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  1. Tumour stromal macrophages differentiate to tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) with characteristics of immunosuppressive M2-type macrophages, having a central role in promoting tumour vascularisation, cancer...

    Authors: Sofia Sousa, Seppo Auriola, Jukka Mönkkönen and Jorma Määttä
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Evidence from cachectic cancer patients and animal models of cancer cachexia supports the involvement of Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors in driving cancer-induced skeletal muscle wasting. However, ...

    Authors: Sarah M Judge, Chia-Ling Wu, Adam W Beharry, Brandon M Roberts, Leonardo F Ferreira, Susan C Kandarian and Andrew R Judge
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:997
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Aberrantly expressed and constitutively active STAT3 signaling plays a pivotal role in initiation and progression of human papillomavirus-induced cervical carcinogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism(s) r...

    Authors: Gauri Shishodia, Gaurav Verma, Yogesh Srivastava, Ravi Mehrotra, Bhudev Chandra Das and Alok Chandra Bharti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:996
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The calpains are intracellular cysteine proteases that function in a variety of important cellular functions, including signalling, motility, apoptosis and survival. In breast cancer high calpain-1 and calpain...

    Authors: Jillian Davis, Stewart G Martin, Poulam M Patel, Andrew R Green, Emad A Rakha, Ian O Ellis and Sarah J Storr
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:995
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. It is well established that genetic and epigenetic alterations are common events in prostate cancer, which may lead to aberrant expression of critical genes. The importance of epigenetic mechanisms in prostate...

    Authors: Marjolaine Ngollo, Andre Lebert, Aslihan Dagdemir, Gaelle Judes, Seher Karsli-Ceppioglu, Marine Daures, Jean-Louis Kemeny, Frederique Penault-Llorca, Jean-Paul Boiteux, Yves-Jean Bignon, Laurent Guy and Dominique Bernard-Gallon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:994
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Paclitaxel treatment produces dose-limiting peripheral neurotoxicity, which adversely affects treatment and long-term outcomes. In the present study, the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to paclitaxel-ind...

    Authors: Susanna B Park, John B Kwok, Clement T Loy, Michael L Friedlander, Cindy S-Y Lin, Arun V Krishnan, Craig R Lewis and Matthew C Kiernan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:993
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite multimodal therapies, almost all GBM recur within a narrow margin around the initial resected lesion. Thus, n...

    Authors: Frank A Giordano, Stefanie Brehmer, Yasser Abo-Madyan, Grit Welzel, Elena Sperk, Anke Keller, Frank Schneider, Sven Clausen, Carsten Herskind, Peter Schmiedek and Frederik Wenz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:992
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  8. In breast cancer patients routine thromboprophylaxis is not recommended but individualized risk assessment is encouraged. The incorporation of hypercoagulability biomarkers could increase the sensitivity of ri...

    Authors: Mourad Chaari, Ines Ayadi, Aurelie Rousseau, Eleftheria Lefkou, Patrick Van Dreden, Fatoumata Sidibe, Hela Ketatni, Vassiliki Galea, Amir Khaterchi, Racem Bouzguenda, Mounir Frikha, Lilia Ghorbal, Jamel Daoud, Choumous Kallel, Martin Quinn, Joseph Gligorov…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:991
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. There are many molecular differences between estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive and ER-negative breast cancers. Recent analyses have shown that the former can be divided into two subtypes, luminal A and lumina...

    Authors: Yumi Endo, Hiroko Yamashita, Satoru Takahashi, Shinya Sato, Nobuyasu Yoshimoto, Tomoko Asano, Yukari Hato, Yu Dong, Yoshitaka Fujii and Tatsuya Toyama
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:990
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) are widely used to assess the effect of chemotherapy in patients with cancer. We hypothesised that the change in unidimensional tumour size handled as a co...

    Authors: Anne-Claire Toffart, Denis Moro-Sibilot, Sébastien Couraud, Patrick Merle, Maurice Perol, Nicolas Girard, Pierre-Jean Souquet, Bénédicte Mastroianni, Gilbert R Ferretti, Philippe Romand, Patrick Chatellain, Aurélien Vesin, Elisabeth Brambilla, Christian Brambilla and Jean-François Timsit
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:989
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Natural products from plants have been proven to be important resources of antitumor agents. In this study, we exploited the antitumor activity of (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen...

    Authors: Peng Zhao, Li Chen, Lin-Hu Li, Zhi-Feng Wei, Bei Tong, Yu-Gai Jia, Ling-Yi Kong, Yu-Feng Xia and Yue Dai
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:987
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The purpose of this phase II study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of weekly irinotecan and capecitabine (wXELIRI) treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, specifically the rate of seve...

    Authors: Wenhua Li, Jianming Xu, Lin Shen, Tianshu Liu, Weijian Guo, Wen Zhang, Zhiyu Chen, Xiaodong Zhu and Jin Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:986
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Raised serum glucose has been linked to increased risk of many solid cancers. We performed a meta-analysis to quantify and summarise the evidence for this link.

    Authors: Danielle J Crawley, Lars Holmberg, Jennifer C Melvin, Massimo Loda, Simon Chowdhury, Sarah M Rudman and Mieke Van Hemelrijck
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:985
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. To analyze and compare the economic outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (referred to as the XELOX strategy) and of S-1 (the S-1 strategy) for gastric cancer patients after D2 g...

    Authors: Bin Wu, Te Li, Jian Cai, Yuejuan Xu and Gang Zhao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:984
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are critical in homologous recombination DNA repair and have been implicated in familial breast and ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. Tumour cells with these mutations demonstrate increased s...

    Authors: Shibani Nicum, Corran Roberts, Lucy Boyle, Sylwia Kopijasz, Charlie Gourley, Marcia Hall, Ana Montes, Christopher Poole, Linda Collins, Anna Schuh and Susan J Dutton
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:983
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  17. Ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) has fewer mutations than ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) and a less aggressive clinical course. However, an overwhelming majority of LGSC patients do not re...

    Authors: Alicia A Tone, Melissa K McConechy, Winnie Yang, Jiarui Ding, Stephen Yip, Esther Kong, Kwong-Kwok Wong, David M Gershenson, Helen Mackay, Sohrab Shah, Blake Gilks, Anna V Tinker, Blaise Clarke, Jessica N McAlpine and David Huntsman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:982
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Leiomyosarcomas represent the largest subtype of soft tissue sarcomas. Two subgroups can be distinguished, non-uterine (NULMS) and uterine leiomyosarcomas (ULMS). The aim of this retrospective study was to eva...

    Authors: Wolfgang Lamm, Camilla Natter, Sophie Schur, Wolfgang J Köstler, Alexander Reinthaller, Michael Krainer, Christoph Grimm, Reinhard Horvath, Gabriele Amann, Philipp Funovics, Thomas Brodowicz and Stephan Polterauer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:981
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Malnutrition is an independent risk factor of postoperative morbidity and mortality and it’s observed in 20 to 50% of surgical patients. Preoperative interventions to optimize the nutritional status, reduce po...

    Authors: Oriana Ciacio, Thibault Voron, Gabriella Pittau, Maité Lewin, Eric Vibert, René Adam, Antonio Sa Cunha, Daniel Cherqui, Astrid Schielke, Olivier Soubrane, Olivier Scatton, Chady Salloum, Daniel Azoulay, Stéphane Benoist, Perrine Goyer, Jean-Christophe Vaillant…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:980
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  20. Although international comparisons reveal large geographical differences in the incidence of breast and gynaecological cancers, incidence data for ethnic groups in England remains scarce.

    Authors: Megan H Shirley, Isobel Barnes, Shameq Sayeed, Alexander Finlayson and Raghib Ali
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:979
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. SIRT1 is a member of the mammalian sirtuin family with the ability to deacetylate histone and nonhistone proteins. The correlation between SIRT1 expression and tumor metastasis in several types of cancer has a...

    Authors: Chong Hao, Peng-Xi Zhu, Xue Yang, Zhi-Peng Han, Jing-Hua Jiang, Chen Zong, Xu-Guang Zhang, Wen-Ting Liu, Qiu-Dong Zhao, Ting-Ting Fan, Li Zhang and Li-Xin Wei
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:978
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Although chemotherapy for prostate cancer (PCa) can improve patient survival, some tumours are chemo-resistant. Tumour molecular profiles may help identify the mechanisms of drug action and identify potential ...

    Authors: Prabhakar Rajan, Jacqueline Stockley, Ian M Sudbery, Janis T Fleming, Ann Hedley, Gabriela Kalna, David Sims, Chris P Ponting, Andreas Heger, Craig N Robson, Rhona M McMenemin, Ian D Pedley and Hing Y Leung
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:977
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The prognostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and their value in predicting tumor response to chemotherapy are controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to a...

    Authors: Xuanzhang Huang, Peng Gao, Yongxi Song, Jingxu Sun, Xiaowan Chen, Junhua Zhao, Jing Liu, Huimian Xu and Zhenning Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:976
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Members of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system including uPA, its receptor uPAR and the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) play an important role in tumour invasion and progression in ...

    Authors: Susanne Fuessel, Kati Erdmann, Helge Taubert, Andrea Lohse-Fischer, Stefan Zastrow, Matthias Meinhardt, Karen Bluemke, Lorenz Hofbauer, Paolo Fornara, Bernd Wullich, Gustavo Baretton, Viktor Magdolen, Manfred P Wirth and Matthias Kotzsch
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:974
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Head and neck cancer is an important cause of ill health. Survival appears to be improving but the reasons for this are unclear. They could include evolving aetiology, modifications in care, improvements in tr...

    Authors: Andrew Robert Ness, Andrea Waylen, Katrina Hurley, Mona Jeffreys, Chris Penfold, Miranda Pring, Sam Leary, Christine Allmark, Stu Toms, Susan Ring, Tim J Peters, Will Hollingworth, Helen Worthington, Chris Nutting, Sheila Fisher, Simon N Rogers…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:973
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  27. Numerous attempts have been made to establish and develop tumor markers that could determine the susceptibility of normal tissues to transform into cancerous ones. To determine whether altered expression patte...

    Authors: Sandra Ventorin von Zeidler, Talitha de Souza Botelho, Elismauro Francisco Mendonça and Aline Carvalho Batista
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:972
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Treatment of cancer in the lung in octogenarians is limited by their health and functional status. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy is an established noninvasive treatment option for medically inoperable pat...

    Authors: Nathan A Cannon, Puneeth Iyengar, Hak Choy, Robert Timmerman and Jeffrey Meyer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:971
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. We recently published PROGgene, a tool that can be used to study prognostic implications of genes in various cancers. The first version of the tool had several areas for improvement. In this paper we present s...

    Authors: Chirayu Pankaj Goswami and Harikrishna Nakshatri
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:970
    Content type: Software Published on:

  30. Tumor debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy is a standard treatment for many solid malignancies. Although this approach can be effective, it often has limited success against recu...

    Authors: Andrea Khong, Amanda L Cleaver, Muhammad Fahmi Alatas, Ben C Wylie, Theresa Connor, Scott A Fisher, Steve Broomfield, Willem J Lesterhuis, Andrew J Currie, Richard A Lake and Bruce W Robinson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:969
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary for the development of cervical carcinoma. By contrast, the role of HPV in the pathogenesis of other malignancies, such as head and neck cancers, is less ...

    Authors: Seye Abogunrin, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Sam Keeping, Stuart Carroll and Ike Iheanacho
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:968
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Vemurafenib, a selective inhibitor of genetically activated BRAF, is registered for unresectable stage III and stage IV melanomas harboring a BRAF mutation. Photosensitivity related to exposure to sunlight is ...

    Authors: Steve Boudewijns, Winald R Gerritsen and Rutger sH T Koornstra
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:967
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  33. Although Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) is increasing in incidence, treatment has largely remained limited to radical cystectomy with or without cisplatin-based neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy....

    Authors: Vishal Vashistha, David I Quinn, Tanya B Dorff and Siamak Daneshmand
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:966
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. DEK is a transcription factor involved in stabilization of heterochromatin and cruciform structures. It plays an important role in development and progression of different types of cancer. This study aims to a...

    Authors: Javier Martinez-Useros, Maria Rodriguez-Remirez, Aurea Borrero-Palacios, Irene Moreno, Arancha Cebrian, Teresa Gomez del Pulgar, Laura del Puerto-Nevado, Ricardo Vega-Bravo, Alberto Puime-Otin, Nuria Perez, Sandra Zazo, Clara Senin, Maria J Fernandez-Aceñero, Maria S Soengas, Federico Rojo and Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:965
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Sunitinib is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that acts against receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor. Common toxicities of sunitinib treatment ...

    Authors: Yuji Miura, Chiyo K Imamura, Koya Fukunaga, Yoshihiko Katsuyama, Koichi Suyama, Toshikazu Okaneya, Taisei Mushiroda, Yuichi Ando, Toshimi Takano and Yusuke Tanigawara
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:964
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  36. Mixed phenotype acute leukemias (MPAL) include acute leukemias with blasts that express antigens of more than one lineage, with no clear evidence of myeloid or lymphoid lineage differentiation. T/myeloid (T/My...

    Authors: Giuseppina Tota, Nicoletta Coccaro, Antonella Zagaria, Luisa Anelli, Paola Casieri, Angelo Cellamare, Angela Minervini, Crescenzio Francesco Minervini, Claudia Brunetti, Luciana Impera, Paola Carluccio, Cosimo Cumbo, Giorgina Specchia and Francesco Albano
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:963
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  37. Uveal melanoma is a tumour arising from melanocytes of the eye, and 30 per cent of these patients develop liver metastases. Exosomes are small RNA containing nano-vesicles released by most cells, including mal...

    Authors: Maria Eldh, Roger Olofsson Bagge, Cecilia Lässer, Joar Svanvik, Margareta Sjöstrand, Jan Mattsson, Per Lindnér, Dong-Sic Choi, Yong Song Gho and Jan Lötvall
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:962
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Annexin A1 (ANXA1), a 37 kDa multifunctional protein, is over-expressed in tissues from patients of pancreatic carcinoma (PC) where the protein seems to be associated with malignant transformation and poor pro...

    Authors: Raffaella Belvedere, Valentina Bizzarro, Ada Popolo, Fabrizio Dal Piaz, Michele Vasaturo, Paola Picardi, Luca Parente and Antonello Petrella
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:961
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. This is an international study across four European countries (Belgium[BE], the Netherlands[NL], Italy[IT] and Spain[ES]) between 2009 and 2011, describing and comparing care and care setting transitions provi...

    Authors: Winne Ko, Luc Deliens, Guido Miccinesi, Francesco Giusti, Sarah Moreels, Gé A Donker, Bregje Onwuteaka-Philipsen, Oscar Zurriaga, Aurora López-Maside and Lieve Van den Block
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:960
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are involved in several key pathways of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, but little is known about their expression acc...

    Authors: Ga-Eon Kim, Ji Shin Lee, Yoo-Duk Choi, Kyung-Hwa Lee, Jae Hyuk Lee, Jong Hee Nam, Chan Choi, Sung Sun Kim, Min Ho Park, Jung Han Yoon and Sun-Seog Kweon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:959
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease displaying distinct molecular features and clinical outcome. The molecular profile of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) overlaps with that of basal-like breast can...

    Authors: Kai Doberstein, Karin Milde-Langosch, Niko P Bretz, Uwe Schirmer, Ayelet Harari, Isabell Witzel, Alon Ben-Arie, Michael Hubalek, Elisabeth Müller-Holzner, Susanne Reinold, Alain G Zeimet, Peter Altevogt and Mina Fogel
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:958
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. NKG2D (natural killer group 2, member D) is thought to play an important role in mediating the activation of anticancer immune response. Expression of NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) is pronounced in malignancies and ...

    Authors: Hanbyoul Cho, Joon-Yong Chung, Sunghoon Kim, Till Braunschweig, Tae Heung Kang, Jennie Kim, Eun Joo Chung, Stephen M Hewitt and Jae-Hoon Kim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:957
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Our previous studies found the high prevalence of depression and anxiety among Chinese cancer patients, and many empirical studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of psychological interventions on ...

    Authors: Yi-Long Yang, Guo-Yuan Sui, Guang-Cong Liu, De-Sheng Huang, Si-Meng Wang and Lie Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:956
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein have been suggested to mediate cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance. The role of such fibroblasts in HMGB1 production in br...

    Authors: Kamolporn Amornsupak, Tonkla Insawang, Peti Thuwajit, Pornchai O-Charoenrat, Suzanne A Eccles and Chanitra Thuwajit
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:955
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NC) including trastuzumab induces a high rate of pathological Complete Responses (pCR) in patients with locally advanced HER2-overexpressing Breast Cancer (BC), but is penalized by a ...

    Authors: Gianmaria Miolo, Elena Muraro, Debora Martorelli, Davide Lombardi, Simona Scalone, Simon Spazzapan, Samuele Massarut, Tiziana Perin, Elda Viel, Elisa Comaro, Renato Talamini, Ettore Bidoli, Elisa Turchet, Diana Crivellari and Riccardo Dolcetti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:954
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The IFCT-GFPC 0502 phase III study reported prolongation of progression-free survival with gemcitabine or erlotinib maintenance vs. observation after cisplatin–gemcitabine induction chemotherapy for advanced non-...

    Authors: Isabelle Borget, Maurice Pérol, David Pérol, Armelle Lavolé, Laurent Greillier, Pascal Dô, Virginie Westeel, Jacky Crequit, Hervé Léna, Isabelle Monnet, Hervé Le Caer, Pierre Fournel, Lionel Falchero, Michel Poudenx, Fabien Vaylet, Sylvie Chabaud…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:953
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Cyclooxygenases (COX) play a key role in prostaglandin metabolism and are important for tumor development and progression. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic impact of COX-2 expression in a co...

    Authors: Isabel Sicking, Karlien Rommens, Marco J Battista, Daniel Böhm, Susanne Gebhard, Antje Lebrecht, Cristina Cotarelo, Gerald Hoffmann, Jan G Hengstler and Marcus Schmidt
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:952
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1) is critical regulator of the G2-M checkpoint. Cyclin-dependent kinase pathways are considered possible targets for cancer treatment; however, the prognostic role of Cdk1 in col...

    Authors: Wen-Wei Sung, Yueh-Min Lin, Pei-Ru Wu, Hsu-Heng Yen, Hung-Wen Lai, Tzu-Cheng Su, Ren-Hung Huang, Chun-Kai Wen, Chia-Yu Chen, Chih-Jung Chen and Kun-Tu Yeh
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:951
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor 1) is a transcriptional activator that functions as a critical regulator of oxygen homeostasis. Recently, a large number of epidemiological studies have investigated the relatio...

    Authors: Qing Yan, Pin Chen, Songtao Wang, Ning Liu, Peng Zhao and Aihua Gu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:950
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Inhibition of metastasis through upregulation of immune surveillance is a major purpose of chemokine gene therapy. In this study, we focused on a membrane-bound chemokine CXCL16, which has shown a correlation ...

    Authors: Ji-Ye Kee, Aya Ito, Shozo Hojo, Isaya Hashimoto, Yoshiko Igarashi, Koichi Tsuneyama, Kazuhiro Tsukada, Tatsuro Irimura, Naotoshi Shibahara, Ichiro Takasaki, Akiko Inujima, Takashi Nakayama, Osamu Yoshie, Hiroaki Sakurai, Ikuo Saiki and Keiichi Koizumi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:949
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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