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  1. Aberrant Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is often associated with neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood malignancy with varying clinical outcomes due to different molecular characteristics. Inhibition of Hh signaling with s...

    Authors: Jing Wang, Song Gu, Jun Huang, Sheng Chen, Zhen Zhang and Min Xu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:768
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Rising cancer incidence and survival mean that the number of cancer survivors is growing. Accumulating evidence suggests many survivors have long-term medical and supportive care needs, and that these needs va...

    Authors: Linda Sharp, Sandra Deady, Pamela Gallagher, Michal Molcho, Alison Pearce, Audrey Alforque Thomas, Aileen Timmons and Harry Comber
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:767
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Atorvastatin is a potent inhibitor of the mevalonate pathway and widely used as a hypolipidemic drug. Some epidemiological studies and animal experiments indicate that the long-term use of atorvastatin and str...

    Authors: Albert Braeuning, Philip Bucher, Ute Hofmann, Albrecht Buchmann and Michael Schwarz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:766
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Individual susceptibility to endogenous and/or exogenous DNA damage depends on DNA repair efficiency and can be evaluated using the comet assay with bleomycin as genotoxic agent. The aim of the study was to ev...

    Authors: Lyubov Buchynska, Olga Brieieva, Nadiia Glushchenko, Ludmila Vorobyova and Olena Bilyk
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:765
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Taxanes such as paclitaxel and docetaxel are used successfully to treat breast cancer, usually in combination with other agents. They interfere with microtubules causing cell cycle arrest; however, the mechani...

    Authors: Juliet Kenicer, Melanie Spears, Nicola Lyttle, Karen J Taylor, Linda Liao, Carrie A Cunningham, Maryou Lambros, Alan MacKay, Cindy Yao, Jorge Reis-Filho and John MS Bartlett
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:762
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. To evaluate the efficacy of first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy for untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) based on age.

    Authors: Ralf Hofheinz, Volker Petersen, Manfred Kindler, Mathias Schulze, Joerg Seraphin, Heinz-Gert Hoeffkes, Anette-R Valdix, Jan Schroeder, Julia Herrenberger, Alexander Stein, Axel Hinke and Dirk Arnold
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:761
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Strongly increased uptake of glucose is a hallmark of solid malignant tumors. This phenotype can be triggered by hypoxia-induced gene expression changes or can occur independently of hypoxia as a consequence o...

    Authors: Arnulf Mayer, Marcus Schmidt, Alexander Seeger, André Franke Serras, Peter Vaupel and Heinz Schmidberger
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:760
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. In breast cancer, high levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with disease-free survival and treatment resistance. Increased serum levels of IL-6 have been correlated wit...

    Authors: Andrea Markkula, Maria Simonsson, Christian Ingvar, Carsten Rose and Helena Jernström
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:759
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. In chemotherapy trials quality of life (QOL) is assessed mostly at the days of chemotherapy administration (i.e. event-driven) during treatment and follows fixed time intervals in the aftercare phase (i.e. tim...

    Authors: Johannes M Giesinger, Lisa M Wintner, August Zabernigg, Eva-Maria Gamper, Anne S Oberguggenberger, Monika J Sztankay, Georg Kemmler and Bernhard Holzner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:758
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Studies on the implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) and particularly its effect on breast cancer (BRC) survival on a population-level are scant. This population-based high resolution study from...

    Authors: Bernd Holleczek and Hermann Brenner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:757
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Increasing studies implicate cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the source of resistance and relapse following conventional cytotoxic therapies. Few studies have examined the response of CSCs to targeted therapies, s...

    Authors: Robert J Canter, Erik Ames, Stephanie Mac, Steven K Grossenbacher, Mingyi Chen, Chin-Shang Li, Dariusz Borys, Rachel C Smith, Joe Tellez, Thomas J Sayers, Arta M Monjazeb and William J Murphy
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:756
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Even with complete resection, the prognosis of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer is poor due to local and distant recurrence, and it rem...

    Authors: Hiroshi Kubo, Takashi Suzuki, Tomoko Matsushima, Hideki Ishihara, Kazuya Uchino, Satoshi Suzuki, Sachiyo Tada, Masahiro Yoshimura and Takashi Kondo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:755
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Deregulated expression of the transmembrane glycoprotein CDCP1 (CUB domain-containing protein-1) has been detected in several cancers including colon, lung, gastric, breast, and pancreatic carcinomas. CDCP1 ha...

    Authors: David J Orchard-Webb, Thong Chuan Lee, Graham P Cook and G Eric Blair
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:754
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Gastric cancer remains a serious health concern worldwide. Patients would greatly benefit from the discovery of new biomarkers that predict outcome more accurately and allow better treatment and follow-up deci...

    Authors: Vânia Camilo, Rita Barros, Ricardo Celestino, Patrícia Castro, Joana Vieira, Manuel R Teixeira, Fátima Carneiro, João Pinto-de-Sousa, Leonor David and Raquel Almeida
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:753
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy. Type II endometrial carcinoma is often poorly differentiated and patients diagnosed with Type II disease (~11%) are disproportionately represented ...

    Authors: Emily R Theisen, Snehal Gajiwala, Jared Bearss, Venkataswamy Sorna, Sunil Sharma and Margit Janat-Amsbury
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:752
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Tumour microenvironment is a fundamental aspect of tumour behaviour, modulating important events as cancer cell migration and invasion, as well as angiogenesis and metastisation. Among other microenvironment f...

    Authors: Céline Pinheiro, Eduardo A Garcia, Filipa Morais-Santos, Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto, Allini Mafra, Renske DM Steenbergen, Enrique Boccardo, Luisa L Villa, Fátima Baltazar and Adhemar Longatto-Filho
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:751
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Βeta-2-microglobulin (β2-M) has been demonstrated as a growth factor and signaling molecule in breast cancer and leukemia. The purpose of the study is to characterize β2-M expression in molecular subtypes of b...

    Authors: Kesheng Li, Huifen Du, Xiaowen Lian, Suisheng Yang, Dandan Chai, Chunya Wang, Rong Yang and Xuezhong Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:750
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The role and clinical value of ERβ1 expression is controversial and recent data demonstrates that many ERβ antibodies are insensitive and/or non-specific. Therefore, we sought to comprehensively characterize E...

    Authors: Jordan M Reese, Vera J Suman, Malayannan Subramaniam, Xianglin Wu, Vivian Negron, Anne Gingery, Kevin S Pitel, Sejal S Shah, Heather E Cunliffe, Ann E McCullough, Barbara A Pockaj, Fergus J Couch, Janet E Olson, Carol Reynolds, Wilma L Lingle, Thomas C Spelsberg…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:749
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a significant unmet medical need. Despite advances with targeted therapies in a small subset of patients, fewer than 20% of patients survive for more than...

    Authors: Martin Sebastian, Alexandros Papachristofilou, Christian Weiss, Martin Früh, Richard Cathomas, Wolfgang Hilbe, Thomas Wehler, Gerd Rippin, Sven D Koch, Birgit Scheel, Mariola Fotin-Mleczek, Regina Heidenreich, Karl-Josef Kallen, Ulrike Gnad-Vogt and Alfred Zippelius
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:748
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  22. We investigated the role of the HIPK2–p53 signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and resistance to the drug Verbascoside (VB) in colorectal cancer (CRC), using in vivo and in vitro experiments.

    Authors: Lihong Zhou, Yuanyuan Feng, Yongjie Jin, Xuan Liu, Hua Sui, Ni Chai, Xingzhu Chen, Ningning Liu, Qing Ji, Yan Wang and Qi Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:747
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Utilisation of multidisciplinary teams is considered the best approach to care and treatment for cancer patients. However, the multidisciplinary approach has mainly focused on inpatient care rather than routin...

    Authors: Sandra Beermann, Denny Chakkalakal, Rebecca Muckelbauer, Lothar Weißbach and Christine Holmberg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:746
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The oncogenic ether-à-go-go-1 potassium channel (EAG1) activity and expression are necessary for cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. The active vitamin D metabolite, calcitriol, and astemizole, a promising ...

    Authors: Janice García-Quiroz, Rocío García-Becerra, Nancy Santos-Martínez, David Barrera, David Ordaz-Rosado, Euclides Avila, Ali Halhali, Octavio Villanueva, Maŕa J Ibarra-Sánchez, José Esparza-López, Armando Gamboa-Domínguez, Javier Camacho, Fernando Larrea and Lorenza Díaz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:745
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Peripheral blood monocyte count is an easily assessable parameter of systemic inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to determine whether monocyte count was prognostic in hepatocellular carcinoma (HC...

    Authors: Shun-Li Shen, Shun-Jun Fu, Xiong-Qing Huang, Bin Chen, Ming Kuang, Shao-Qiang Li, Yun-Peng Hua, Li-Jian Liang and Bao-Gang Peng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:744
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The number of primary care referrals of women with breast symptoms to symptomatic breast units (SBUs) has increased exponentially in the past decade in Ireland. The aim of this study is to develop and validate...

    Authors: Rose Galvin, Doireann Joyce, Eithne Downey, Fiona Boland, Tom Fahey and Arnold K Hill
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:743
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. The primary cause of mortality and morbidity in patients is bone metastases and remodeling resulting in osteoblas...

    Authors: Jeetendra Eswaraka, Anand Giddabasappa, Guangzhou Han, Kush Lalwani, Koleen Eisele, Zheng Feng, Timothy Affolter, James Christensen and Gang Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:742
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. There is no consensus regarding resection of the primary tumour with few or absent symptoms in patients with synchronous unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). A potential benefit of resection of the...

    Authors: Jorine ’t Lam - Boer, Linda Mol, Cornelis Verhoef, Anton F J de Haan, Mette Yilmaz, Cornelis J A Punt, Johannes H W de Wilt and Miriam Koopman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:741
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  29. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of lung cancers, and is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Radiation therapy (RT), alone or in combination with chemotherapy, is the standard of care for cu...

    Authors: Shankar Siva, Jason Callahan, Tomas Kron, Olga A Martin, Michael P MacManus, David L Ball, Rodney J Hicks and Michael S Hofman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:740
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  30. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation and have recently been shown to play a role in cancer metastasis. In solid tumors, especially breast canc...

    Authors: Augusto LF Marino, Adriane F Evangelista, René AC Vieira, Taciane Macedo, Ligia M Kerr, Lucas Faria Abrahão-Machado, Adhemar Longatto-Filho, Henrique CS Silveira and Marcia MC Marques
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:739
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in non-specific immune response in different cancers, including pancreatic cancer. However the anti-tumor effect of NK cells decreases during pancreatic cancer progres...

    Authors: Yun-Peng Peng, Jing-Jing Zhang, Wen-biao Liang, Min Tu, Zi-Peng Lu, Ji-Shu Wei, Kui-Rong Jiang, Wen-Tao Gao, Jun-Li Wu, Ze-Kuan Xu, Yi Miao and Yi Zhu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:738
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Dose intense chemotherapy may improve efficacy with acceptable toxicity. A phase II study was conducted to determine the feasibility of a dose-intense two weekly schedule of capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and beva...

    Authors: Christopher GCA Jackson, Katrina Sharples, Paul I Thompson, Anne O’Donnell, Bridget Anne Robinson, David J Perez, Jacqui Adams, Richard Isaacs, Sanjeev Deva, Victoria A Hinder and Michael P Findlay
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:737
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Breast metastasis from extramammary malignancy is uncommon and often presents diagnostic challenges. Herein, we report a case of a patient with metachronous isolated breast metastasis from pulmonary adenocarci...

    Authors: Young Ju Jeong, Jin Gu Bong, Hoon Kyu Oh, Sung Hwan Park, Sung Min Kang and Sung Hwa Bae
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:736
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  34. Luminal, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers represent more than 70% of cases. Despite initial good prognoses one third of Luminal cancers eventually recur locally or at distant sites and exhibit hormone...

    Authors: Mauricio P Pinto, Wendy W Dye, Britta M Jacobsen and Kathryn B Horwitz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:735
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Cancer stem cells are hypoxia-resistant and present a preponderant glycolytic metabolism. These characteristics are also found in basal-like breast carcinomas (BLBC), which show increased expression of cancer ...

    Authors: Bárbara Sousa, Ana Sofia Ribeiro, Ana Rita Nobre, Nair Lopes, Diana Martins, Céline Pinheiro, André Filipe Vieira, André Albergaria, René Gerhard, Fernando Schmitt, Fátima Baltazar and Joana Paredes
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:734
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Estrogen receptor positive breast cancers have high recurrence rates despite tamoxifen therapy. Breast cancer stem/progenitor cells (BCSCs) initiate tumors, but expression of estrogen (ER) or progesterone rece...

    Authors: Robynn V Schillace, Amy M Skinner, Rodney F Pommier, Steven O’Neill, Patrick J Muller, Arpana M Naik, Juliana E Hansen and SuEllen J Pommier
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:733
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Prognostic value of enhanced COX-2 expression in breast cancer has been controversial for a long time. The opinions vary widely between studies. Moreover, significant majority of studies considered only COX-2 ...

    Authors: Justyna Urban, Łukasz Kuźbicki, Grzegorz Szatkowski, Agata Stanek-Widera, Dariusz Lange and Barbara W Chwirot
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:732
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Many patients with cancer suffer from distress, anxiety and depression. However, studies on patients with brain metastases are lacking. In this exploratory study we prospectively assessed distress, anxiety and...

    Authors: Marie-Christine Cordes, Angela Scherwath, Tahera Ahmad, Ansa Maer Cole, Gundula Ernst, Karina Oppitz, Heinrich Lanfermann, Michael Bremer and Diana Steinmann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:731
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Axillary lymph node (ALN) status is an important prognostic factor for breast cancer. We retrospectively used contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) to evaluate the presence of ALN, metastasis based on ...

    Authors: Masakazu Urata, Yuko Kijima, Munetsugu Hirata, Yoshiaki Shinden, Hideo Arima, Akihiro Nakajo, Chihaya Koriyama, Takaaki Arigami, Yoshikazu Uenosono, Hiroshi Okumura, Kosei Maemura, Sumiya Ishigami, Heiji Yoshinaka and Shoji Natsugoe
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:730
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The development of hepatic cancer is tightly regulated by multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Therefore, most currently-used anti-tumor agents, which typically target single intracellular pathway, might...

    Authors: Jiumao Lin, Aling Shen, Hongwei Chen, Jun Liao, Teng Xu, Liya Liu, Jing Lin and Jun Peng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:729
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Obesity is a risk factor for developing pancreatic cancer. We investigated the impact of obesity on survival in patients diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer.

    Authors: Benjamin Kasenda, Annatina Bass, Dieter Koeberle, Bernhard Pestalozzi, Markus Borner, Richard Herrmann, Lorenz Jost, Andreas Lohri and Viviane Hess
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:728
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Mutations in the activation segment of the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) gene are present in approximately 50% of melanomas. The selective BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib has demonstrated signif...

    Authors: Stéphanie Trudel, Norbert Odolczyk, Julie Dremaux, Jérôme Toffin, Aline Regnier, Henri Sevestre, Piotr Zielenkiewicz, Jean-Philippe Arnault and Brigitte Gubler
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:727
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  43. Regulated intramembrane proteolysis of Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) results in release of its intracellular domain (Ep-ICD) which triggers oncogenic signalling. The clinical significance of Ep-ICD...

    Authors: Gunjan Srivastava, Jasmeet Assi, Lawrence Kashat, Ajay Matta, Martin Chang, Paul G Walfish and Ranju Ralhan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:726
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Pancreatic cancer is frequently resistant to cancer therapeutics. Smoking and alcoholism are risk factors and pancreatic cancer patients often undergo nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and treatment for alcoh...

    Authors: Jheelam Banerjee, Hussein AN Al-Wadei, Mohammed H Al-Wadei, Koami Dagnon and Hildegard M Schuller
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:725
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Kiss-1 and Kiss-1R have been suggested as a novel pair of metastasis suppressors for several human solid tumours, however, their role in colorectal cancer remains largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this st...

    Authors: Ke Ji, Lin Ye, Fiona Ruge, Rachel Hargest, Malcolm D Mason and Wen G Jiang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:723
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to play important roles in therapy-resistance. In this study, we induced cancer stem-like cells from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines using a unique medium, and ex...

    Authors: Noriaki Hashimoto, Ryouichi Tsunedomi, Kiyoshi Yoshimura, Yusaku Watanabe, Shoichi Hazama and Masaaki Oka
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:722
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) is known to be involved in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through modulation of host gene response. Alterations in miRNA expressions ar...

    Authors: Manikankana Bandopadhyay, Arup Banerjee, Neelakshi Sarkar, Rajesh Panigrahi, Sibnarayan Datta, Ananya Pal, Shivram Prasad Singh, Avik Biswas, Shekhar Chakrabarti and Runu Chakravarty
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:721
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Authors: Mauricette Michallet, Elisabeth Luporsi, Pierre Soubeyran, Nadia Ali Amar, Vincent Boulanger, Miguel Carreiro, Louis-Marie Dourthe, Jean-Luc Labourey, Daniel Lepille, Frédéric Maloisel, Jean-Loup Mouysset, Sophie Nahon, Bérengère Narciso, Pierre Nouyrigat, Raouf Radji, Nacéra Sakek…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:720
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Cancer 2014 14:503

  50. There is currently no consensus on the correlations between androgen concentrations in prostate tissue and blood and stage and pathological grade of prostate cancer. In this study, we used a newly-developed ul...

    Authors: Yasuhide Miyoshi, Hiroji Uemura, Susumu Umemoto, Kentaro Sakamaki, Satoshi Morita, Kazuhiro Suzuki, Yasuhiro Shibata, Naoya Masumori, Tomohiko Ichikawa, Atsushi Mizokami, Yoshiki Sugimura, Norio Nonomura, Hideki Sakai, Seijiro Honma, Masaoki Harada and Yoshinobu Kubota
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:717
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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