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  1. The observation that germline mutations in the oxidative DNA damage repair gene MUTYH cause colorectal cancer (CRC) provides strong evidence that dysregulation of the base excision repair (BER) pathway influences...

    Authors: Peter Broderick, Tina Bagratuni, Jairam Vijayakrishnan, Steven Lubbe, Ian Chandler and Richard S Houlston
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Fascin is an actin bundling protein with roles in the formation of cell protrusions and motility of mesenchymal and neuronal cells. Fascin is normally low or absent from epithelia, but is upregulated in severa...

    Authors: Yosuke Hashimoto, Marek Skacel, Ian C Lavery, Abir L Mukherjee, Graham Casey and Josephine C Adams
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2011 11:488

  4. The CCND1 gene generates two mRNAs (cyclin D1a and D1b) through an alternative splicing at the site of a common A/G polymorphism. Cyclin D1a and b proteins differ in their C-terminus, a region involved in protein...

    Authors: Sophie Krieger, Juliette Gauduchon, Mikel Roussel, Xavier Troussard and Brigitte Sola
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Osteosarcoma is a very aggressive tumor with a propensity to metastasize and invade surrounding tissue. Identification of the molecular determinants of invasion and metastatic potential may guide the developme...

    Authors: Cristiane A Dalla-Torre, Maisa Yoshimoto, Chung-Hae Lee, Anthony M Joshua, Silvia RC de Toledo, Antônio S Petrilli, Joyce AD Andrade, Susan Chilton-MacNeill, Maria Zielenska and Jeremy A Squire
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The Wnt signaling pathway is activated by mutations in the APC and β-catenin genes in many types of human cancer. β-catenin is stabilized by these mutations and activates transcription in part by acting as a b...

    Authors: Christophe Fuerer, Krisztian Homicsko, Alexander N Lukashev, Anne-Laure Pittet and Richard D Iggo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA has been implicated as a causative factor in a wide variety of degenerative diseases, aging and cancer. The modified guanine, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (also known as 8-hyd...

    Authors: Aditi Chatterjee, Elizabeth Mambo, Yonggang Zhang, Theodore DeWeese and David Sidransky
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Accumulating data suggest that liver is a major target organ of systemic effects observed in the presence of a cancer. In this study, we investigated the consequences of the presence of chemically induced brai...

    Authors: Daniel Pouliquen, Christophe Olivier, Emilie Debien, Khaled Meflah, François M Vallette and Jean Menanteau
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:234
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Previous studies indicate that alterations in Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I expression are frequent in colorectal tumors. This would suggest serious limitations for immunotherapy-based strategies invol...

    Authors: Jan Willem F Dierssen, Noel FCC de Miranda, Arend Mulder, Marjo van Puijenbroek, Willem Verduyn, Frans HJ Claas, Cornelis JH van de Velde, Gert Jan Fleuren, Cees J Cornelisse, Willem E Corver and Hans Morreau
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a major cause of cancer-related mortality. HCC is highly resistant to currently available chemotherapeutic drugs. Defects in apopto...

    Authors: Henning Schulze-Bergkamen, Binje Fleischer, Marcus Schuchmann, Achim Weber, Arndt Weinmann, Peter H Krammer and Peter R Galle
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) is a member of the PIK-related family which plays, along with ATM, a central role in cell-cycle regulation. ATR has been shown to phosphorylate several tumo...

    Authors: Francine Durocher, Yvan Labrie, Penny Soucy, Olga Sinilnikova, Damian Labuda, Paul Bessette, Jocelyne Chiquette, Rachel Laframboise, Jean Lépine, Bernard Lespérance, Geneviève Ouellette, Roxane Pichette, Marie Plante, Sean V Tavtigian and Jacques Simard
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Recent findings from microarray studies have raised the prospect of a standardized diagnostic gene expression platform to enhance accurate diagnosis and risk stratification in paediatric acute lymphoblastic le...

    Authors: Katrin Hoffmann, Martin J Firth, Alex H Beesley, Nicholas H de Klerk and Ursula R Kees
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Surgery can cure a significant percentage of ovarian carcinoma confined to the pelvis. Nevertheless, there is still a 10–50% recurrence rate. We administered paclitaxel/carboplatin as adjuvant treatment in ear...

    Authors: Aristotle Bamias, Christos Papadimitriou, Eleni Efstathiou, Alexandros Rodolakis, Georgios Vlahos, Zannis Voulgaris, Georgios Bozas, Georgios Fountzilas, Gerassimos Aravantinos, Evagelia Razis, Dimitra Gika and Meletios A Dimopoulos
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common epithelial neoplasm among the Chinese populations in Southern China and South East Asia. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be an important etiologic agent of NPC a...

    Authors: Eng-lai Tan, G Selvaratnam, R Kananathan and Choon-kook Sam
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. ATP is an important signalling molecule in the peripheral and central nervous system. Both glioma growth and tumor resection induces cell death, thus liberating nucleotides to the extracellular medium. Nucleot...

    Authors: Fernanda B Morrone, Diogo L Oliveira, Patrícia Gamermann, Joseli Stella, Suzana Wofchuk, Márcia R Wink, Luise Meurer, Maria Isabel A Edelweiss, Guido Lenz and Ana Maria O Battastini
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. HER2/neu overexpression is linked to promotion of angiogenesis in breast cancer. We therefore tested the activity of the combination of Trastuzumab with metronomic, low dose chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (CT...

    Authors: Laura Orlando, Anna Cardillo, Raffaella Ghisini, Andrea Rocca, Alessandra Balduzzi, Rosalba Torrisi, Giulia Peruzzotti, Aron Goldhirsch, Elisabetta Pietri and Marco Colleoni
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:225
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Cisplatin is widely used for chemotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, details of the molecular mechanism responsible for cisplatin resistance are still unclear. The aim of this study was...

    Authors: Ping Zhang, Zhiyuan Zhang, Xiaojian Zhou, Weiliu Qiu, Fangan Chen and Wantao Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:224
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. Improvements in clinical outcome require a better understanding of the genetic alterations to identify clinically significant biological f...

    Authors: Massimiliano De Bortoli, Robert C Castellino, Xin-Yan Lu, Jeffrey Deyo, Lisa Marie Sturla, Adekunle M Adesina, Laszlo Perlaky, Scott L Pomeroy, Ching C Lau, Tsz-Kwong Man, Pulivarthi H Rao and John YH Kim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:223
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Wnt/β-catenin pathway has critical roles in development and oncogenesis. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the downstream signaling cascade of this pathway, little is known regarding...

    Authors: Moli Huang, Yihua Wang, Daochun Sun, Hongxia Zhu, Yanbing Yin, Wei Zhang, Shangbin Yang, Lanping Quan, Jinfeng Bai, Shengqi Wang, Quan Chen, Songgang Li and Ningzhi Xu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:221
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Primary chemotherapy (PC) is used for down-staging locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). CA 15-3 measures the protein product of the MUC1 gene and is the most widely used serum marker in breast cancer.

    Authors: Dhafir Al-azawi, Gabrielle Kelly, Eddie Myers, Enda W McDermott, Arnold DK Hill, Michael J Duffy and Niall O Higgins
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:220
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. There is a large body of evidence which suggests that bile acids increase the risk of colon cancer and act as tumor promoters, however, the mechanism(s) of bile acids mediated tumorigenesis is not clear. Previ...

    Authors: Ashley A Powell, Sandeep Akare, Wenqing Qi, Pascal Herzer, Samira Jean-Louis, Rebecca A Feldman and Jesse D Martinez
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:219
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. High risk HPVs are causative agents of anogenital cancers. Viral E6 and E7 genes are continuously expressed and are largely responsible for the oncogenic activity of these viruses. Transcription of the E6 and ...

    Authors: Rita Villanueva, Néstor Morales-Peza, Irma Castelán-Sánchez, Enrique García-Villa, Rocio Tapia, Ángel Cid-Arregui, Alejandro García-Carrancá, Esther López-Bayghen and Patricio Gariglio
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:218
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. One of the most thoroughly studied systems in relation to its prognostic relevance in patients with breast cancer, is the plasminogen activation system that comprises of, among others, the urokinase Plasminoge...

    Authors: Philippe Leissner, Thibault Verjat, Thomas Bachelot, Malick Paye, Alexander Krause, Alain Puisieux and Bruno Mougin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:216
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Self-tests are those where an individual can obtain a result without recourse to a health professional, by getting a result immediately or by sending a sample to a laboratory that returns the result directly. ...

    Authors: Sue Wilson, Sheila Greenfield, Helen M Pattison, Angela Ryan, Richard J McManus, David Fitzmaurice, John Marriott, Cyril Chapman and Sue Clifford
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:215
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  28. Neuroblastoma (NB) is the second most common solid childhood tumour, an aggressive disease for which new therapeutic strategies are strongly needed. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TR...

    Authors: Annick Mühlethaler-Mottet, Marjorie Flahaut, Katia Balmas Bourloud, Katya Auderset, Roland Meier, Jean-Marc Joseph and Nicole Gross
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL are anti-apoptotic paralogues that inhibit apoptosis elicited by a wide variety of stimuli, and play critical roles in cancer development and resistance to treatment. Many clinical studies hav...

    Authors: Aline A Fiebig, Weijia Zhu, Catherine Hollerbach, Brian Leber and David W Andrews
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Epigenetic gene silencing is one of the major causes of carcinogenesis. Its widespread occurrence in cancer genome could inactivate many cellular pathways including DNA repair, cell cycle control, apoptosis, c...

    Authors: Hui-Juan Yang, Vincent WS Liu, Yue Wang, Percy CK Tsang and Hextan YS Ngan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are involved in colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis. There is still debate whether t...

    Authors: Tae-Dong Kim, Kyoung-Sub Song, Ge Li, Hoon Choi, Hae-Duck Park, Kyu Lim, Byung-Doo Hwang and Wan-Hee Yoon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:211
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Breast cancer (BC) detection in women with a genetic susceptibility or strong family history is considered mandatory compared with BC screening in the general population. However, screening modalities depend o...

    Authors: Laura Cortesi, Daniela Turchetti, Isabella Marchi, Antonella Fracca, Barbara Canossi, Rachele Battista, Silvia Ruscelli, Anna Rita Pecchi, Pietro Torricelli and Massimo Federico
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:210
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Individuals heterozygous for germline ATM mutations have been reported to have an increased risk for breast cancer but the role for ATM genetic variants for breast cancer risk has remained unclear. Recently, a co...

    Authors: Johanna Tommiska, Laila Jansen, Outi Kilpivaara, Hege Edvardsen, Vessela Kristensen, Anitta Tamminen, Kristiina Aittomäki, Carl Blomqvist, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale and Heli Nevanlinna
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases develop through the adenoma-carcinoma pathway. If an increase in DNA repair expression is detected in both early adenomas and carcinomas it may indicate that low r...

    Authors: Mona Sæbø, Camilla Furu Skjelbred, Bjørn Andersen Nexø, Håkan Wallin, Inger-Lise Hansteen, Ulla Vogel and Elin H Kure
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:208
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The tumor-associated glycoprotein osteopontin (OPN) is discussed as a plasma surrogate marker of tumor hypoxia and as an indicator of the presence of pleural mesothelioma in asbestos-exposed individuals. The c...

    Authors: Dirk Vordermark, Harun M Said, Astrid Katzer, Thomas Kuhnt, Gabriele Hänsgen, Jürgen Dunst, Michael Flentje and Matthias Bache
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:207
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The mechanism for maintaining telomere integrity is controlled by telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that specifically restores telomere sequences, lost during replication by means of an intrinsic RNA comp...

    Authors: Blanca Murillo-Ortiz, Horacio Astudillo-De la Vega, Sebastian Castillo-Medina, JM Malacara and Luis Benitez-Bribiesca
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:206
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Fragile sites are regions of the genome sensitive to replication stress and to exposure to environmental carcinogens. The two most commonly expressed fragile sites FRA3B and FRA16D host the histidine triad (FHIT)...

    Authors: Pascale Willem, Jacqueline Brown and Jan Schouten
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:205
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  38. The amide class compound, 3, 4-dichloropropionanilide (DCPA) is known to affect multiple signaling pathways in lymphocyte and macrophage including the inhibition of NF-κB ability. However, little is known abou...

    Authors: Bing-Hua Jiang, Ling-Zhi Liu, Rosana Schafer, Daniel C Flynn and John B Barnett
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Uncontrolled proliferation and increased motility are hallmarks of neoplastic cells, therefore markers of proliferation and motility may be valuable in assessing tumor progression and prognosis. MCM2 is a memb...

    Authors: Jun Yang, Nithya Ramnath, Kirsten B Moysich, Harold L Asch, Helen Swede, Sadir J Alrawi, Joel Huberman, Joseph Geradts, John SJ Brooks and Dongfeng Tan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:203
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The MITO-2 (Multicentre Italian Trials in Ovarian cancer) study is a randomized phase III trial comparing carboplatin plus paclitaxel to carboplatin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in first-line chemother...

    Authors: Sandro Pignata, Giovanni Scambia, Antonella Savarese, Enrico Breda, Paolo Scollo, Rocco De Vivo, Emanuela Rossi, Vittorio Gebbia, Donato Natale, Filomena Del Gaizo, Emanuele Naglieri, Antonella Ferro, Pietro Musso, Alfonso Maria D'Arco, Roberto Sorio, Carmela Pisano…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:202
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The treatment of ovarian cancer is hindered by intrinsic or acquired resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of mismatch repair (MMR) inactivation in ovar...

    Authors: Jozien Helleman, Iris L van Staveren, Winand NM Dinjens, Patricia F van Kuijk, Kirsten Ritstier, Patricia C Ewing, Maria EL van der Burg, Gerrit Stoter and Els MJJ Berns
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. In real-time RT quantitative PCR (qPCR) the accuracy of normalized data is highly dependent on the reliability of the reference genes (RGs). Failure to use an appropriate control gene for normalization of qPCR...

    Authors: Silvia Saviozzi, Francesca Cordero, Marco Lo Iacono, Silvia Novello, Scagliotti V Giorgio and Raffaele A Calogero
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:200
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is a metalloprotein enzyme that belongs to the acid phosphatases and is known to be expressed by osteoclasts. It has already been investigated as a marker of bone met...

    Authors: A Honig, L Rieger, M Kapp, M Krockenberger, M Eck, J Dietl and U Kämmerer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:199
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. There is still much debate about the best adjuvant therapy after surgery for endometrial cancer (EC) and there are no current guidelines. Radiotherapy (RT) alone does not seem to improve overall survival. We i...

    Authors: Giorgia Mangili, Patrizia De Marzi, Saverio Beatrice, Emanuela Rabaiotti, Riccardo Viganò, Luigi Frigerio, Cinzia Gentile and Ferruccio Fazio
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:198
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Prostate cancer cells communicate reciprocally with the stromal cells surrounding them, inside the prostate, and after metastasis, within the bone. Each tissue secretes factors for interpretation by the other....

    Authors: Amanda Tate, Shuji Isotani, Michael J Bradley, Robert A Sikes, Rodney Davis, Leland WK Chung and Magnus Edlund
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:197
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Large randomised clinical trials and systematic reviews substantiate that tamoxifen is ineffective in improving survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, a recent report suggested that...

    Authors: Ciro Gallo, Ermelinda De Maio, Massimo Di Maio, Giuseppe Signoriello, Bruno Daniele, Sandro Pignata, Annalisa Annunziata and Francesco Perrone
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Young age remains a controversial issue as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. Debate includes patients from different parts of the world. Almost 50% of patients with breast cancer seen at the American Unive...

    Authors: Nagi S El Saghir, Muhieddine Seoud, Mazen K Khalil, Maya Charafeddine, Ziad K Salem, Fady B Geara and Ali I Shamseddine
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:194
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The homeobox gene HEX is expressed in several cell types during different phases of animal development. It encodes for a protein localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. During early mouse development,...

    Authors: Cinzia Puppin, Fabio Puglisi, Lucia Pellizzari, Guidalberto Manfioletti, Marta Pestrin, Maura Pandolfi, Andrea Piga, Carla Di Loreto and Giuseppe Damante
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:192
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that regulates adipogenic differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) and ornithine ...

    Authors: Michele Linsalata, Romina Giannini, Maria Notarnicola and Aldo Cavallini
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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