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  1. The serine-threonine kinase AKT1 plays essential roles during normal mammary gland development as well as the initiation and progression of breast cancer. AKT1 is generally considered a ubiquitously expressed gen...

    Authors: Jeffrey W Schmidt, Barbara L Wehde, Kazuhito Sakamoto, Aleata A Triplett, William W West and Kay-Uwe Wagner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:195
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. KIAA1199 is a recently identified novel gene that is up-regulated in human cancer with poor survival. Our proteomic study on signaling polarity in chemotactic cells revealed KIAA1199 as a novel protein target th...

    Authors: Mohammad-Saeid Jami, Jinxuan Hou, Miao Liu, Michelle L Varney, Hesham Hassan, Jixin Dong, Liying Geng, Jing Wang, Fang Yu, Xin Huang, Hong Peng, Kai Fu, Yan Li, Rakesh K Singh and Shi-Jian Ding
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:194
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a novel tumor blood supply in some highly aggressive malignant tumors. Recently, we reported VM existed in gallbladder carcinomas (GBCs) and the formation of the special passage th...

    Authors: Jing-Tao Zhang, Wei Sun, Wen-Zhong Zhang, Chun-Yan Ge, Zhong-Yan Liu, Ze-Ming Zhao, Xing-Sui Lu and Yue-Zu Fan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:193
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The cytoskeletal organizer ezrin is a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family and plays important roles in not only cell motility, cell adhesion, and apoptosis, but also in various cell signaling pathw...

    Authors: Tiefeng Jin, Jingchun Jin, Xiangyu Li, Songnan Zhang, Yun Ho Choi, Yingshi Piao, Xionghu Shen and Zhenhua Lin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is differently expressed in breast cancer, and its presence may favor cancer progression. We hypothesized that two EGFR functional polymorphisms, a (CA)n repeat in intr...

    Authors: Marcelo Sobral Leite, Letícia Carlos Giacomin, Diogo Nascimento Piranda, Juliana Simões Festa-Vasconcellos, Vanessa Indio-do-Brasil, Sérgio Koifman, Rodrigo Soares de Moura-Neto, Marcelo Alex de Carvalho and Rosane Vianna-Jorge
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Nuclear alterations are a well-known manifestation of cancer. However, little is known about the early, microscopically-undetectable stages of malignant transformation. Based on the phenomenon of field canceri...

    Authors: Lusik Cherkezyan, Yolanda Stypula-Cyrus, Hariharan Subramanian, Craig White, Mart Dela Cruz, Ramesh K Wali, Michael J Goldberg, Laura K Bianchi, Hemant K Roy and Vadim Backman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:189
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Prospective data on alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and risk of head-neck cancer (HNC) subtypes, i.e. oral cavity cancer (OCC), oro-/hypopharyngeal cancer (OHPC), and laryngeal cancer (LC), are limited....

    Authors: Denise HE Maasland, Piet A van den Brandt, Bernd Kremer, R Alexandra (Sandra) Goldbohm and Leo J Schouten
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:187
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Since the “War on Cancer” was declared in 1971, the United States alone has expended some $300 billion on research, with a heavy focus on the role of genomics in anticancer therapy. Voluminous data have been c...

    Authors: Björn LDM Brücher, Gary Lyman, Richard van Hillegersberg, Raphael E Pollock, Florian Lordick, Han-Kwang Yang, Toshikazu Ushijima, Khay-Guan Yeoh, Tomas Skricka, Wojciech Polkowski, Grzegorz Wallner, Vic Verwaal, Alfredo Garofalo, Domenico D’Ugo, Franco Roviello, Hans-Ulrich Steinau…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:186
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  10. Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are highly heterogeneous at the molecular level and comprise 75% of all lung tumors. We have previously shown that the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) MET frequently suffers ...

    Authors: Rajani Kanteti, Essam El-Hashani, Immanuel Dhanasingh, Maria Tretiakova, Aliya N Husain, Sherven Sharma, Jay Sharma, Everett E Vokes and Ravi Salgia
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:185
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. We assessed the activity and toxicity of the XELBEVOCT regimen in patients with metastatic well-to-moderately differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (WMD-NEN). Ancillary studies evaluated hypertension, protei...

    Authors: Alfredo Berruti, Nicola Fazio, Anna Ferrero, Maria Pia Brizzi, Marco Volante, Elisabetta Nobili, Lucia Tozzi, Lisa Bodei, Mirella Torta, Antonio D’Avolio, Adriano Massimiliano Priola, Nadia Birocco, Vito Amoroso, Guido Biasco, Mauro Papotti and Luigi Dogliotti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:184
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. In Europe, gastric cancer remains diagnosed at advanced stage (serosal and/or lymph node involvement). Despite curative management combining perioperative systemic chemotherapy and gastrectomy with D1-D2 lymph...

    Authors: Olivier Glehen, Guillaume Passot, Laurent Villeneuve, Delphine Vaudoyer, Sylvie Bin-Dorel, Gilles Boschetti, Eric Piaton and Alfredo Garofalo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:183
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  13. MLK3 gene mutations were described to occur in about 20% of microsatellite unstable gastrointestinal cancers and to harbor oncogenic activity. In particular, mutation P252H, located in the kinase domain, was f...

    Authors: Sérgia Velho, Ana Pinto, Danilo Licastro, Maria José Oliveira, Filipa Sousa, Elia Stupka and Raquel Seruca
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:182
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. SMAD4 is a gastrointestinal malignancy-specific tumor suppressor gene found mutated in one third of colorectal cancer specimens and half of pancreatic tumors. SMAD4 inactivation by allelic deletion or intragen...

    Authors: Yu-Wen Chen, Pi-Jung Hsiao, Ching-Chieh Weng, Kung-Kai Kuo, Tzu-Lei Kuo, Deng-Chyang Wu, Wen-Chun Hung and Kuang-Hung Cheng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:181
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The adaptive immune response to colorectal cancer is important for survival. Less is understood about the role of innate lymphocytes, such as Natural Killer (NK) cells, which are abundant in human liver.

    Authors: Siân A Pugh, Rebecca J Harrison, John N Primrose and Salim I Khakoo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. PTEN inactivation is the most frequent genetic aberration in endometrial cancer. One of the phosphatase-independent roles of PTEN is associated with homologous recombination (HR) in nucleus. Poly (ADP-ribose) ...

    Authors: Aki Miyasaka, Katsutoshi Oda, Yuji Ikeda, Osamu Wada-Hiraike, Tomoko Kashiyama, Atsushi Enomoto, Noriko Hosoya, Takahiro Koso, Tomohiko Fukuda, Kanako Inaba, Kenbun Sone, Yuriko Uehara, Reiko Kurikawa, Kazunori Nagasaka, Yoko Matsumoto, Takahide Arimoto…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:179
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Tumor endothelial transdifferentiation and VEGFR1/2 expression by cancer cells have been reported in glioblastoma but remain poorly documented for many other cancer types.

    Authors: Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, David Vallerand, Sophie Richon, Rana Hatem, Ludmilla De Plater, Ahmed Dahmani, Fariba Némati, Eric Angevin, Elisabetta Marangoni, Sergio Roman-Roman, Didier Decaudin and Virginie Dangles-Marie
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. NanoString’s Prosigna™ Breast Cancer Prognostic Gene Signature Assay is based on the PAM50 gene expression signature. The test outputs a risk of recurrence (ROR) score, risk category, and intrinsic subtype (Lu...

    Authors: Torsten Nielsen, Brett Wallden, Carl Schaper, Sean Ferree, Shuzhen Liu, Dongxia Gao, Garrett Barry, Naeem Dowidar, Malini Maysuria and James Storhoff
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:177
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  19. The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein Survivin and its splice variants are differentially expressed in breast cancer tissues. Our previous work showed Survivin is released from tumor cells via small membran...

    Authors: Salma Khan, Heather Ferguson Bennit, David Turay, Mia Perez, Saied Mirshahidi, Yuan Yuan and Nathan R Wall
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Despite introduction of effective chemotherapy protocols, it has remained uncertain, if patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases should receive adjuvant therapy. Clinical or molecular predictors ...

    Authors: Nuh N Rahbari, Christoph Reissfelder, Henning Schulze-Bergkamen, Dirk Jäger, Markus W Büchler, Jürgen Weitz and Moritz Koch
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Tamoxifen, an endocrine therapy drug used to treat breast cancer, is designed to interrupt estrogen signaling by blocking the estrogen receptor (ER). However, many ER-positive patients are low reactive or resi...

    Authors: Ji Ma, Yan Guo, Suning Chen, Cuiping Zhong, Yan Xue, Yuan Zhang, Xiaofeng Lai, Yifang Wei, Shentong Yu, Jian Zhang and Wenchao Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. While ovarian cancer is recognised as having identifiable early symptoms, understanding of the key determinants of symptom awareness and early presentation is limited. A population-based survey of ovarian canc...

    Authors: Kate E Brain, Stephanie Smits, Alice E Simon, Lindsay J Forbes, Chris Roberts, Iain J Robbé, John Steward, Ceri White, Richard D Neal and Jane Hanson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:171
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy with an aromatase inhibitor has shown efficacy comparable to that of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with postmenopausal breast cancer. Preclinical and clinical studies have ...

    Authors: Jisun Kim, Woosung Lim, Eun-Kyu Kim, Min-Kyoon Kim, Nam-Sun Paik, Sang-Seol Jeong, Jung-han Yoon, Chan Heun Park, Sei Hyun Ahn, Lee Su Kim, Sehwan Han, Seok Jin Nam, Han-Sung Kang, Seung Il Kim, Young Bum Yoo, Joon Jeong…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:170
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  26. Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is the second most frequent primitive malignant bone tumor in adolescents with a very poor prognosis for high risk patients, mainly when lung metastases are detected (overall survival <15%...

    Authors: Guillaume Odri, Pui-Pui Kim, François Lamoureux, Céline Charrier, Séverine Battaglia, Jérôme Amiaud, Dominique Heymann, François Gouin and Françoise Redini
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Pancreatic cancer is the third most common cancer related cause of death. Even in the 15% of patients who are eligible for surgical resection the outlook is dismal with less than 10% of patients surviving afte...

    Authors: Friedrich H Schmitz-Winnenthal, Thomas Schmidt, Monika Lehmann, Philipp Beckhove, Meinhard Kieser, Anthony D Ho, Peter Dreger and Markus W Büchler
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:168
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  28. Platelets play a fundamental role in maintaining hemostasis and have been shown to participate in hematogenous dissemination of tumor cells. Abundant platelets were detected in the tumor microenvironment outsi...

    Authors: Rong Li, Meiping Ren, Ni Chen, Mao Luo, Xin Deng, Jiyi Xia, Guang Yu, Jinbo Liu, Bing He, Xu Zhang, Zhuo Zhang, Xiao Zhang, Bing Ran and Jianbo Wu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety/tolerability of sunitinib plus trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer (ABC).

    Authors: Thomas Bachelot, Jose A Garcia-Saenz, Sunil Verma, Maya Gutierrez, Xavier Pivot, Mark F Kozloff, Catherine Prady, Xin Huang, Reza Khosravan, Zhixiao Wang, Rossano Cesari, Vanessa Tassell, Kenneth A Kern, Jean-Yves Blay and Ana Lluch
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), alternatively called fortilin, is believed to be involved in the development of the chemoresistance of tumor cells against anticancer drugs such as etoposide, t...

    Authors: Jaehoon Jung, Hyo Young Kim, Jeehye Maeng, Moonhee Kim, Dong Hae Shin and Kyunglim Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61), a member of the CCN protein family, possesses diverse functionality in cellular processes such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. Cyr61 can also function as an oncog...

    Authors: Dongjun Jeong, Suhak Heo, Tae Sung Ahn, Sookyoung Lee, Soyoung Park, Hyungjoo Kim, Doosan Park, Sang Byung Bae, Sung Soo Lee, Moon Soo Lee, Chang-Jin Kim and Moo Jun Baek
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Lower breast cancer survival has been reported for Australian Aboriginal women compared to non-Aboriginal women, however the reasons for this disparity have not been fully explored. We compared the surgical tr...

    Authors: Rajah Supramaniam, Alison Gibberd, Anthony Dillon, David Eamon Goldsbury and Dianne L O’Connell
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The effects of exposure to ultraviolet radiation are a significant concern in Australia which has one of the highest incidences of skin cancer in the world. Despite most skin cancers being preventable by encou...

    Authors: Cathy M Cleary, Katherine M White, Ross McD Young, Anna L Hawkes, Stuart Leske, Louise C Starfelt and Kylie Wihardjo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:162
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  34. Cervical cancer is the first female cancer in Lao PDR, a low-income country with no national screening and prevention programs for this human papillomavirus (HPV) associated pathology. HIV-infected women have ...

    Authors: Chanvilay SICHANH, Fabrice QUET, Phetsavanh CHANTHAVILAY, Joeffroy DIENDERE, Vatthanaphone LATTHAPHASAVANG, Christophe LONGUET and Yves BUISSON
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:161
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with colorectal cancer prevents effective treatment and leads to unnecessary and burdensome chemotherapy. Therefore, prediction of 5-FU resistance is imperative.

    Authors: Ji-Won Park, Seung Cheol Kim, Won Ki Kim, Jun Pyu Hong, Kyung-Hee Kim, Hyun Yang Yeo, Jae Yong Lee, M Sun Kim, Jong Heon Kim, Se Young Yang, Dae Yong Kim, Jae Hwan Oh, Jae Youl Cho and Byong Chul Yoo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:160
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The molecular basis to overcome therapeutic resistance to treat glioblastoma remains unclear. The anti-apoptotic b cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) gene is associated with treatment resistance, and is transactivated by the...

    Authors: Noelyn Hung, Yu-Jen Chen, Ahmad Taha, Magnus Olivecrona, Ronald Boet, Anna Wiles, Tracy Warr, Alisha Shaw, Ramona Eiholzer, Bruce C Baguley, Michael R Eccles, Antony W Braithwaite, Martin MacFarlane, Janice A Royds and Tania Slatter
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:159
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. In the present study we determined the relative contribution of two processes to breast cancer progression: (1) Intrinsic events, such as activation of the Ras pathway and down-regulation of p53; (2) The infla...

    Authors: Tal Leibovich-Rivkin, Yulia Liubomirski, Tsipi Meshel, Anastasia Abashidze, Daphna Brisker, Hilla Solomon, Varda Rotter, Miguel Weil and Adit Ben-Baruch
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Rectal and pararectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare. The optimal management strategy for primary localized GISTs remains poorly defined.

    Authors: Thanh-Khoa Huynh, Pierre Meeus, Philippe Cassier, Olivier Bouché, Sophie Lardière-Deguelte, Antoine Adenis, Thierry André, Julien Mancini, Olivier Collard, Michael Montemurro, Emmanuelle Bompas, Maria Rios, Nicolas Isambert, Didier Cupissol, Jean-Yves Blay and Florence Duffaud
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. This randomized Phase III trial will evaluate whether the methylene blue-assisted technique is efficient for harvesting lymph nodes after radical surgery for gastric cancer.

    Authors: Toru Aoyama, Takaki Yoshikawa, Satoshi Morita, Junya Shirai, Hirohito Fujikawa, Kenichi Iwasaki, Tsutomu Hayashi, Takashi Ogata, Haruhiko Cho, Norio Yukawa, Takashi Oshima, Yasushi Rino, Munetaka Masuda and Akira Tsuburaya
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:155
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  41. Cancer cell adopts peculiar metabolic strategies aimed to sustain the continuous proliferation in an environment characterized by relevant fluctuations in oxygen and nutrient levels. Monocarboxylate transporte...

    Authors: Patrizia Sanità, Mattia Capulli, Anna Teti, Giuseppe Paradiso Galatioto, Carlo Vicentini, Paola Chiarugi, Mauro Bologna and Adriano Angelucci
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:154
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Ki-67 is a nuclear protein involved in cell proliferation regulation, and its expression has been widely used as an index to evaluate the proliferative activity of lymphoma. However, its prognostic value for l...

    Authors: Xin He, Zhigang Chen, Tao Fu, Xueli Jin, Teng Yu, Yun Liang, Xiaoying Zhao and Liansheng Huang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Experimental and clinical data suggest that solid cancers contain treatment-resistant cancer stem cells that will impair treatment efficacy. The objective of this study was to investigate if head and neck squa...

    Authors: Chann Lagadec, Erina Vlashi, Sunita Bhuta, Chi Lai, Paul Mischel, Martin Werner, Michael Henke and Frank Pajonk
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:152
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Chemoresistance of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has been attributed to the presence within the tumor of cancer stem cells (GSCs). The standard therapy for GBM consists of surgery followed by radiotherapy and ...

    Authors: Lucio Tentori, Lucia Ricci-Vitiani, Alessia Muzi, Fabio Ciccarone, Federica Pelacchi, Roberta Calabrese, Daniele Runci, Roberto Pallini, Paola Caiafa and Grazia Graziani
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:151
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Breast cancer has been poorly studied in women with intellectual disability (ID), which makes designing a policy for screening the nearly 70 million women with ID in the world difficult. As no data is availabl...

    Authors: Daniel Satgé, Eric-André Sauleau, William Jacot, Fernand Raffi, Bernard Azéma, Jean-Claude Bouyat and Nicolas El Hage Assaf
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Chemokine receptor signaling pathways are implicated in the pathobiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the clinical relevance of CXCR2 receptor, mediating the effects of all angiogenic chemokines, re...

    Authors: Anastasios Stofas, Georgia Levidou, Christina Piperi, Christos Adamopoulos, Georgia Dalagiorgou, Aristotelis Bamias, Alexandra Karadimou, George A Lainakis, Stefanos Papadoukakis, Konstantinos Stravodimos, Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos, Efstratios Patsouris, Hariklia Gakiopoulou and Penelope Korkolopoulou
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:149
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The peritoneum is one of the most frequent sites of recurrent gastric carcinoma after curative treatment, despite the administration of pre- and/or postoperative systemic chemotherapy. Indeed, the prognosis of...

    Authors: Diane Goéré, Nathalie Gras-Chaput, Anne Aupérin, Caroline Flament, Christophe Mariette, Olivier Glehen, Laurence Zitvogel and Dominique Elias
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:148
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  48. Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the breast is a rare type of carcinoma that has not been well studied or characterized. Of the limited number of studies reported in the literature, most are case reports. A f...

    Authors: Jun Wang, Bing Wei, Constance T Albarracin, Jianhua Hu, Susan C Abraham and Yun Wu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Celastrol is a promising anti-tumor agent, yet it also elevates heat shock proteins (HSPs), especially HSP70, this effect believed to reduce its anti-tumor effects. Concurrent use of siRNA to increase celastro...

    Authors: Bin Peng, Xue Zhang, Fanfan Cao, Ying Wang, Limin Xu, Lu Cao, Chunxin Yang, Maoquan Li, Georges Uzan and Denghai Zhang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Significant bleeding may occur following endobronchial forceps biopsy or brushing of necrotic or hypervascular tumors in the airways. In some cases, methods such as endobronchial instillation of iced saline la...

    Authors: Adil Zamani
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:143
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

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