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  2. Today's clinical diagnostic tools are insufficient for giving accurate prognosis to breast cancer patients. The aim of our study was to examine the tumor metabolic changes in patients with locally advanced bre...

    Authors: Maria D Cao, Guro F Giskeødegård, Tone F Bathen, Beathe Sitter, Anna Bofin, Per E Lønning, Steinar Lundgren and Ingrid S Gribbestad
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:39
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to human vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and has been used for many types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, breast ...

    Authors: Yoriko Yamashita-Kashima, Kaori Fujimoto-Ouchi, Keigo Yorozu, Mitsue Kurasawa, Mieko Yanagisawa, Hideyuki Yasuno and Kazushige Mori
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The development of cervical cancer and its high-grade precursor lesions (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade 2/3 [CIN2/3]) result from a persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) ty...

    Authors: Mariska Bierkens, Saskia M Wilting, Wessel N van Wieringen, Mark A van de Wiel, Bauke Ylstra, Chris JLM Meijer, Peter JF Snijders and Renske DM Steenbergen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:36
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Several stromal cell subtypes including macrophages contribute to tumor progression by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at the invasive front, a mechanism also linked to metastasis. Tumor assoc...

    Authors: Anne-Katrine Bonde, Verena Tischler, Sushil Kumar, Alex Soltermann and Reto A Schwendener
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Conventional smears of samples obtained by endobronchial ultrasound with real-time transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) have proven useful in lung cancer staging, but the value of additional informatio...

    Authors: José Sanz-Santos, Pere Serra, Felipe Andreo, Maria Llatjós, Eva Castellà and Eduard Monsó
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:34
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Increased health care costs have made it incumbent on health-care facilities and physicians to demonstrate both clinical and cost efficacy when recommending treatments. Though studies have examined the cost-ef...

    Authors: Tsui Fen Cheng, Jung Der Wang and Wu Ching Uen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Fascin is a globular actin cross-linking protein, which plays a major role in forming parallel actin bundles in cell protrusions and is found to be associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis in various...

    Authors: Hunain Alam, Amruta V Bhate, Prakash Gangadaran, Sharda S Sawant, Shimul Salot, Lalit Sehgal, Prerana P Dange, Devendra A Chaukar, Anil K D'cruz, Sadhna Kannanl, Rajiv Gude, Shubhada Kane, Sorab N Dalal and Milind M Vaidya
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Standard treatment of advanced ovarian cancer is surgery and chemotherapy. The goal of surgery is to remove all macroscopic tumour, as the amount of residual tumour is the most important prognostic factor for ...

    Authors: Marianne J Rutten, Katja N Gaarenstroom, Toon Van Gorp, Hannah S van Meurs, Henriette JG Arts, Patrick M Bossuyt, Henk G Ter Brugge, Ralph HM Hermans, Brent C Opmeer, Johanna MA Pijnenborg, Henk WR Schreuder, Eltjo MJ Schutter, Anje M Spijkerboer, Celesta WM Wensveen, Petra Zusterzeel, Ben Willem J Mol…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:31
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  10. The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in malignant and non-malignant genital diseases in women is well known and the corresponding epidemiological burden has been widely described. However, less is known abou...

    Authors: Susanne Hartwig, Stina Syrjänen, Géraldine Dominiak-Felden, Maria Brotons and Xavier Castellsagué
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. In estrogen responsive MCF-7 cells, estradiol (E2) binding to ERα leads to transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the control of cell proliferation and survival. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key po...

    Authors: Xinfeng Yu, Xuemei Zhang, Ishwori B Dhakal, Marjorie Beggs, Susan Kadlubar and Dali Luo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:29
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Ergosterol peroxide (EP) derived from edible mushroom has been shown to exert anti-tumor activity in several cancer cells. In the present study, anti-angiogenic activity of EP was investigated with the underly...

    Authors: Yun-Hee Rhee, Soo-Jin Jeong, Hyo-Jeong Lee, Hyo-Jung Lee, Wonil Koh, Ji Hoon Jung, Sun-Hee Kim and Kim Sung-Hoon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:28
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with fatal pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), treated with chemoradiotherapy.

    Authors: Masami Ito, Seiji Niho, Keiji Nihei, Kiyotaka Yoh, Hironobu Ohmatsu and Yuichiro Ohe
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:27
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Metastasis is the main factor responsible for death in breast cancer patients. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, known as tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), and the membrane-associated MMP...

    Authors: Luciana R Gomes, Letícia F Terra, Rosângela AM Wailemann, Leticia Labriola and Mari C Sogayar
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. High cholesterol may be a modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer but results have been inconsistent and subject to potential "reverse causality" where undetected disease modifies cholesterol prior to diagn...

    Authors: Kashif Shafique, Philip McLoone, Khaver Qureshi, Hing Leung, Carole Hart and David S Morrison
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Cell surface NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL) bind to the activating NKG2D receptor present on NK cells and subsets of T cells, thus playing a role in initiating an immune response. We examined tumor expression and prog...

    Authors: Esther M de Kruijf, Anita Sajet, Johanna GH van Nes, Hein Putter, Vincent THBM Smit, Robert A Eagle, Insiya Jafferji, John Trowsdale, Gerrit Jan Liefers, Cornelis JH van de Velde and Peter JK Kuppen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Established risk factors for prostate cancer have not translated to effective prevention or adjuvant care strategies. Several epidemiologic studies suggest greater body adiposity may be a modifiable risk facto...

    Authors: Jay H Fowke, Saundra S Motley, Raoul S Concepcion, David F Penson and Daniel A Barocas
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. RNA from exosomes and other microvesicles contain transcripts of tumour origin. In this study we sought to identify biomarkers of glioblastoma multiforme in microvesicle RNA from serum of affected patients.

    Authors: Mikkel Noerholm, Leonora Balaj, Tobias Limperg, Afshin Salehi, Lin Dan Zhu, Fred H Hochberg, Xandra O Breakefield, Bob S Carter and Johan Skog
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The tumor microenvironment is pivotal in tumor progression. Thus, we aimed to develop a mammary tumor model to elucidate molecular characteristics in the stroma versus the tumor cell compartment by global gene...

    Authors: Ingrid Moen, Charlotte Jevne, Jian Wang, Karl-Henning Kalland, Martha Chekenya, Lars A Akslen, Linda Sleire, Per Ø Enger, Rolf K Reed, Anne M Øyan and Linda EB Stuhr
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The newly discovered metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) gene is a key regulator of the HGF/MET pathway. Deregulation of HGF/MET signaling is reported as a prognostic marker for tumorigenesis, earl...

    Authors: Alois H Lang, Simone Geller-Rhomberg, Thomas Winder, Nicole Stark, Klaus Gasser, Bernd Hartmann, Bertram Kohler, Ina Grizelj, Heinz Drexel and Axel Muendlein
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGF-Rs) are important regulators for angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. VEGFs and VEGF-Rs are not only expressed on endothelial cells but also...

    Authors: Hilmar Quentmeier, Sonja Eberth, Julia Romani, Herbert A Weich, Margarete Zaborski and Hans G Drexler
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Case-control studies of mass screening for lung cancer (LC) by chest x-rays (CXR) performed in the 1990s in scarcely defined Japanese target populations indicated significant mortality reductions, but these re...

    Authors: Lorenzo Dominioni, Nicola Rotolo, William Mantovani, Albino Poli, Salvatore Pisani, Valentina Conti, Massimo Paolucci, Fausto Sessa, Antonio Paddeu, Vincenzo D'Ambrosio and Andrea Imperatori
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. There have been conflicting reports about serum golgi protein 73 (GP73) as one of the most promising serum markers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was to make a systematic revie...

    Authors: Ying Zhou, Xin Yin, Jun Ying and BoHeng Zhang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been observed following transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and may contribute to tumor regrowth. This pilot study...

    Authors: Carolyn D Britten, Antoinette S Gomes, Zev A Wainberg, David Elashoff, Rafael Amado, Yan Xin, Ronald W Busuttil, Dennis J Slamon and Richard S Finn
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) is an in vitro model associating malignant-cell microenvironment and 3D organization as currently observed in avascular tumors.

    Authors: Isabelle Dufau, Céline Frongia, Flavie Sicard, Laure Dedieu, Pierre Cordelier, Frédéric Ausseil, Bernard Ducommun and Annie Valette
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Second-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) improves overall survival. There is a lack of data regarding the impact on patients' overall health condition. This prospective, non-interve...

    Authors: Wolfgang Schuette, Hans Tesch, Hartwig Büttner, Thomas Krause, Victoria Soldatenkova and Clemens Stoffregen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. We specifically tested the aetiological hypothesis that a factor influencing geographical or temporal heterogeneity of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumour incidence was related to exposure to a trans...

    Authors: Richard JQ McNally, Peter W James, Susan V Picton, Patricia A McKinney, Marlous van Laar and Richard G Feltbower
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. In colorectal carcinoma, extensive gene promoter hypermethylation is called the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Explaining why studies on CIMP and survival yield conflicting results is essential. Most ...

    Authors: Benjamin Tournier, Caroline Chapusot, Emilie Courcet, Laurent Martin, Côme Lepage, Jean Faivre and Françoise Piard
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Major changes in the incidence of oesophageal and gastric cancers have been reported internationally. This study describes recent trends in incidence and survival of subgroups of oesophageal and gastric cancer...

    Authors: Victoria H Coupland, William Allum, Jane M Blazeby, Michael A Mendall, Richard H Hardwick, Karen M Linklater, Henrik Møller and Elizabeth A Davies
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The study of breast cancer metastasis depends on the use of established breast cancer cell lines that do not accurately represent the heterogeneity and complexity of human breast tumors. A tumor model was deve...

    Authors: Carolyn G Marsden, Mary Jo Wright, Latonya Carrier, Krzysztof Moroz, Radhika Pochampally and Brian G Rowan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Molecular alterations occur frequently in T-ALL and the potential impact of those abnormalities on outcome is still controversial. The current study aimed to test whether NOTCH1 mutations and additional molecular...

    Authors: Marcela Braga Mansur, Rocio Hassan, Thayana C Barbosa, Alessandra Splendore, Patricia Y Jotta, José Andrés Yunes, Joseph L Wiemels and Maria S Pombo-de-Oliveira
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The frequency of E-cadherin germline mutations in countries with different incidence rates for gastric carcinoma has not been well established. The goal of this study was to assess the worldwide frequency of CDH1

    Authors: Giovanni Corso, Daniele Marrelli, Valeria Pascale, Carla Vindigni and Franco Roviello
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The association between the TERT rs2736100 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and cancer risk has been studied by many researchers, but the results remain inconclusive. To further explore this association, we p...

    Authors: Peng Zou, Aihua Gu, Guixiang Ji, Lin Zhao, Peng Zhao and Ailin Lu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Several conservative (i.e., nonpharmacologic, nonsurgical) treatments exist for secondary lymphedema. The optimal treatment is unknown. We examined the effectiveness of conservative treatments for secondary ly...

    Authors: Mark Oremus, Ian Dayes, Kathryn Walker and Parminder Raina
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Selective Internal Radiation Therapy (SIRT) is a new and effective locoregional anticancer therapy for colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. Markers for prediction of therapy response and prognosis...

    Authors: Yvonne Nadine Fahmueller, Dorothea Nagel, Ralf-Thorsten Hoffmann, Klaus Tatsch, Tobias Jakobs, Petra Stieber and Stefan Holdenrieder
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast is a distinct and aggressive variant of luminal type B breast cancer that does not respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. It is characterized by small pseud...

    Authors: Sophie Doublier, Dimas C Belisario, Manuela Polimeni, Laura Annaratone, Chiara Riganti, Elena Allia, Dario Ghigo, Amalia Bosia and Anna Sapino
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. In this study several tumor-related volumes were assessed by means of a computer-based application and a survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the prognostic significance of pre- and postoperative volume...

    Authors: Georgios Iliadis, Vassiliki Kotoula, Athanasios Chatzisotiriou, Despina Televantou, Anastasia G Eleftheraki, Sofia Lambaki, Despina Misailidou, Panagiotis Selviaridis and George Fountzilas
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. An influence of gonadotropins (hCG) on the development of ovarian cancer has been discussed. Therefore, we quantified serum hCG levels in patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors and the hCG expressio...

    Authors: Miriam Lenhard, Alexandra Tsvilina, Lan Schumacher, Markus Kupka, Nina Ditsch, Doris Mayr, Klaus Friese and Udo Jeschke
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Most skin cancers are preventable by encouraging consistent use of sun protective behaviour. In Australia, adolescents have high levels of knowledge and awareness of the risks of skin cancer but exhibit signif...

    Authors: Anna L Hawkes, Kyra Hamilton, Katherine M White and Ross McD Young
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2012 12:1
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  40. The biological mechanisms underlying cancer cell motility and invasiveness remain unclear, although it has been hypothesized that they involve some type of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

    Authors: Dimitris Anastassiou, Viktoria Rumjantseva, Weiyi Cheng, Jianzhong Huang, Peter D Canoll, Darrell J Yamashiro and Jessica J Kandel
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:529
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Leukemia is a heterogeneous disease commonly associated with recurrent chromosomal translocations that involve tyrosine kinases including BCR-ABL, TEL-PDGFRB and TEL-JAK2. Most studies on the activated tyrosin...

    Authors: Hani Kim, Lisa C Gillis, Jordan D Jarvis, Stuart Yang, Kai Huang, Sandy Der and Dwayne L Barber
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:528
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Ezrin is highly expressed in skin cancer and promotes tumor metastasis. Ezrin serves as a promising target for anti-metastasis therapy. The aim of this study is to determine if the flavonoid bacailein inhibits...

    Authors: Bin Wu, Ji Li, Damao Huang, Weiwei Wang, Yu Chen, Youxiang Liao, Xiaowei Tang, Hongfu Xie and Faqing Tang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:527
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with satisfaction with care in cancer patients undergoing ambulatory treatment. We investigated associations between patients' baseline clinical and soc...

    Authors: Nguyen Thanh Vân France, Jean-François Bosset, Alain Monnier, Jacqueline Fournier, Valérie Perrin, Cédric Baumann, Anne Brédart and Mariette Mercier
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:526
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) is an orphan receptor tyrosine kinase, which undergoes post-translational N-linked glycosylation. The catalytic domain of ALK was originally identified in the t(2;5) transl...

    Authors: Federica Del Grosso, Marilena De Mariano, Lorena Passoni, Roberto Luksch, Gian Paolo Tonini and Luca Longo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:525
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Expression of neuronal elements has been identified in various glial tumors, and glioblastomas (GBMs) with neuronal differentiation patterns have reportedly been associated with longer survival. However, the n...

    Authors: Tao Yan, Kai Ove Skaftnesmo, Lina Leiss, Linda Sleire, Jian Wang, Xingang Li and Per Øyvind Enger
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:524
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Clinical outcome of patients with high-grade ccRCC (clear cell renal cell carcinoma) remains still poor despite recent advances in treatment strategies. Molecular mechanism of pathogenesis in developing high-g...

    Authors: Keiko Matsuura, Chisato Nakada, Mizuho Mashio, Takahiro Narimatsu, Taichiro Yoshimoto, Masato Tanigawa, Yoshiyuki Tsukamoto, Naoki Hijiya, Ichiro Takeuchi, Takeo Nomura, Fuminori Sato, Hiromitsu Mimata, Masao Seto and Masatsugu Moriyama
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:523
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The importance of 17β-estradiol (E2) in the prevention of large bowel tumorigenesis has been shown in many epidemiological studies. Extragonadal E2 may form by the aromatase pathway from androstenedione or the...

    Authors: Agnieszka Anna Rawłuszko, Karolina Horbacka, Piotr Krokowicz and Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:522
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. APE1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1) is an important DNA repair protein in the base excision repair pathway. Polymorphisms in APE1 have been implicated in susceptibility to cancer; however, results from th...

    Authors: Bin Zhou, Hailin Shan, Ying Su, Kai Xia, Xiaxia Shao, Weidong Mao and Qing Shao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:521
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Perturbing Hsp90 chaperone function targets hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) function in a von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) independent manner, and represents an approach to combat the contribution of HIF to cell renal c...

    Authors: Jessica ES Bohonowych, Shuping Peng, Udhayakumar Gopal, Michael W Hance, Shane B Wing, Kelley M Argraves, Karen Lundgren and Jennifer S Isaacs
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:520
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. To determine the impact of preexisting ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke on overall survival in prostate cancer patients.

    Authors: Christina G Jespersen, Mette Nørgaard, Truls E Bjerklund Johansen, Mette Søgaard and Michael Borre
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2011 11:519
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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