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  1. It is well known that estrogen receptor α (ERα) participates in the pathogenic progress of breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In neuroblastoma cells and related ...

    Authors: Peng Cao, Fan Feng, Guofu Dong, Chunyong Yu, Sizhe Feng, Erlin Song, Guobing Shi, Yong Liang and Guobiao Liang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:491
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Despite smoking cessation can largely improve cancer prognosis and quality of life, many patients continued smoking after the diagnosis of cancer. This study aims to test the effectiveness of a smoking cessati...

    Authors: William H.C. Li, Sophia S.C. Chan, Kelvin M. P. Wang and T.H. Lam
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:490
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  3. An enduring challenge in personalized medicine is to select right drug for individual patients. Testing drugs on patients in large clinical trials is one way to assess their efficacy and toxicity, but it is im...

    Authors: Zuoli Dong, Naiqian Zhang, Chun Li, Haiyun Wang, Yun Fang, Jun Wang and Xiaoqi Zheng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:489
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) controls lipid/energy homeostasis and inflammatory responses. The truncated splice variant PPARα-tr was suggested to exert a dominant negative funct...

    Authors: Maria Thomas, Christine Bayha, Kathrin Klein, Simon Müller, Thomas S. Weiss, Matthias Schwab and Ulrich M. Zanger
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:488
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecologic malignancy in industrialised countries and the incidence is still rising. Primary treatment is based on preoperative risk classification and consists in mo...

    Authors: Nicole C. M. Visser, Johan Bulten, Anneke A. M. van der Wurff, Erik A. Boss, Carolien M. Bronkhorst, Harrie W. H. Feijen, Joke E. Haartsen, Hilde A. D. M. van Herk, Ineke M. de Kievit, Paul J. J. M. Klinkhamer, Brenda M. Pijlman, Marc P. M. L. Snijders, Ingrid Vandenput, M. Caroline Vos, Peter E. J. de Wit, Lonneke V. van de Poll-Franse…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:487
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  6. Long-term local control in Glioblastoma is rarely achieved and nearly all patients relapse. In this study we evaluated the clinical effect of different treatment approaches in recurrent patients.

    Authors: Marta Scorsetti, Pierina Navarria, Federico Pessina, Anna Maria Ascolese, Giuseppe D’Agostino, Stefano Tomatis, Fiorenza De Rose, Elisa Villa, Giulia Maggi, Matteo Simonelli, Elena Clerici, Riccardo Soffietti, Armando Santoro, Luca Cozzi and Lorenzo Bello
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:486
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Controversy remains whether a pattern of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia exists on the cervix. Our study aims at determining if the prevalence of histologically proven lesions differs by cervical four-quadr...

    Authors: Yu-qian Zhao, Irene J. Chang, Fang-hui Zhao, Shang-ying Hu, Jennifer S. Smith, Xun Zhang, Shu-min Li, Ping Bai, Wen-hua Zhang and You-lin Qiao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:485
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Mutations in genes that are part of the splicing machinery for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), including MDS without ring sideroblasts (RS), have been widely investigated. The effects of these mutations on cl...

    Authors: Min-Gu Kang, Hye-Ran Kim, Bo-Young Seo, Jun Hyung Lee, Seok-Yong Choi, Soo-Hyun Kim, Jong-Hee Shin, Soon-Pal Suh, Jae-Sook Ahn and Myung-Geun Shin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:484
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Menacalc is an immunofluorescence-based, quantitative method in which expression of the non-invasive Mena protein isoform (Mena11a) is subtracted from total Mena protein expression. Previous work has found a sign...

    Authors: Catherine L. Forse, Seema Agarwal, Dushanthi Pinnaduwage, Frank Gertler, John S. Condeelis, Juan Lin, Xiaonan Xue, Kimberly Johung, Anna Marie Mulligan, Thomas E. Rohan, Shelley B. Bull and Irene L. Andrulis
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:483
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Estimating the risk of malignancy is essential in the management of adnexal masses. An accurate differential diagnosis between benign and malignant masses will reduce morbidity and costs due to unnecessary ope...

    Authors: Evelyne MJ Meys, Iris JG Rutten, Roy FPM Kruitwagen, Brigitte F Slangen, Martin GM Bergmans, Helen JMM Mertens, Ernst Nolting, Dieuwke Boskamp, Regina GH Beets-Tan and Toon van Gorp
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:482
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  11. Gliomas account for more than 60 % of all primary central nervous system neoplasms. Low-grade gliomas display a tendency to progress to more malignant phenotypes and the most frequent and malignant gliomas are...

    Authors: Marcela Gimenez, Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie, Sueli Oba-Shinjo, Miyuki Uno, Clarice Izumi, João Bosco Oliveira and Jose Cesar Rosa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:481
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma is a rare type of lymphoma in Caucasian individuals, but is relatively common in Asian populations. Genetic variants in immune and inflammatory response genes may thus be associated wi...

    Authors: Sensen Cheng, Jianzhong Li, Wenjian Liu, Chengxiang Liu, Lei Su, Xiuchun Liu, Liangjun Guo, Yuan Ma, Bao Song and Jie Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:480
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Valosin containing protein (VCP) is a critical mediator of protein homeostasis and may represent a valuable therapeutic target for several forms of cancer. Overexpression of VCP occurs in many cancers, and oft...

    Authors: Marie-Ève Nadeau, Charlène Rico, Mayra Tsoi, Mélanie Vivancos, Sabin Filimon, Marilène Paquet and Derek Boerboom
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:479
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. In Brazil, the rate of cervical cancer remains high despite the availability of screening programs. With ongoing vaccine development and implementation, information on the prevalence of specific HPV types is n...

    Authors: Jessica L. Castilho, José Eduardo Levi, Paula M. Luz, Mary Catherine Cambou, Tazio Vanni, Angela de Andrade, Mônica Derrico, Valdiléa G. Veloso, Beatriz Grinsztejn and Ruth K. Friedman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:478
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Neuroblastoma (NB) is an aggressive childhood malignancy in children up to 5 years of age. High-stage tumors frequently relapse even after aggressive multimodal treatment, and then show therapy resistance, typ...

    Authors: Lisette P. Yco, Dirk Geerts, Gabor Mocz, Jan Koster and André S. Bachmann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:477
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Bcl-2 (B cell lymphoma/leukemia gene-2) is the first proto-oncogene recognized to function by inhibiting programmed cell death/apoptosis. Although much is known about the anti-apoptotic ability of Bcl-2, littl...

    Authors: Juan An, Jin Lv, Aimin Li, Junxiao Qiao, Liang Fang, Zhihua Li, Bo Li, Wei Zhao, Huoming Chen and Liying Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:476
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies in humans, often demonstrating resistance to multimodal therapeutic approaches. The median survival of ATC patients after initial diag...

    Authors: Naoyoshi Onoda, Iwao Sugitani, Takuya Higashiyama, Hisato Hara, Ken-ichi Ito, Makoto Kammori, Kiminori Sugino, Shinichi Suzuki, Kazuhisa Toda, Akira Yoshida and Akira Miyauchi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:475
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  18. Combination therapy, which reduces the dosage intensity of the individual drugs while increasing their efficacy, is not a novel approach for the treatment of cancer. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is an organic s...

    Authors: Nipin SP, Pramod Darvin, Young Beom Yoo, Youn Hee Joung, Dong Young Kang, Don Nam Kim, Tae Sook Hwang, Sang Yoon Kim, Wan Seop Kim, Hak Kyo Lee, Byung Wook Cho, Heui Soo Kim, Kyung Do Park, Jong Hwan Park, Soung Hoon Chang and Young Mok Yang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:474
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Although its biological function remains poorly understood, REG4 is reported to be a potent activator of the EGFR/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in colon cancer cells and closely linked with the inhibition of apop...

    Authors: Shuo Chen, Wen-Feng Gou, Shuang Zhao, Zhe-Feng Niu, Yang Zhao, Yasuo Takano and Hua-Chuan Zheng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:471
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Human gliomas are a heterogeneous group of primary malignant brain tumors whose molecular pathogenesis is not yet solved. In this regard, a major research effort has been directed at identifying novel specific...

    Authors: Lucia Micale, Carmela Fusco, Andrea Fontana, Raffaela Barbano, Bartolomeo Augello, Pasquelena De Nittis, Massimiliano Copetti, Maria Teresa Pellico, Barbara Mandriani, Dario Cocciadiferro, Paola Parrella, Vito Michele Fazio, Lucia Maria Cecilia Dimitri, Vincenzo D’Angelo, Chiara Novielli, Lidia Larizza…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:470
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) is one of the uncommon malignancies in the digestive system which is characterized by a poor prognosis. Aberrations of miRNAs have been shown involved in the progression ...

    Authors: Pengfei Qiao, Guodong Li, Wen Bi, Lianmeng Yang, Lei Yao and Dequan Wu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:469
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. HER2 is a well-established prognostic and predictive factor in invasive breast cancer. The role of HER2 in ductal breast carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is debated and recent data have suggested that HER2 is mainly rela...

    Authors: Signe Borgquist, Wenjing Zhou, Karin Jirström, Rose-Marie Amini, Thomas Sollie, Therese Sørlie, Carl Blomqvist, Salma Butt and Fredrik Wärnberg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:468
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Uveal melanoma is characterised by mutations in GNAQ and GNA11, resulting in Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway activation. Treatment with selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886), a MEK1/2 inhibitor, results in antitumour effect...

    Authors: Richard D. Carvajal, Gary K. Schwartz, Helen Mann, Ian Smith and Paul D. Nathan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:467
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  26. Radiation resistance presents a challenge to the effective treatment of cancer. If therapeutic compounds were capable of resensitizing resistant tumours then a concurrent chemo-radiation treatment could be use...

    Authors: Nataša Anastasov, Ines Höfig, Vanja Radulović, Simon Ströbel, Michael Salomon, Jan Lichtenberg, Ina Rothenaigner, Kamyar Hadian, Jens M. Kelm, Christian Thirion and Michael J. Atkinson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:466
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  27. To compare the overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who were treated with lipiodol-based conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE) with that of patients treated with drug...

    Authors: Roman Kloeckner, Arndt Weinmann, Friederike Prinz, Daniel Pinto dos Santos, Christian Ruckes, Christoph Dueber and Michael Bernhard Pitton
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:465
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Improvement of transduction and augmentation of cytotoxicity are crucial for adenoviruses (Ad)-mediated gene therapy for cancer. Down-regulated expression of type 5 Ad (Ad5) receptors on human tumors hampered ...

    Authors: Shan Yang, Kiyoko Kawamura, Shinya Okamoto, Suguru Yamauchi, Masato Shingyoji, Ikuo Sekine, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Yuji Tada, Koichiro Tatsumi, Kenzo Hiroshima, Hideaki Shimada and Masatoshi Tagawa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:464
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) has been implicated both in tumor suppression and progression, whereby the specific role appears to be context dependent. Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the fema...

    Authors: Natalia Diaz-Valdivia, Denisse Bravo, Hernán Huerta, Soledad Henriquez, Fernando Gabler, Margarita Vega, Carmen Romero, Claudia Calderon, Gareth I. Owen, Lisette Leyton and Andrew F. G. Quest
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:463
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Malignant melanoma has an increasing incidence rate and the metastatic disease is notoriously resistant to standard chemotherapy. Loss of cell cycle checkpoints is frequently found in many cancer types and mak...

    Authors: Gry Irene Magnussen, Elisabeth Emilsen, Karianne Giller Fleten, Birgit Engesæter, Viola Nähse-Kumpf, Roar Fjær, Ana Slipicevic and Vivi Ann Flørenes
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:462
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Overexpression of transketolase-like 1 protein TKTL1 in cancer cells has been reported to correlate with enhanced glycolysis and lactic acid production. Furthermore, enhanced TKTL1 expression was put into cont...

    Authors: Ulrike Kämmerer, Olivier Gires, Nadja Pfetzer, Armin Wiegering, Rainer Johannes Klement and Christoph Otto
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The metabolic effect of intratumor cholesteryl ester (CE) in breast cancer remains poorly understood. The objective was to analyze the relationship between intratumor CE content and clinicopathological variabl...

    Authors: David de Gonzalo-Calvo, Laura López-Vilaró, Laura Nasarre, Maitane Perez-Olabarria, Tania Vázquez, Daniel Escuin, Lina Badimon, Agusti Barnadas, Enrique Lerma and Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:460
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an extremely aggressive cancer that is usually fatal. Although globally morbidity and mortality are increasing, knowledge of the disease remains limited. The Mekong region of Southe...

    Authors: Narong Khuntikeo, Nittaya Chamadol, Puangrat Yongvanit, Watcharin Loilome, Nisana Namwat, Paiboon Sithithaworn, Ross H. Andrews, Trevor N. Petney, Supannee Promthet, Kavin Thinkhamrop, Chaiwat Tawarungruang and Bandit Thinkhamrop
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:459
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  35. Circulating tumor cell (CTCs) counts might serve as early surrogate marker for treatment efficacy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. We prospectively assessed categorical and ...

    Authors: Mark Thalgott, Brigitte Rack, Matthias Eiber, Michael Souvatzoglou, Matthias M. Heck, Caroline Kronester, Ulrich Andergassen, Victoria Kehl, Bernd J. Krause, Jurgen E. Gschwend, Margitta Retz and Roman Nawroth
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:458
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) tumor suppressor is mutated or hypermethylated in up to 70 % of sporadic breast cancers depending on subtype; however, the effects of APC mutation on tumorigenic properties re...

    Authors: Monica K. VanKlompenberg, Claire O. Bedalov, Katia Fernandez Soto and Jenifer R. Prosperi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:457
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2016 16:921

  37. The interactions established between macrophages and cancer cells are largely dependent on instructions from the tumour microenvironment. Macrophages may differentiate into populations with distinct inflammato...

    Authors: Ana P. Cardoso, Marta L. Pinto, Ana T. Pinto, Marta T. Pinto, Cátia Monteiro, Marta I. Oliveira, Susana G. Santos, João B. Relvas, Raquel Seruca, Alberto Mantovani, Marc Mareel, Mário A. Barbosa and Maria J. Oliveira
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:456
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Vinflunine is recommended in the European guideline for the treatment of advanced or metastatic urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) after failure of platinum-based therapy.

    Authors: Margitta Retz, Patrick de Geeter, Peter J. Goebell, Ullrich Matz, Wito de Schultz and Axel Hegele
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:455
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. MAPK7/ERK5 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5) functions within a canonical three-tiered MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) signaling cascade comprising MEK (MAPK/ERK kinase) 5, MEKK(MEK kinase) 2/3...

    Authors: Paul R. Gavine, Mei Wang, Dehua Yu, Eva Hu, Chunlei Huang, Jenny Xia, Xinying Su, Joan Fan, Tianwei Zhang, Qingqing Ye, Li Zheng, Guanshan Zhu, Ziliang Qian, Qingquan Luo, Ying Yong Hou and Qunsheng Ji
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:454
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling has a paradoxical role in cancer development and outcome. Besides, the prognostic significance of the TGFβ1, SMAD4 in breast cancer patients is an area of many...

    Authors: Loay Kassem, Mathieu Deygas, Laurent Fattet, Jonathan Lopez, Thibaut Goulvent, Emilie Lavergne, Sylvie Chabaud, Nicolas Carrabin, Nicolas Chopin, Thomas Bachelot, Germain Gillet, Isabelle Treilleux and Ruth Rimokh
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:453
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage III Colorectal cancer (CRC) is now internationally accepted as standard care for improving patient outcomes. The Adjuvant Chemotherapy Trial of S-1 f...

    Authors: Chu Matsuda, Mamoru Uemura, Ken Nakata, Tatsushi Shingai, Junichi Nishimura, Taishi Hata, Masakazu Ikenaga, Ichiro Takemasa, Tsunekazu Mizushima, Takeshi Kato, Masataka Ikeda, Masayuki Ohue, Kohei Murata, Junichi Hasegawa, Taroh Satoh, Hirofumi Yamamoto…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:452
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  42. c-Met is widely known as a poor prognostic factor in various human malignancies. Previous studies have suggested the involvement of c-Met and/or its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), in esophageal squamo...

    Authors: Yohei Ozawa, Yasuhiro Nakamura, Fumiyoshi Fujishima, Saulo JA Felizola, Kenichiro Takeda, Hiroshi Okamoto, Ken Ito, Hirotaka Ishida, Takuro Konno, Takashi Kamei, Go Miyata, Noriaki Ohuchi and Hironobu Sasano
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:451
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Pulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a rare complication of metastatic cancer with a distinct histological appearance which presents with dyspnoea and pulmonary arterial hypertension and leads...

    Authors: Andrew LK. Ho, Patryk Szulakowsi and Waria HS. Mohamid
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:450
    Content type: Case report Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2015 15:600

  44. Previous studies have mostly focused on the effects of specific constituents of beverages and foods on the risk of esophageal cancer (EC). An increasing number of studies are now emerging examining the health ...

    Authors: Yawen Chen, Yeqing Tong, Chen Yang, Yong Gan, Huilian Sun, Huashan Bi, Shiyi Cao, Xiaoxv Yin and Zuxun Lu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:449
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Although human cancers have heterogeneous combinations of altered oncogenes, some crucial genes are universally dysregulated in most cancers. One such gene, FEAT (faint expression in normal tissues, aberrant over...

    Authors: Hongwei Liang, Zheng Fu, Xueyuan Jiang, Nan Wang, Feng Wang, Xueliang Wang, Suyang Zhang, Yanbo Wang, Xin Yan, Wen-xian Guan, Chen-Yu Zhang, Ke Zen, Yujing Zhang, Xi Chen and Guangxin Zhou
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:448
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Although lymph node (LN) status and the LN burden determine the outcome of bladder cancer patients treated with cystectomy, compelling arguments have been made for the incorporation of LN density into the curr...

    Authors: Ja Hyeon Ku, Minyong Kang, Hyung Suk Kim, Chang Wook Jeong, Cheol Kwak and Hyeon Hoe Kim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:447
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. This study aimed to provide an updated analysis of childhood cancer mortality rates and long-term trends to 2013 to describe the current level of deaths and identify changes in recent decades.

    Authors: Limin Yang and Junichiro Fujimoto
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:446
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Fever is common in malignant tumors. We report an exceptional case of psychogenic fever in a patient with small cell lung cancer. This is the first case report of psychogenic fever in a patient with small cell...

    Authors: Mengdan Xu, Xiaoye Zhang, Zhaoguo Xu, Guoyuan Cui, Li Yu, Xiaoying Qi, Jia Lin and Yan Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:445
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  49. The mechanisms allowing residual multiple myeloma (MM) cells to persist after bortezomib (Bz) treatment remain unclear. We hypothesized that studying the biology of bortezomib-surviving cells may reveal marker...

    Authors: Alfred Adomako, Veronica Calvo, Noa Biran, Keren Osman, Ajai Chari, James C Paton, Adrienne W Paton, Kateri Moore, Denis M Schewe and Julio A Aguirre-Ghiso
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:444
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Low uptake of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is a cause for concern. This study explored people’s anticipated response to receiving the test kit to shed light on past screening uptake and help inform future...

    Authors: Siu Hing Lo, Jo Waller, Charlotte Vrinten and Christian von Wagner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:438
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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