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  1. Selection of high-risk subjects for endoscopic screening of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) lacks individual predictive tools based on environmental risk factors.

    Authors: Xiaorong Yang, Chen Suo, Tongchao Zhang, Xiaolin Yin, Jinyu Man, Ziyu Yuan, Hui Chen, Jingru Yu, Li Jin, Xingdong Chen, Ming Lu and Weimin Ye
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:343
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human serum albumin /granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rHSA/G-CSF) in breast cancer following receipt of cytotoxic agents.

    Authors: Shanshan Chen, Yiqun Han, Quchang Ouyang, Jianguo Lu, Qingyuan Zhang, Shun’e Yang, Jingfen Wang, Haixin Huang, Hong Liu, Zhimin Shao, Hui Li, Zhendong Chen, Sanyuan Sun, Cuizhi Geng, Junguo Lu, Jianwei Sun…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:341
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly proliferative, rapidly growing tumor with a poor prognosis, even in cases of limited disease (LD). Timely and accurate high-intensity therapy is necessary. For concurr...

    Authors: Seo Ree Kim, Ji Hyung Hong, Soo-Yoon Sung, Yeo Hyung Kim, Sang Hoon Chun, Hyun Woo Lee, Jung Soo Lee and Yoon Ho Ko
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:340
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Complete surgical remission (CSR) is the best predictor of overall survival (OS) for patients with metastatic osteosarcoma. However, metastasectomy has not been widely implemented in China in the last decade d...

    Authors: Lu Xie, Jie Xu, Xiaowei Li, Zuli Zhou, Hongqing Zhuang, Xin Sun, Kuisheng Liu, Xingyu Liu, Kunkun Sun, Yiming Wu, Jin Gu and Wei Guo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:337
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with malignant behaviors that can develop from inert slow growth or low malignancy to aggressive metastasis during follow-up. Rec...

    Authors: Bo Zhou, Jie Xiang, Ming Jin, Xiang Zheng, Guogang Li and Sheng Yan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:334
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SCNEC) is a rare cancer involving the human papilloma virus (HPV), and has few available treatments. The present work aimed to assess the feasibility ...

    Authors: Shi-Wen Zhang, Rong-Zhen Luo, Xiao-Ying Sun, Xia Yang, Hai-Xia Yang, Si-Ping Xiong and Li-Li Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:332
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2021 21:416

  8. The mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains high worldwide despite surgery and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for the rapidly expanding HCC spectrum. Therefore, it is nec...

    Authors: Weike Gao, Luan Li, Xinyin Han, Siyao Liu, Chengzhen Li, Guanying Yu, Lei Zhang, Dongsheng Zhang, Caiyun Liu, Erhong Meng, Shuai Hong, Dongliang Wang, Peiming Guo and Guangjun Shi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:331
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Breast cancer is one of the main malignant tumors that threaten the lives of women, which has received more and more clinical attention worldwide. There are increasing evidences showing that the immune micro-e...

    Authors: Lin Chen, Yuxiang Dong, Yitong Pan, Yuhan Zhang, Ping Liu, Junyi Wang, Chen Chen, Jianing Lu, Yun Yu and Rong Deng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:329
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Immigrants make up an important share of European populations which has led to a growing interest in research on migrants’ health. Many studies have assessed migrants’ cancer mortality patterns, yet few have s...

    Authors: Katrien Vanthomme, Michael Rosskamp, Harlinde De Schutter and Hadewijch Vandenheede
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:328
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. To compare the prognostic value of 7th and 8th editions of the Union for International Cancer Control/American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC) staging system for patients with nonmetastatic nasopharyngea...

    Authors: Tao He, Ruo-Nan Yan, Hua-Ying Chen, Yuan-Yuan Zeng, Zhong-Zheng Xiang, Fang Liu, Bian-Fei Shao, Jia-Chun Ma, Xi-Ran Wang and Lei Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:327
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. ABL-class and JAK-STAT signaling pathway activating alterations have been associated with both a poor post-induction minimal residual disease (MRD) response and an inferior outcome in B-cell acute lymphoblasti...

    Authors: Rimvydas Norvilas, Vaidas Dirse, Ruta Semaskeviciene, Orinta Mickeviciute, Egle Gineikiene, Mindaugas Stoskus, Goda Vaitkeviciene, Jelena Rascon and Laimonas Griskevicius
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:326
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Since the results of the ToGA trial were published, trastuzumab-based chemotherapy has been used as the standard first-line treatment for HER2-positive recurrent or primary metastatic gastric cancer (RPMGC). H...

    Authors: Tae-Hwan Kim, Hun Do Cho, Yong Won Choi, Hyun Woo Lee, Seok Yun Kang, Geum Sook Jeong, Jin-Hyuk Choi, Mi Sun Ahn and Seung-Soo Sheen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:325
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The introduction of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockers (i.e. nivolumab and pembrolizumab) has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with advanced melanoma. However, the long treatment d...

    Authors: E. E. A. P. Mulder, K. de Joode, S. Litière, A. J. ten Tije, K. P. M. Suijkerbuijk, M. J. Boers-Sonderen, G. A. P. Hospers, J. W. B. de Groot, A. J. M. van den Eertwegh, M. J. B. Aarts, D. Piersma, R. S. van Rijn, E. Kapiteijn, G. Vreugdenhil, F. W. P. J. van den Berkmortel, E. Oomen-de Hoop…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:323
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  16. Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a special pathological type of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). We conducted this research to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of OCCC and to prov...

    Authors: Chenchen Zhu, Jing Zhu, Lili Qian, Hanyuan Liu, Zhen Shen, Dabao Wu, Weidong Zhao, Weihua Xiao and Ying Zhou
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:322
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. We prepared an anti-p21Ras scFv which could specifically bind with mutant and wild-type p21Ras. However, it cannot penetrate the cell membrane, which prevents it from binding to p21Ras in the cytoplasm. Here, ...

    Authors: Chen-Chen Huang, Fang-Rui Liu, Qiang Feng, Xin-Yan Pan, Shu-Ling Song and Ju-Lun Yang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:321
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2021 21:361

  18. Recent studies have suggested the important roles of CD47 and tumor-associated macrophages in the prognosis and immunotherapy of various human malignancies. However, the clinical significance of CD47 expressio...

    Authors: Rami Imam, Qing Chang, Margaret Black, Caroline Yu and Wenqing Cao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:320
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The impact of microsatellite status on lymph node (LN) yield during lymphadenectomy and pathological examination has never been assessed in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we aimed to appraise the associat...

    Authors: Zhenghao Cai, Haiqin Song, Abe Fingerhut, Jing Sun, Junjun Ma, Luyang Zhang, Shuchun Li, Chaoran Yu, Minhua Zheng and Lu Zang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:319
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Icaritin, an active ingredient of the Chinese herb Epimedium, plays an anti-tumor role in liver cancer by inhibiting the proliferation of hepatocellular cells and promoting their apoptosis. In China, phase II ...

    Authors: Hui Li, Yujuan Liu, Wei Jiang, Junhui Xue, Yuning Cheng, Jiyin Wang, Ruixiang Yang and Xiaowei Zhang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:318
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Positron-emission tomography (PET) is widely used to detect malignancies, but consensus on its prognostic value in oropharyngeal cancer has not been established. The purpose of this study was to analyze the PE...

    Authors: Kyu Hye Choi, Jin Ho Song, Eun Young Park, Ji Hyun Hong, Ie Ryung Yoo, Youn Soo Lee, Dong-Il Sun, Min-Sik Kim and Yeon-Sil Kim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:317
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are actively secreted by cells into body fluids and contain nucleic acids of the cells they originate from. The goal of this study was to detect circulating tumor-derived EVs (ctEV...

    Authors: Silvia R. Vitale, Jean A. Helmijr, Marjolein Gerritsen, Hicret Coban, Lisanne F. van Dessel, Nick Beije, Michelle van der Vlugt-Daane, Paolo Vigneri, Anieta M. Sieuwerts, Natasja Dits, Martin E. van Royen, Guido Jenster, Stefan Sleijfer, Martijn Lolkema, John W. M. Martens and Maurice P. H. M. Jansen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:315
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become standard treatment in different tumor entities. However, safe treatment with ICI targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis requires early detection of immune-related adverse ...

    Authors: Luisa Maria Griewing, Claudia Schweizer, Philipp Schubert, Sandra Rutzner, Markus Eckstein, Benjamin Frey, Marlen Haderlein, Thomas Weissmann, Sabine Semrau, Antoniu-Oreste Gostian, Sarina K. Müller, Maximilian Traxdorf, Heinrich Iro, Jian-Guo Zhou, Udo S. Gaipl, Rainer Fietkau…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:314
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely used and has proven benefits for women with menopausal symptoms. An increasing number of women with cancer experience menopausal symptoms but the safety of HRT use i...

    Authors: Úna McMenamin, Blánaid Hicks, Carmel Hughes, Peter Murchie, Julia Hippisley-Cox, Tom Ranger, Carol Coupland and Chris Cardwell
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:313
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  26. Forkhead transcription factors control cell growth in multiple cancer types. Foxd1 is essential for kidney development and mitochondrial metabolism, but its significance in renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not be...

    Authors: Kyle H. Bond, Jennifer L. Fetting, Christine W. Lary, Ivette F. Emery and Leif Oxburgh
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:312
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Breast cancer (BC) presents important physical and psychological challenges that should be appropriately addressed through continuous, integrated and individualized rehabilitation programs after treatment. In ...

    Authors: Chiara Falcicchio, Domenico Di Lallo, Alessandra Fabi, Alessandro Bonucci, Maria Perrone, Andrea Pace, Ambra Corti, Luca Giacomelli and Patrizia Pugliese
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:311
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Chromosomal inversions involving anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 (EML4) generate a fusion protein EML4-ALK in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The understa...

    Authors: Akihiko Miyanaga, Masaru Matsumoto, Jessica A. Beck, Izumi Horikawa, Takahiro Oike, Hirokazu Okayama, Hiromi Tanaka, Sandra S. Burkett, Ana I. Robles, Mohammed Khan, Delphine Lissa, Masahiro Seike, Akihiko Gemma, Hiroyuki Mano and Curtis C. Harris
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:310
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Crizotinib is the approved treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion. Failure of crizotinib treatment frequently involves drug intolerance or resist...

    Authors: Chih-Hsi Scott Kuo, Pi-Hung Tung, Allen Chung-Cheng Huang, Chin-Chou Wang, John Wen-Cheng Chang, Chien-Ying Liu, Fu-Tsai Chung, Yueh-Fu Fang, Yi-Ke Guo and Cheng-Ta Yang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:309
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many cancer services to consider a transition to a remote format of delivery that is largely untested. Accordingly, we sought to perform a systematic review of the effects of r...

    Authors: Saïd Ibeggazene, Rebecca Turner, Derek Rosario and Liam Bourke
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:308
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary invasive cancer of the liver. During the last decade, the epidemiology of HCC has been continuously changing in developed countries, due to more effe...

    Authors: Walter Mazzucco, Francesco Vitale, Sergio Mazzola, Rosalba Amodio, Maurizio Zarcone, Davide Alba, Claudia Marotta, Rosanna Cusimano and Claudia Allemani
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:307
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. It remains controversial whether patients with Stage II colon cancer would benefit from chemotherapy after radical surgery. This study aims to assess the real effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with sta...

    Authors: Zhihao Lv, Yuqi Liang, Huaxi Liu and Delong Mo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:306
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Breast cancer and its treatment imposes a significant effect in the quality of life (QOL) of women. Being a developing country with contrasting social and cultural norms to the West, Sri Lankan women may have ...

    Authors: Ravindri Jayasinghe, Ashan Fernando, Umesh Jayarajah and Sanjeewa Seneviratne
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:305
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The clinical use of patient-reported outcomes as compared to inflammatory biomarkers for predicting cancer survival remains a challenge in palliative care settings. We evaluated the role of the European Organi...

    Authors: Nanako Koyama, Chikako Matsumura, Yoshihiro Shitashimizu, Morito Sako, Hideo Kurosawa, Takehisa Nomura, Yuki Eguchi, Kazuki Ohba and Yoshitaka Yano
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:304
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The enhanced knowledge of cancer biology has led to considerable advancement in systemic therapy for advanced breast cancer. Recently, studies showed that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor, when adde...

    Authors: Reem Alomran, Michelle White, Melissa Bruce, Mathias Bressel, Susan Roache, Lama Karroum, Gerard G. Hanna, Shankar Siva, Shom Goel and Steven David
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:303
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  36. Transmembrane protein 180 (TMEM180) is a newly identified colorectal cancer (CRC)-specific molecule that is expressed very rarely in normal tissue and up-regulated under hypoxic conditions. We developed a mono...

    Authors: Takuya Shiraishi, Koji Ikeda, Yuichiro Tsukada, Yuji Nishizawa, Takeshi Sasaki, Masaaki Ito, Motohiro Kojima, Genichiro Ishii, Ryo Tsumura, Sinji Saijou, Yoshikatsu Koga, Masahiro Yasunaga and Yasuhiro Matsumura
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:302
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. After liver resection (LR), patients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) are at high risk of recurrence. There are no approved anti-cancer therapies known to affect such risk, highlighting the acute need for nove...

    Authors: David J. Pinato, Alessio Cortellini, Ajithkumar Sukumaran, Tom Cole, Madhava Pai, Nagy Habib, Duncan Spalding, Mikael H. Sodergren, Maria Martinez, Tony Dhillon, Paul Tait, Robert Thomas, Caroline Ward, Hemant Kocher, Vincent Yip, Sarah Slater…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:301
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  38. Neoadjuvant therapy has several potential advantages over upfront surgery in patients with localized pancreatic cancer; more patients receive systemic treatment, fewer patients undergo futile surgery, and R0 r...

    Authors: Q. P. Janssen, J. L. van Dam, B. A. Bonsing, H. Bos, K. P. Bosscha, P. P. L. O. Coene, C. H. J. van Eijck, I. H. J. T. de Hingh, T. M. Karsten, M. B. van der Kolk, G. A. Patijn, M. S. L. Liem, H. C. van Santvoort, O. J. L. Loosveld, J. de Vos-Geelen, B. M. Zonderhuis…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:300
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  39. Because birth size appears to be positively associated with breast cancer risk, we have studied whether this risk may differ according to molecular breast cancer subtypes.

    Authors: Marie S. Sandvei, Signe Opdahl, Marit Valla, Pagona Lagiou, Ellen Veronika Vesterfjell, Tor Vikan Rise, Tina Syvertsen Overrein, Anette H. Skjervold, Monica J. Engstrøm, Anna M. Bofin and Lars J. Vatten
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:299
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Yanrui Liang, Liying Zhao, Hao Chen, Tian Lin, Tao Chen, Mingli Zhao, Yanfeng Hu, Jiang Yu, Hao Liu and Guoxin Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:298
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Cancer 2021 21:196

  41. The purpose of this study was to construct a new typing model for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients based on the B-cell receptor (BCR) and explore its potential molecular mechanism.

    Authors: Wenhua Jiang, Hailong Wang, Shiyong Zhou, Guoqing Zhu, Mingyou Gao, Kuo Zhao, Limeng Zhang, Xiaojing Xie, Ning Zhao, Caijuan Tian, Zhenzhen Zhang, Fang Yan, Yi Pan and Pengfei Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:297
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The burden and trend of thyroid cancer in Vietnam have not been well documented. This study aimed to investigate the trends in incidence and histological pattern of thyroid cancer in Ho Chi Minh City from 1996...

    Authors: Dung X. Pham, Hien D. Nguyen, An H. T. Phung, Tung D. Bui, Thach S. Tran, Bich N. H. Tran, Lan T. Ho-Pham and Tuan V. Nguyen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:296
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. PCNA-associated factor, the protein encoded by the KIAA0101/PCLAF gene, is a cell-cycle regulated oncoprotein that regulates DNA synthesis, maintenance of DNA methylation, and DNA-damage bypass, through the in...

    Authors: Anchalee Tantiwetrueangdet, Ravat Panvichian, Pattana Sornmayura, Surasak Leelaudomlipi and Jill A. Macoska
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:295
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Standard treatment for malignant peritoneal mesothelioma has not been established, and systemic chemotherapy is administered according to malignant pleural mesothelioma. We previously reported the efficacy of ...

    Authors: Rui Kitadai, Tatsunori Shimoi, Kazuki Sudo, Emi Noguchi, Yusuke Nagata, Ryoichi Sawada, Atsuo Takashima, Narikazu Boku and Kan Yonemori
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:294
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is associated with extensive axillary dissection. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) based on breast lymphatics level (BLL) was proposed to minimize the surgical exte...

    Authors: Qianqian Yuan, Jinxuan Hou, Yukun He, Yiqian Liao, Lewei Zheng and Gaosong Wu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:293
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Sequential monitoring of Wilms’ tumor gene 1 (WT1) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) could predict relapse in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the prognostic role...

    Authors: Dao-Xing Deng, Juan-Juan Wen, Yi-Fei Cheng, Xiao-Hui Zhang, Lan-Ping Xu, Yu Wang, Chen-Hua Yan, Yu-Hong Chen, Huan Chen, Wei Han, Feng-Rong Wang, Jing-Zhi Wang, Ya-Zhen Qin, Kai-Yan Liu, Xiao-Jun Huang, Xiao-Su Zhao…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:292
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Avapritinib, a potent inhibitor of KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) tyrosine kinases, has demonstrated unprecedented clinical activity in PDGFRA D842V-mutant gastrointestinal stromal ...

    Authors: Margaret von Mehren, Michael C. Heinrich, Hongliang Shi, Sergio Iannazzo, Raymond Mankoski, Saša Dimitrijević, Gerard Hoehn, Silvia Chiroli and Suzanne George
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:291
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Cervical cancer is a gynecologic cancer type that develops in the cervix, accounting for 8% mortality of all female cancer patients. Infection with specific human papillomavirus (HPV) types is considered the m...

    Authors: Shahana Sharmin, Fatima Tuj Zohura, Md. Sajedul Islam, Anika Shimonty, Md. Abdullah-Al-Kamran Khan, Rehana Parveen, Foujia Sharmin, Chowdhury Rafiqul Ahsan, Abul Bashar Mir Md. Khademul Islam and Mahmuda Yasmin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:289
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. If the depth of gallbladder malignant tumor (GBMT) invasion is deeper than the subserosa (ss), cholecystectomy is insufficient. In past reports that used endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) to diagnose the depth ...

    Authors: Mitsuru Sugimoto, Hiroki Irie, Mika Takasumi, Minami Hashimoto, Yuka Oka, Tadayuki Takagi, Rei Suzuki, Naoki Konno, Hiroyuki Asama, Yuki Sato, Jun Nakamura, Tsunetaka Kato, Ryoichiro Kobashi, Yuko Hashimoto, Shigeru Marubashi, Takuto Hikichi…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:288
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

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