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  1. Sound and rigorous well-established, and newly extended, methods for genetic epidemiological analysis were used to analyze population evidence for genetic contributions to risk for numerous common cancer sites...

    Authors: Frederick Albright, Craig Teerlink, Theresa L Werner and Lisa A Cannon-Albright
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Treatment standard for patients with rectal cancer depends on the initial staging and includes surgical resection, radiotherapy as well as chemotherapy. For stage II and III tumors, radiochemotherapy should be...

    Authors: Stephanie E Combs, Meinhard Kieser, Daniel Habermehl, Jürgen Weitz, Dirk Jäger, Piero Fossati, Roberto Orrechia, Rita Engenhart-Cabillic, Richard Pötter, Manjit Dosanjh, Oliver Jäkel, Markus W Büchler and Jürgen Debus
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:137
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  3. Clinical relevance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer is controversial. Here, we used a tumor microarray including a large series of ductal and lobular breast cancers with long term foll...

    Authors: Raoul Droeser, Inti Zlobec, Ergin Kilic, Uwe Güth, Michael Heberer, Giulio Spagnoli, Daniel Oertli and Coya Tapia
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:134
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Breast cancer outcome, including response to therapy, risk of metastasis and survival, is difficult to predict using currently available methods, highlighting the urgent need for more informative biomarkers. A...

    Authors: Kate M Peters, Stacey L Edwards, Shalima S Nair, Juliet D French, Peter J Bailey, Kathryn Salkield, Sandra Stein, Sarah Wagner, Glenn D Francis, Susan J Clark and Melissa A Brown
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:132
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. It is well known that osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in tumor progression and that a high OPN expression level in several tumor entities correlates with poor prognosis in cancer patients. However, l...

    Authors: Antje Hahnel, Henri Wichmann, Thomas Greither, Matthias Kappler, Peter Würl, Matthias Kotzsch, Helge Taubert, Dirk Vordermark and Matthias Bache
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:131
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Nitric oxide (NO) and its oxidative reaction products have been repeatedly shown to block steroid receptor function via nitrosation of zinc finger structures in the DNA-binding domain (DBD). In consequence NO-...

    Authors: Martin Laschak, Klaus-Dieter Spindler, Andres J Schrader, Andrea Hessenauer, Wolfgang Streicher, Mark Schrader and Marcus V Cronauer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:130
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis, therefore antiangiogenic therapy was widely investigated as a promising approach for cancer therapy. Recently, pigment epithelium-derived fa...

    Authors: Qin Jie Wu, Chang Yang Gong, Shun Tao Luo, Dong Mei Zhang, Shuang Zhang, Hua Shan Shi, Lian Lu, Heng Xiu Yan, Sha Sha He, Dan Dan Li, Li Yang, Xia Zhao and Yu Quan Wei
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:129
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Population-based studies on endometrial cancer providing survival estimates by age, histology, and stage have been sparse. We aimed to derive most up-to-date and detailed survival estimates for endometrial can...

    Authors: Tianhui Chen, Lina Jansen, Adam Gondos, Meike Ressing, Bernd Holleczek, Alexander Katalinic and Hermann Brenner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:128
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Activation of MEK5 in many cancers is associated with carcinogenesis through aberrant cell proliferation. In this study, we determined the level of phosphorylated MEK5 (pMEK5) expression in human colorectal ca...

    Authors: Bang Hu, Donglin Ren, Dan Su, Hongcheng Lin, Zhenyu Xian, Xingyang Wan, Junxiao Zhang, Xinhui Fu, Li Jiang, Dechan Diao, Xinjuan Fan, Lei Wang and Jianping Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:127
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is associated with underlying immunosuppression, so it may be a prognostic marker in patients with subsequent cancer. We therefore conducted a nationwide population-base...

    Authors: Sigrun Alba Johannesdottir, Timothy L Lash, Annette Østergaard Jensen, Dóra Körmendiné Farkas and Anne Braae Olesen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:126
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes its latency in EBV-associated malignancies, accompanied by occasionally reactivated lytic cycle. Promoter CpG methylation of EBV genome plays an essential role in maintaini...

    Authors: Lili Li, Xianwei Su, Gigi Ching Gee Choi, Ya Cao, Richard F Ambinder and Qian Tao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. With over 20 million formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples archived each year in the United States alone, archival tissues remain a vast and under-utilized resource in the genomic study of ca...

    Authors: Levi Waldron, Peter Simpson, Giovanni Parmigiani and Curtis Huttenhower
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:124
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  13. Studies indicate that strength training has beneficial effects on clinical health outcomes in prostate cancer patients during androgen deprivation therapy. However, randomized controlled trials are needed to s...

    Authors: Lene Thorsen, Tormod S Nilsen, Truls Raastad, Kerry S Courneya, Eva Skovlund and Sophie D Fosså
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:123
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  14. Although socioeconomic status (SES) has been focused on as a key determinant of cancer stage at diagosis in western countries, there has been no systemic study on the relationship of SES and breast cancer stag...

    Authors: Qiong Wang, Jing Li, Shan Zheng, Jia-Yuan Li, Yi Pang, Rong Huang, Bao-Ning Zhang, Bin Zhang, Hong-Jian Yang, Xiao-Ming Xie, Zhong-Hua Tang, Hui Li, Jian-Jun He, Jin-Hu Fan and You-Lin Qiao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:122
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that contribute to all stages of tumour progression, including the later stages of invasion and metastasis. Genetic variants in the MMP genes may influence t...

    Authors: Patricia González-Arriaga, Teresa Pascual, Arturo García-Alvarez, Ana Fernández-Somoano, M Felicitas López-Cima and Adonina Tardón
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:121
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibit characteristics quite distinct from other kinds of breast cancer, presenting as an aggressive disease--recurring and metastasizing more often than other kinds of br...

    Authors: Punit Kaur, Ganachari M Nagaraja, Hongying Zheng, Dawit Gizachew, Moses Galukande, Sunil Krishnan and Alexzander Asea
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:120
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. P53 mutations are an adverse prognostic factor in esophageal cancer. P53 and KRas mutations are involved in chemo-radioresistance. Circulating anti-p53 or anti-KRas antibodies are associated with gene mutation...

    Authors: Pierre Blanchard, Laurent Quero, Vincent Pacault, Marie-Helene Schlageter, Valerie Baruch-Hennequin and Christophe Hennequin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:119
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Colorectal cancer is one of the major neoplasms and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and new preventive strategies are needed to lower the burden of this disease. Metformin, a biguanide, which is wid...

    Authors: Takuma Higurashi, Hirokazu Takahashi, Hiroki Endo, Kunihiro Hosono, Eiji Yamada, Hidenori Ohkubo, Eiji Sakai, Takashi Uchiyama, Yasuo Hata, Nobutaka Fujisawa, Shiori Uchiyama, Akiko Ezuka, Hajime Nagase, Takaomi Kessoku, Nobuyuki Matsuhashi, Shoji Yamanaka…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:118
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  19. Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare, aggressive tumor with no established treatment in children. We analyzed a series of pediatric ENB patients with the aim of improving our knowledge of this disease.

    Authors: Gianni Bisogno, Pietro Soloni, Massimo Conte, Marta Podda, Andrea Ferrari, Alberto Garaventa, Roberto Luksch and Giovanni Cecchetto
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:117
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Abnormal expression of Rho-GTPases has been reported in several human cancers. However, the expression of these proteins in cervical cancer has been poorly investigated. In this study we analyzed the expressio...

    Authors: Miguel A Mendoza-Catalán, Gema R Cristóbal-Mondragón, Jesús Adame-Gómez, Heidi N del Valle-Flores, José Fco Coppe, Laura Sierra-López, Mirna A Romero-Hernández, Luz del Carmen Alarcón-Romero, Berenice Illades-Aguiar and Eduardo Castañeda-Saucedo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. An elevated level of EMMPRIN in cancer tissues have been correlated with tumor invasion in numerous cancers including oral cavity and larynx. Although EMMPRIN's effect has been generally attributed to its MMP ...

    Authors: Géraldine Lescaille, Suzanne Menashi, Bénédicte Cavelier-Balloy, Farah Khayati, Cathy Quemener, Marie Pierre Podgorniak, Benyoussef Naïmi, Fabien Calvo, Céleste Lebbe and Samia Mourah
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:115
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event likely involved in dissemination of epithelial cancer cells. This process enables them to acquire migratory/invasive properties, contributing to tumor...

    Authors: Guislaine Barrière, Alain Riouallon, Joël Renaudie, Michel Tartary and Michel Rigaud
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:114
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Diet has long been suspected to impact on breast cancer risk. In this study we evaluated whether the degree of adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern modifies breast cancer risk amongst Greek-Cypriot women.

    Authors: Christiana A Demetriou, Andreas Hadjisavvas, Maria A Loizidou, Giorgos Loucaides, Ioanna Neophytou, Sabina Sieri, Eleni Kakouri, Nicos Middleton, Paolo Vineis and Kyriacos Kyriacou
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:113
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The current standard treatment, at least in Europe, for patients with primarily resectable tumors, consists of surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. But even in this prognostic favourable group, long term...

    Authors: Falk Roeder, Carmen Timke, Ladan Saleh-Ebrahimi, Lutz Schneider, Thilo Hackert, Werner Hartwig, Annette Kopp-Schneider, Frank W Hensley, Markus W Buechler, Juergen Debus, Peter E Huber and Jens Werner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:112
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  25. miRNAs are a group of small RNA molecules regulating target genes by inducing mRNA degradation or translational repression. Aberrant expression of miRNAs correlates with various cancers. Although miR-135a has ...

    Authors: Yating Chen, Jin Zhang, Huijun Wang, Jiayi Zhao, Cheng Xu, Yingying Du, Xin Luo, Fengyun Zheng, Rui Liu, Hongwei Zhang and Duan Ma
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:111
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Patients with high Gleason score, elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, and advanced clinical stage are at increased risk for both local and systemic relapse. Recent data suggests higher radiation do...

    Authors: Hiroyuki Konaka, Shin Egawa, Shiro Saito, Atsunori Yorozu, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Keiko Miyakoda, Masanori Fukushima, Takushi Dokiya, Hidetoshi Yamanaka, Nelson N Stone and Mikio Namiki
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:110
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  27. Organic cation transporters (OCT) are responsible for the uptake and intracellular inactivation of a broad spectrum of endogenous substrates and detoxification of xenobiotics and chemotherapeutics. The transpo...

    Authors: Michael Heise, Anja Lautem, Johanna Knapstein, Jörn M Schattenberg, Maria Hoppe-Lotichius, Daniel Foltys, Nina Weiler, Anca Zimmermann, Arno Schad, Dirk Gründemann, Gerd Otto, Peter R Galle, Marcus Schuchmann and Tim Zimmermann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:109
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody cetuximab has proven activity in metastatic colorectal cancer. To date, the mechanisms of action are not completely understood. Especially the impact on...

    Authors: Anne Katrin Berger, Carl von Gall, Ulrich Abel, Stefan Delorme, Matthias Kloor, Jennifer Ose, Tim Frederik Weber, Annika Stange, Georg Martin Haag, Uwe Haberkorn, Florian Lordick and Dirk Jäger
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:108
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  29. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) mutational status is recognized factor related to the results of tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy such as imatinib (IM) or sunitinib (SU). Arterial hypertension (AH) is...

    Authors: Piotr Rutkowski, Elżbieta Bylina, Anna Klimczak, Tomasz Świtaj, Sławomir Falkowski, Jacek Kroc, Iwona Ługowska, Magdalena Brzeskwiniewicz, Wojciech Melerowicz, Czesław Osuch, Ewa Mierzejewska, Kacper Wasielewski, Agnieszka Woźniak, Urszula Grzesiakowska, Zbigniew I Nowecki, Janusz A Siedlecki…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:107
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Traditional determinants proven to be of prognostic importance in breast cancer include the TNM staging, histological grade, proliferative activity, hormone receptor status and HER2 overexpression. One of the ...

    Authors: Andrea Malfettone, Concetta Saponaro, Angelo Paradiso, Giovanni Simone and Annita Mangia
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:106
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. A single nucleotide polymorphism located in the 3'-untranslated region of the KRAS oncogene (KRAS variant; rs61764370) disrupts a let-7 miRNA binding and was recently reported to act as a genetic marker for incre...

    Authors: Jasmina-Ziva Cerne, Vida Stegel, Ksenija Gersak and Srdjan Novakovic
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. RRM1 and ERCC1 overexpression has been extensively investigated as potential predictive markers of tumor sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy agents, most thoroughly in lung cancer. However, data in pancre...

    Authors: Matias E Valsecchi, Thomas Holdbrook, Benjamin E Leiby, Edward Pequignot, Susan J Littman, Charles J Yeo, Jonathan R Brody and Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:104
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Despite aggressive multimodal treatments the overall survival of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma remains poor. The aim of this study was to identify novel combination chemotherapy to improve survival rat...

    Authors: Patricia S Tsang, Adam T Cheuk, Qing-Rong Chen, Young K Song, Thomas C Badgett, Jun S Wei and Javed Khan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. First full term pregnancy (FFTP) completed at a young age has been linked to low long term breast cancer risk, whereas late FFTP pregnancy age confers high long term risk, compared to nulliparity. Our hypothes...

    Authors: Wenyi Qin, Ke Zhang, Beth Kliethermes, Rachel L Ruhlen, Eva P Browne, Kathleen F Arcaro and Edward R Sauter
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:100
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The treatment of patients with malignant brain tumors remains a major oncological problem. The median survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most malignant type, is only 15 months after i...

    Authors: Karsten Geletneky, Johannes Huesing, Jean Rommelaere, Joerg R Schlehofer, Barbara Leuchs, Michael Dahm, Ottheinz Krebs, Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz, Bernard Huber and Jacek Hajda
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:99
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  38. The characteristics of cervical lymphatic metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are not completely understood. As such, radiotherapy to the entire lymphatic of the neck bilaterally has been empirically ...

    Authors: Francis CH Ho, Ivan WK Tham, Arul Earnest, Khai Mun Lee and Jiade J Lu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:98
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Prenylated Rab acceptor 1 domain family member 3 (PRAF3) is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes including apoptosis, migration and invasion. This study was conducted to investigate the effect...

    Authors: Guo-Zhen Shi, Yang Yuan, Guo-Jun Jiang, Zhi-Jun Ge, Jian Zhou, De-Jun Gong, Jing Tao, Yong-Fei Tan and Sheng-Dong Huang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor that often affects children and young adults. Although a combination of surgery and chemotherapy has improved the survival rate in the past decades, local recurrence and metastases...

    Authors: Fritz Wimbauer, Caihong Yang, Kristen L Shogren, Minzhi Zhang, Ribu Goyal, Scott M Riester, Michael J Yaszemski and Avudaiappan Maran
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The incidence of melanoma is considerably increasing worldwide. Frequent failing of classical treatments led to development of novel therapeutic strategies aiming at managing advanced forms of this skin cancer...

    Authors: Laurie Hamtiaux, Julien Masquelier, Giulio G Muccioli, Caroline Bouzin, Olivier Feron, Bernard Gallez and Didier M Lambert
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a molecular process through which an epithelial cell undergoes transdifferentiation into a mesenchymal phenotype. The role of EMT in embryogenesis is well-char...

    Authors: Alexandria M Haslehurst, Madhuri Koti, Moyez Dharsee, Paulo Nuin, Ken Evans, Joseph Geraci, Timothy Childs, Jian Chen, Jieran Li, Johanne Weberpals, Scott Davey, Jeremy Squire, Paul C Park and Harriet Feilotter
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), one of the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, prior to routine immunohistochemical staining and the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors...

    Authors: Jerry Call, Christopher D Walentas, Jens C Eickhoff and Norman Scherzer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Bevacizumab has an important role in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. However, clinical trials studying its effect have involved distinct chemotherapy regimens with divergent results. The ...

    Authors: Ligia Traldi Macedo, Andre Bacellar da Costa Lima and Andre Deeke Sasse
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Amphiregulin (AREG) and Epiregulin (EREG), ligands of EGFR, are reported to be predictive biomarkers of colorectal cancer patients treated with Cetuximab, an anti-EGFR antibody. The purpose of this study is to...

    Authors: Hidekazu Kuramochi, Go Nakajima, Yuka Kaneko, Ayako Nakamura, Yuji Inoue, Masakazu Yamamoto and Kazuhiko Hayashi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI), defined as the presence of gas in the bowel wall, and portal venous gas (PVG) are relatively rare radiological findings. Although several chemotherapeutic agents and anti-vascula...

    Authors: Joo Young Lee, Hye-Suk Han, Sung-Nam Lim, Young Kwang Shim, Yong Hyeok Choi, Ok-Jun Lee, Ki Hyeong Lee and Seung Taik Kim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:87
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  50. MicroRNA-126 is the only microRNA (miRNA) known to be endothelial cell-specific influencing angiogenesis in several ways. The aim of the present study was to analyse the possible predictive value of miRNA-126 ...

    Authors: Torben Frøstrup Hansen, Flemming Brandt Sørensen, Jan Lindebjerg and Anders Jakobsen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:83
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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