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  1. At present, there are no widely accepted criteria for the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) in the context of effective modern-agent therapies. We aime...

    Authors: Axel Stang, Karl Jürgen Oldhafer, Hauke Weilert, Handan Keles and Marcello Donati
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:500
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Podocalyxin (PODXL) is a transmembrane sialomucin, whose aberrant expression and/or allelic variation associates with poor prognosis and unfavourable clinicopathological characteristics in different cancers. M...

    Authors: Tuomas Kaprio, Jaana Hagström, Christian Fermér, Harri Mustonen, Camilla Böckelman, Olle Nilsson and Caj Haglund
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:494
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Over two decades ago, a proposal was that two different colorectal cancer (CRC) entities existed, based on tumour location either proximal (right) or distal (left) of the splenic flexure. Proximal and distal t...

    Authors: Tuomas Kaprio, Christian Fermér, Jaana Hagström, Harri Mustonen, Camilla Böckelman, Olle Nilsson and Caj Haglund
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:493
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The preoperative characterization of thyroid nodules is a challenge for the clinicians. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the commonly used pre-operative technique for diagnosis of malignant thyroid tumor. Howev...

    Authors: Vanessa Arcolia, Paula Paci, Ludovic Dhont, Gilbert Chantrain, Nicolas Sirtaine, Christine Decaestecker, Myriam Remmelink, Alexandra Belayew and Sven Saussez
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:492
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The objective of this study was to evaluate the radiation dose and response in terms of local-regional progression-free survival (LRPFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with stage IV non-small cell lung ...

    Authors: Wei-Wei Ouyang, Sheng-Fa Su, Yin-Xiang Hu, Bing Lu, Zhu Ma, Qing-Song Li, Hui-Qin Li and Yi-Chao Geng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:491
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Elevated serum YKL-40 levels have been observed in various cancers. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of serum YKL-40 alone or in combination with the CEA, CYFRA21-1 and SCCA tumor markers for patients w...

    Authors: Xin Zheng, Shan Xing, Xiao-Min Liu, Wen Liu, Dan Liu, Pei-Dong Chi, Hao Chen, Shu-Qin Dai, Qian Zhong, Mu-Sheng Zeng and Wan-Li Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:490
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibit functional abnormalities in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The microRNAs (miRNAs) are identified as the key modulators in Tregs. This study was to explore whe...

    Authors: Long Chen, Huiying Ma, Heng Hu, Lingling Gao, Xuan Wang, Jiaqi Ma, Qiang Gao, Binbin Liu, Guomin Zhou and Chunmin Liang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:489
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The methylation of DNA is recognized as a key epigenetic mechanism and evidence for its role in the development of several malignancies is accumulating. We evaluated the relationship between global methylation...

    Authors: Will D King, Janet E Ashbury, Sherryl A Taylor, M Yat Tse, Stephen C Pang, Jacob A Louw and Stephen J Vanner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:488
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Mechanisms governing the metastasis of endometrial cancer (EC) are poorly defined. Recent data support a role for Enhancer-of-split and hairy-related protein 1 (SHARP1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription ...

    Authors: Yun Liao, Xiaoying He, Haifeng Qiu, Qi Che, Fangyuan Wang, Wen Lu, Zheng Chen, Meiting Qiu, Jingyun Wang, Huihui Wang and Xiaoping Wan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:487
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Evasion of immune surveillance and suppression of the immune system are important hallmarks of tumorigenesis. The goal of this study was to establish distinct patterns that reflect a rectal tumors’ immune-phen...

    Authors: Marlies S Reimers, Charla C Engels, Hein Putter, Hans Morreau, Gerrit Jan Liefers, Cornelis JH van de Velde and Peter JK Kuppen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:486
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. To compare pain response outcomes for patients with spinal bone metastases treated with resistance training of the spinal musculature versus passive physical therapy during radiotherapy (RT).

    Authors: Harald Rief, Thomas Welzel, Georg Omlor, Michael Akbar, Thomas Bruckner, Stefan Rieken, Matthias F Haefner, Ingmar Schlampp, Alexandros Gioules and Jürgen Debus
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:485
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Recent reports support a novel biological phenomenon about cancer related neurogenesis. However, little is known about the clinicopathological significance of neurogenesis in breast cancer.

    Authors: Qianqian Zhao, Yan Yang, Xizi Liang, Guangye Du, Liwei Liu, Lingjuan Lu, Junbo Dong, Hongxiu Han and Guohua Zhang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:484
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Chk1 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials in combination with a range of cytotoxic agents and have the potential to potentiate the clinical activity of a large number of standard of care chemotherapeuti...

    Authors: Rebecca Rawlinson and Andrew J Massey
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:483
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Metastasis to the breast from nonmammary malignancies is rare, and mostly involves patients in a pre-terminal condition with systemic metastases outside the breast. Lymphoma and leukemia, melanoma, and lung ca...

    Authors: Masahiro Yokouchi, Satoshi Nagano, Yuko Kijima, Takako Yoshioka, Akihide Tanimoto, Shoji Natsugoe and Setsuro Komiya
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:482
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  15. The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) in cancer prevention has been demonstrated; however, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of ω3-PUFAs are not fully under...

    Authors: Soyeon Jeong, Kaipeng Jing, Nayeong Kim, Soyeon Shin, Soyeon Kim, Kyoung-Sub Song, Jun-Young Heo, Ji-Hoon Park, Kang-Sik Seo, Jeongsu Han, Tong Wu, Gi-Ryang Kweon, Seung-Kiel Park, Jong-Il Park and Kyu Lim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:481
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Both Wnt5a overexpression and macrophage infiltration have been implicated in inflammation and cancer. The aim of this study is to reveal the involvement of Wnt5a in macrophage recruitment in gastric cancer.

    Authors: Shengjun Li, Wei Wang, Ning Zhang, Tingxian Ma and Chenghai Zhao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:480
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Altered expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is associated with tumorigenesis and progression. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of AEG-1 expression in ...

    Authors: Yan Huang, Guo-Ping Ren, Chao Xu, Shui-Feng Dong, Ying Wang, Yun Gan, Li Zhu and Tian-Yuan Feng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:479
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. CHEK2 is a multi-cancer susceptibility gene whose common germline mutations are known to contribute to the risk of developing breast and prostate cancer.

    Authors: Gianluca Tedaldi, Rita Danesi, Valentina Zampiga, Michela Tebaldi, Lucia Bedei, Wainer Zoli, Dino Amadori, Fabio Falcini and Daniele Calistri
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:478
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  19. RhoC is a small G protein/GTPase and involved in tumor mobility, invasion and metastasis. Previously, up-regulated RhoC expression is found to play an important role in ovarian carcinogenesis and subsequent pr...

    Authors: Wen-feng Gou, Yang Zhao, Hang Lu, Xue-feng Yang, Yin-ling Xiu, Shuang Zhao, Jian-min Liu, Zhi-tu Zhu, Hong-zhi Sun, Yun-peng Liu, Feng Xu, Yasuo Takano and Hua-chuan Zheng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:477
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Combination of fluoropyrimidines and a platinum derivative are currently standards for systemic chemotherapy in advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Nevertheless, individ...

    Authors: Thomas Thomaidis, Annett Maderer, Salah-Eddin Al-Batran, Janis Kany, Claudia Pauligk, Kristina Steinmetz, Arno Schad, Ralf Hofheinz, Harald Schmalenberg, Nils Homann, Peter Robert Galle and Markus Moehler
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:476
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Genome-wide linkage studies have identified the 9q22 chromosomal region as linked with colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition. A candidate gene in this region is transforming growth factor β receptor 1 (TGFBR1...

    Authors: Jason P Ross, Linda J Lockett, Bruce Tabor, Ian W Saunders, Graeme P Young, Finlay Macrae, Ignacio Blanco, Gabriel Capella, Glenn S Brown, Trevor J Lockett and Garry N Hannan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:475
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality in Britain have been shown to be present in the 1990s and early 2000s. Little is known about on-going patterns in such inequalities in cancer mortality. We examin...

    Authors: Sheena E Ramsay, Richard W Morris, Peter H Whincup, Anna Olia Papacosta, Lucy T Lennon and Sasiwarang Goya Wannamethee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:474
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Patients with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) receiving platinum-based chemotherapy as their first-line treatment have a dismal prognosis, with a median overall ...

    Authors: Jean-Pascal H Machiels, Lisa F Licitra, Robert I Haddad, Makoto Tahara and Ezra EW Cohen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:473
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  24. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play role in tumor dissemination and are an independent survival predictor in breast cancer (BC) ...

    Authors: Zuzana Cierna, Michal Mego, Pavol Janega, Marian Karaba, Gabriel Minarik, Juraj Benca, Tatiana Sedlácková, Silvia Cingelova, Paulina Gronesova, Denisa Manasova, Daniel Pindak, Jozef Sufliarsky, Ludovit Danihel, James M Reuben and Jozef Mardiak
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:472
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Advanced pancreatic cancer confers poor prognosis and treatment advancement has been slow. Recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have demonstrated survival benefits for combination therapy compared to gemci...

    Authors: Gillian K Gresham, George A Wells, Sharlene Gill, Christopher Cameron and Derek J Jonker
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:471
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Genetic predisposition is the primary risk factor for familial breast cancer. For the majority of familial breast cancer, however, the genetic predispositions remain unknown. All newly identified predispositio...

    Authors: Hongxiu Wen, Yeong C Kim, Carrie Snyder, Fengxia Xiao, Elizabeth A Fleissner, Dina Becirovic, Jiangtao Luo, Bradley Downs, Simon Sherman, Kenneth H Cowan, Henry T Lynch and San Ming Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:470
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Several epidemiological studies have previously investigated the association between the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) susceptibility; however, current results are inconsisten...

    Authors: Xian-Tao Zeng, Wei Luo, Pei-Liang Geng, Yi Guo, Yu-Ming Niu and Wei-Dong Leng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:469
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Diagnosing adipocytic tumors can be challenging because it is often difficult to morphologically distinguish between benign, intermediate and malignant adipocytic tumors, and other sarcomas that are histologic...

    Authors: Taro Sasaki, Akira Ogose, Hiroyuki Kawashima, Tetsuo Hotta, Hiroshi Hatano, Takashi Ariizumi, Hajime Umezu, Riuko Ohashi, Tsuyoshi Tohyama, Naohito Tanabe and Naoto Endo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:468
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Breast cancer affects one in eight UK women during their lifetime: many of these women now receive adjuvant chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Joint and muscle pains, aches, and stiffness are common but the nat...

    Authors: Deborah Fenlon, Cassandra Powers, Peter Simmonds, Joanne Clough and Julia Addington-Hall
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:467
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Recent work led to recognize sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) as precursor to many of the sporadic colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI). However, comprehensive analyses of DNA methylation in...

    Authors: Yuta Muto, Takafumi Maeda, Koichi Suzuki, Takaharu Kato, Fumiaki Watanabe, Hidenori Kamiyama, Masaaki Saito, Kei Koizumi, Yuichiro Miyaki, Fumio Konishi, Sergio Alonso, Manuel Perucho and Toshiki Rikiyama
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:466
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The goal of this study was to determine the prognostic factors associated with an improved overall outcome after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for primary lung cancer and metastatic lung tumors.

    Authors: Takaya Yamamoto, Keiichi Jingu, Yuko Shirata, Masashi Koto, Haruo Matsushita, Toshiyuki Sugawara, Masaki Kubozono, Rei Umezawa, Keiko Abe, Noriyuki Kadoya, Youjirou Ishikawa, Maiko Kozumi, Noriyoshi Takahashi, Ken Takeda and Yoshihiro Takai
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:464
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Aberrantly activated Notch signaling has been found in more than 50% of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Current strategies that employ γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) to target Notch a...

    Authors: Wei Fu, Kai Wang, Jun-Long Zhao, Heng-Chao Yu, San-Zhong Li, Yan Lin, Liang Liang, Si-Yong Huang, Ying-Min Liang, Hua Han and Hong-Yan Qin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:463
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Bortezomib offers a novel approach to the treatment of multiple myeloma producing rapid control. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of bortezomib and dexamethasone-treated patients with mult...

    Authors: Takayoshi Kiba, Takuo Ito, Toshihisa Nakashima, Yoshiko Okikawa, Miki Kido, Akiko Kimura, Keita Kameda, Fumiaki Miyamae, Suzuko Tanaka, Misao Atsumi, Yoko Sumitani, Yoshimi Shitakubo and Hiromasa Niimi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:462
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Kinesin family member 2a (KIF2A), a type of motor protein found in eukaryotic cells, is associated with development and progression of various human cancers. The role of KIF2A during breast cancer tumorigenesi...

    Authors: Jianli Wang, Siqin Ma, Rong Ma, Xun Qu, Wenjun Liu, Cuixia Lv, Song Zhao and Yunyun Gong
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:461
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The combination of virotherapy and chemotherapy may enable efficient tumor regression that would be unachievable using either therapy alone. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of transgene delivery ...

    Authors: Anna Zajakina, Jelena Vasilevska, Dmitry Zhulenkovs, Dace Skrastina, Artjoms Spaks, Aiva Plotniece and Tatjana Kozlovska
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:460
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Expression of integrin α3β1 is associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis in several cancers, including breast cancer. Moreover, preclinical studies have revealed important pro-tumorigen...

    Authors: Anshu Aggarwal, Rami N Al-Rohil, Anupam Batra, Paul J Feustel, David M Jones and C Michael DiPersio
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:459
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been implicated in oncogenesis and progression of adenocarcinomas of the pancreatic head. The data on the prognostic importance of COX expression in these tumours...

    Authors: Ewa Pomianowska, Aasa R Schjølberg, Ole Petter F Clausen and Ivar P Gladhaug
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:458
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Prostate tumor overexpressed 1 (PTOV1) was demonstrated to play an important role in cancer progression and was correlated with unfavorable clinical outcome. However, the clinical role of PTOV1 in cancer remai...

    Authors: Fangyong Lei, Longjuan Zhang, Xinghua Li, Xi Lin, Shu Wu, Fengyan Li and Junling Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:457
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Therapeutic decisions in cancer are generally guided by molecular biomarkers or, for some newer therapeutics, primary tumor genotype. However, because biomarkers or genotypes may change as new metastases emerg...

    Authors: Glenn Deng, Sujatha Krishnakumar, Ashley A Powell, Haiyu Zhang, Michael N Mindrinos, Melinda L Telli, Ronald W Davis and Stefanie S Jeffrey
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:456
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a therapeutically unresolved, aggressive, soft tissue sarcoma (STS) that predominantly affects young adults. This sarcoma is defined by t(12;22)(q13;q12) translocation, which leads ...

    Authors: Hidetatsu Outani, Takaaki Tanaka, Toru Wakamatsu, Yoshinori Imura, Kenichiro Hamada, Nobuhito Araki, Kazuyuki Itoh, Hideki Yoshikawa and Norifumi Naka
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:455
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Cancer remains the second leading cause of mortality in the United States. Special events such as health fairs, screening days or cultural festivals are employed often for community education about cancer scre...

    Authors: Cam Escoffery, Kirsten C Rodgers, Michelle C Kegler, Mary Ayala, Erika Pinsker and Regine Haardörfer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:454
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a well-established imaging modality for a wide variety of solid malignancies. Currently, only limited data exists reg...

    Authors: Stephen P Povoski, Douglas A Murrey Jr, Sabrina M Smith, Edward W Martin Jr and Nathan C Hall
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:453
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Glioma is the most common primary malignant central nervous system tumor in adult, and is usually not curable due to its invasive nature. Establishment of serum biomarkers for glioma would be beneficial both f...

    Authors: Masayo Adachi-Hayama, Akihiko Adachi, Natsuki Shinozaki, Tomoo Matsutani, Takaki Hiwasa, Masaki Takiguchi, Naokatsu Saeki and Yasuo Iwadate
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:452
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. HIV infection leads to a decreasing immune response, thereby facilitating the appearance of other infections, one of the most important ones being HPV. However, studies are needed for determining associations ...

    Authors: Milena Camargo, Sara C Soto-De Leon, Marina Munoz, Ricardo Sanchez, Diego Peña-Herrera, Andrea Clemencia Pineda-Peña, Otto Sussmann, Carol Paez, Antonio Perez-Prados, Manuel Elkin Patarroyo and Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:451
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Glioblastomas are largely unresponsive to all available treatments and there is therefore an urgent need for novel therapeutics. Here we have probed the antineoplastic effects of a bacterial protein toxin, the...

    Authors: Eleonora Vannini, Anna Panighini, Chiara Cerri, Alessia Fabbri, Simonetta Lisi, Enrico Pracucci, Nicola Benedetto, Riccardo Vannozzi, Carla Fiorentini, Matteo Caleo and Mario Costa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:449
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. MicroRNAs (miRs) represent a distinct class of posttranscriptional modulators of gene expression with remarkable stability in sera. Several miRs are oncogenic (oncomiRs) and are deregulated in the pathogenesis...

    Authors: Marek Sochor, Petra Basova, Michal Pesta, Nina Dusilkova, Jiri Bartos, Pavel Burda, Vit Pospisil and Tomas Stopka
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:448
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. In this study, high risk clinical target volumes (HR-CTVs) according to GEC-ESTRO guideline were contoured retrospectively based on CT images taken at the time of high-dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HD...

    Authors: Naoya Murakami, Takahiro Kasamatsu, Akihisa Wakita, Satoshi Nakamura, Hiroyoki Okamoto, Koji Inaba, Madoka Morota, Yoshinori Ito, Minako Sumi and Jun Itami
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:447
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1) has been identified as a putative cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in breast cancer. However, the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of this protei...

    Authors: Ying Liu, Dong-lai Lv, Jiang-jie Duan, Sen-lin Xu, Jing-fang Zhang, Xiao-jun Yang, Xia Zhang, You-hong Cui, Xiu-wu Bian and Shi-cang Yu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:444
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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