals. In this study, we aimed to uncover the relationship betwe...

    Authors: Feng Zhao, Zhixiang Hao, Yanan Zhong, Yinxue Xu, Meng Guo, Bei Zhang, Xiaoxing Yin, Ying Li and Xueyan Zhou
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:194
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in cancer, however efforts to develop targeted therapies have been largely unsuccessful. Recently, two small-molecule inhibitors, AMG 510 and MRTX849, have shown promi...

    Authors: Luiz Henrique Araujo, Bianca Mendes Souza, Laura Rabelo Leite, Sabrina A. F. Parma, Natália P. Lopes, Frederico S. V. Malta and Maíra C. M. Freire
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:193
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Athanasios Tampakis, Ekaterini-Christina Tampaki, Afrodite Nonni, Ioannis D. Kostakis, Alberto Posabella, Konstantinos Kontzoglou, Markus von Flüe, Evangelos Felekouras, Gregory Kouraklis and Nikolaos Nikiteas
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:191
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Cancer 2021 21:153

  49. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common CRC-related (colorectal cancer) SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) including the Cadherin 1(CDH1) rs9929218 may act by increasing the ...

    Authors: Huiyan Wang, Dongying Gu, Miao Yu, Yanjun Hu, Zhe Chen, Xinying Huo, Tao Yu, Jinfei Chen and Yang Zheng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a late complication of advanced gastric cancer, and it is controversial how to select the therapeutic strategies: gastrojejunostomy and palliative gastrectomy? Therefore, th...

    Authors: Xiao-Jiang Chen, Guo-Ming Chen, Yi-Cheng Wei, Hong Yu, Xi-Cheng Wang, Zhou-Kai Zhao, Tian-Qi Luo, Run-Cong Nie and Zhi-Wei Zhou
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:188
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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