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  1. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are implicated in the growth, invasion and metastasis of various solid tumors. However, the phenotype of TAMs in premalignant lesions of solid tumors has not been clarified....

    Authors: Kazumasa Mori, Shigeki Haraguchi, Miki Hiori, Jun Shimada and Yoshihiro Ohmori
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:573
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Young breast cancer survivors are often dissatisfied with the information provided on fertility and sexuality. Our aim was to discuss possible contributing factors and to propose strategies to increase patient...

    Authors: Ali Ben Charif, Anne-Déborah Bouhnik, Dominique Rey, Magali Provansal, Blandine Courbiere, Bruno Spire and Julien Mancini
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:572
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from many cells, carrying cargoes including proteins and nucleic acids. Research has shown that EVs play a role in a variety of biological processes including immunity...

    Authors: Hillary E. Mulvey, Audrey Chang, Jason Adler, Michael Del Tatto, Kimberly Perez, Peter J. Quesenberry and Devasis Chatterjee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:571
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Tamoxifen, the most frequently used drug for treating estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, must be converted into active metabolites to exert its therapeutic efficacy, mainly through CYP2D6 enzymes. The o...

    Authors: Ewa E. Hennig, Magdalena Piatkowska, Jakub Karczmarski, Krzysztof Goryca, Elzbieta Brewczynska, Radoslaw Jazwiec, Anna Kluska, Robert Omiotek, Agnieszka Paziewska, Michal Dadlez and Jerzy Ostrowski
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:570
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The interaction of SDF-1alpha with its receptor CXCR4 plays a role in the occurrence of distant metastasis in many solid tumors. This interaction increases migration from primary sites as well as homing at dis...

    Authors: Jennifer Pasquier, Nadine Abu-Kaoud, Houari Abdesselem, Aisha Madani, Jessica Hoarau-Véchot, Hamda Al. Thawadi, Fabien Vidal, Bettina Couderc, Gilles Favre and Arash Rafii
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:569
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Obatoclax is a clinical stage drug candidate that has been proposed to target and inhibit prosurvival members of the Bcl-2 family, and thereby contribute to cancer cell lethality. The insolubility of this comp...

    Authors: Mai Nguyen, Regina Cencic, Franziska Ertel, Cynthia Bernier, Jerry Pelletier, Anne Roulston, John R. Silvius and Gordon C. Shore
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:568
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Treatment of pulmonary recurrence from colorectal cancer involving the main bronchus usually entails palliation using interventional bronchoscopy, because the prognosis is generally very poor. Surgical experie...

    Authors: Andrea Imperatori, Nicola Rotolo, Lorenzo Dominioni, Elisa Nardecchia, Maria Cattoni, Laura Cimetti, Cristina Riva, Fausto Sessa and Daniela Furlan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:567
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  8. This study included a network meta-analysis of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the therapeutic outcome of transurethral resection (TUR) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder ...

    Authors: Joo Yong Lee, Kang Su Cho, Dong Hyuk Kang, Hae Do Jung, Jong Kyou Kwon, Cheol Kyu Oh, Won Sik Ham and Young Deuk Choi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:566
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Kallikreins have clinical value as prognostic markers in a subset of malignancies examined to date, including kallikrein 3 (prostate specific antigen) in prostate cancer. We previously demonstrated that kallik...

    Authors: Kristen L. Drucker, Caterina Gianinni, Paul A. Decker, Eleftherios P. Diamandis and Isobel A. Scarisbrick
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:565
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Despite complete resection, disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is less than 65 % after one year and not more than 35 % after three years. For muscle invasive gallbladder carc...

    Authors: Alexander Stein, Dirk Arnold, John Bridgewater, David Goldstein, Lars Henrik Jensen, Heinz-Josef Klümpen, Ansgar W. Lohse, Björn Nashan, John Primrose, Silke Schrum, Jenny Shannon, Eik Vettorazzi and Henning Wege
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:564
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  11. Adenosine A2b receptor (ADORA2B) encodes an adenosine receptor that is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. This integral membrane protein stimulates adenylate cyclase activity in the presen...

    Authors: Hiroki Kasama, Yosuke Sakamoto, Atsushi Kasamatsu, Atsushi Okamoto, Tomoyoshi Koyama, Yasuyuki Minakawa, Katsunori Ogawara, Hidetaka Yokoe, Masashi Shiiba, Hideki Tanzawa and Katsuhiro Uzawa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:563
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. The mammary glands of pigs share many functional and morphological similarities with the breasts of humans, raising the potential of their utility for research into the mechanisms underlying normal mammary fun...

    Authors: A. R. Rowson-Hodel, R. Manjarin, J. F. Trott, R. D. Cardiff, A. D. Borowsky and R. C. Hovey
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:562
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. A large number of studies are attempting to identify alternative products from natural sources or synthesized compounds that effectively interact with cancer cells without causing adverse effects on healthy ce...

    Authors: Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira, Stephanie Dynczuki Navarro, Dênis Pires de Lima, Alisson Meza, João Renato Pesarini, Roberto da Silva Gomes, Caroline Bilhar Karaziack, Mariana de Oliveira Mauro, Andréa Luiza Cunha-Laura, Antônio Carlos Duenhas Monreal, Wanderson Romão, Valdemar Lacerda Júnior and Adilson Beatriz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:561
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. XPA-binding protein 2 (XAB2) interacts with Cockayne syndrome complementation group A (CSA), group B (CSB) and RNA polymerase II to initiate nucleotide excision repair. This study aims to evaluate the associat...

    Authors: Na Pei, Lei Cao, Yingwen Liu, Jing Wu, Qinqin Song, Zhi Zhang, Juxiang Yuan and Xuemei Zhang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:560
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The fragile-site associated tumor suppressor (FATS, formerly known as C10orf90), a regulator of p53-p21 pathway has been involved in the onset of breast cancer. Recent data support the idea that the crosstalk bet...

    Authors: Fangfang Song, Jun Zhang, Li Qiu, Yawen Zhao, Pan Xing, Jiachun Lu, Kexin Chen and Zheng Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:559
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The benefits of new innovations in glioblastoma therapies should not be curtailed as a result of delays in commencement of radiation therapy, caused by clinical circumstances as well as diagnostic procedures. ...

    Authors: Sebastian Adeberg, Tilman Bostel, Semi Harrabi, Denise Bernhardt, Thomas Welzel, Wolfgang Wick, Juergen Debus and Stephanie E. Combs
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:558
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. For gastric cancer patients, surgical resection with en-bloc lymphadenectomy is the cornerstone of curative treatment. Open gastrectomy has long been the preferred surgical approach worldwide. However, this proce...

    Authors: Leonie Haverkamp, Hylke JF Brenkman, Maarten FJ Seesing, Suzanne S Gisbertz, Mark I van Berge Henegouwen, Misha DP Luyer, Grard AP Nieuwenhuijzen, Bas PL Wijnhoven, Jan JB van Lanschot, Wobbe O de Steur, Henk H Hartgrink, Jan HMB Stoot, Karel WE Hulsewé, Ernst J Spillenaar Bilgen, Jeroen E Rütter, Ewout A Kouwenhoven…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:556
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  19. Rituximab has been confirmed to improve the survival of patients with B cell indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-iNHLs) in Western world as previously reported, however, it is rarely reported in Chinese cohort. ...

    Authors: Zengjun Li, Fei Li, Shuhua Yi, Zhimin Gu, Zhen Yu, Yan Xu, Xiaoyan Feng, Wei Liu, Dehui Zou, Junyuan Qi, Fenghuang Zhan and Lugui Qiu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:555
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Little is known about the subjective experience of breast cancer survivors after primary treatment. However, these experiences are important because they shape their communication about their illness in everyd...

    Authors: Patricia Lindberg, Michael Koller, Brunhilde Steinger, Wilfried Lorenz, Jeremy C. Wyatt, Elisabeth C. Inwald and Monika Klinkhammer-Schalke
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:554
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Because anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is dependent on Hsp90 for protein stability, Hsp90 inhibitors are effective in controlling growth of lung cancer cells with ALK rearrangement. We investigated the mecha...

    Authors: Hee Joung Kim, Kye Young Lee, Young Whan Kim, Yun Jung Choi, Jung-Eun Lee, Chang Min Choi, In-Jeoung Baek, Jin Kyung Rho and Jae Cheol Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:553
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The prognosis of patients with Ewing sarcoma (ES) has improved over the course of the last decades. However, those patients suffering from metastatic and recurrent ES still have only poor chances of survival a...

    Authors: Andrej Lissat, Mandy Joerschke, Dheeraj A. Shinde, Till Braunschweig, Angelina Meier, Anna Makowska, Rachel Bortnick, Philipp Henneke, Georg Herget, Thomas A. Gorr and Udo Kontny
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:552
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Many cancer cells exhibit reduced mitochondrial respiration as part of metabolic reprogramming to support tumor growth. Mitochondrial localization of several protein tyrosine kinases is linked to this characte...

    Authors: Shahrooz Vahedi, Fu-Yu Chueh, Bala Chandran and Chao-Lan Yu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:551
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Platinum based therapy is commonly used in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. However, resistance to chemotherapy is a major challenge that causes marked variation in individual response rate and surviv...

    Authors: Vinod Vijay Subhash, Shi Hui Tan, Woei Loon Tan, Mei Shi Yeo, Chen Xie, Foong Ying Wong, Zee Ying Kiat, Robert Lim and Wei Peng Yong
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:550
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. CD147 is an MMP-inducing protein often implicated in cancer progression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of CD147 in prostate cancer (PCa) progression and the prognostic ability of ...

    Authors: Tyler M. Bauman, Jonathan A. Ewald, Wei Huang and William A. Ricke
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:549
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Chromosome 1 open reading frame 63 (C1orf63) is located on the distal short arm of chromosome 1, whose allelic loss has been observed in several human cancers. C1orf63 has been reported to be up-regulated in I...

    Authors: Chao-Qun Hong, Fan Zhang, Yan-Jie You, Wei-Li Qiu, Armando E. Giuliano, Xiao-Jiang Cui, Guo-Jun Zhang and Yu-Kun Cui
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:548
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Ovarian cancer is associated with poor long-term survival due to late diagnosis and development of chemoresistance. Tumour hypoxia is associated with many features of tumour aggressiveness including increased ...

    Authors: Lynda M. McEvoy, Sharon A. O’Toole, Cathy D. Spillane, Cara M. Martin, Michael F. Gallagher, Britta Stordal, Gordon Blackshields, Orla Sheils and John J. O’Leary
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:547
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Immunohistochemical assessment of proliferation may provide additional prognostic information in early breast cancer. However, due to a lack of methodological standards proliferation markers are still not rout...

    Authors: Shalaka Joshi, Johnathan Watkins, Patrycja Gazinska, John P. Brown, Cheryl E. Gillett, Anita Grigoriadis and Sarah E. Pinder
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:546
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Elevated basal, ligand-independent, Wnt signaling in some canine breast cancer cells is not caused by classical mutations in APC, β-Catenin or GSK3β but, at least partially, by enhanced LEF1 expression. We exa...

    Authors: Elpetra P. M. Timmermans-Sprang, Ana Gracanin and Jan A. Mol
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:545
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) frequently presents in advanced stages. A significant proportion of those with reportedly good ECOG performance status (PS) fail to receive planned multidisciplinary team (MD...

    Authors: Jemima T. Collins, Simon Noble, John Chester, Helen E. Davies, William D. Evans, Jason Lester, Diane Parry, Rebecca J. Pettit and Anthony Byrne
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:544
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  31. Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) comprises heterogeneous tumours with predominant hypoxic components. The hypoxia-inducible metabolic shift causes microenvironmental acidification generated by carbonic an...

    Authors: Helga Helseth Hektoen, Kjersti Flatmark, Yvonne Andersson, Svein Dueland, Kathrine Røe Redalen and Anne Hansen Ree
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:543
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, reflecting the aggressiveness of this type of cancer and the absence of effective therapeutic regimens. MicroRNAs have been ...

    Authors: Alexandra Drakaki, Maria Hatziapostolou, Christos Polytarchou, Christina Vorvis, George A. Poultsides, John Souglakos, Vassilis Georgoulias and Dimitrios Iliopoulos
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:542
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. HIV infection is associated with a higher incidence of precancerous cervical lesions and their progression to invasive cervical cancer (ICC). Zambia is a global epicenter of HIV and ICC, yet the overall burden...

    Authors: Allen C. Bateman, Katundu Katundu, Mulindi H. Mwanahamuntu, Sharon Kapambwe, Vikrant V. Sahasrabuddhe, Michael L. Hicks, Benjamin H. Chi, Jeffrey S. A. Stringer, Groesbeck P. Parham and Carla J. Chibwesha
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:541
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. For breast cancer patients diagnosed with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors, treatment with tamoxifen is the gold standard. A significant number of patients, however, develop resistance to tamoxifen, and ...

    Authors: Aamir Ahmad, Kevin R. Ginnebaugh, Shuping Yin, Aliccia Bollig-Fischer, Kaladhar B. Reddy and Fazlul H. Sarkar
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:540
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. While the multi-step model of pediatric leukemogenesis suggests interplay between constitutional and somatic genomes, the role of inherit...

    Authors: Jean-François Spinella, Jasmine Healy, Virginie Saillour, Chantal Richer, Pauline Cassart, Manon Ouimet and Daniel Sinnett
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:539
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Posttranscriptional protein modification by SUMOylation plays an important role in tumor development and progression. In the current study we analyzed prevalence and prognostic impact of the de-SUMOylation enz...

    Authors: Christoph Burdelski, Devi Menan, Maria Christina Tsourlakis, Martina Kluth, Claudia Hube-Magg, Nathaniel Melling, Sarah Minner, Christina Koop, Markus Graefen, Hans Heinzer, Corinna Wittmer, Guido Sauter, Ronald Simon, Thorsten Schlomm, Stefan Steurer and Till Krech
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:538
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Class III β-tubulin, Sox2, and Survivin play important roles in tumor survival and proliferation. However, the association of these three factors with clinicopathological characteristics, chemoresistance, and ...

    Authors: Jintong Du, Bei Li, Yingli Fang, Yanguo Liu, Yang Wang, Jisheng Li, Wen Zhou and Xiuwen Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:536
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Renal toxicity has been reported with bisphosphonates such as pamidronate and zolidronate but not with ibandronate, in the treatment of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis. One of the patterns of bisph...

    Authors: Ning Jia, Fionnuala C. Cormack, Bin Xie, Zita Shiue, Behzad Najafian and Julie R. Gralow
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:535
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  40. Clinical studies implying the sunitinib multi-kinase inhibitor have led to disappointing results for breast cancer care but mostly focused on HER2-negative subtypes. Preclinical researches involving this drug ...

    Authors: Benoît Thézé, Nicholas Bernards, Audrey Beynel, Stephan Bouet, Bertrand Kuhnast, Irène Buvat, Bertrand Tavitian and Raphaël Boisgard
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:534
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a crucial role in tumor dissemination and are an independent survival predictor in breast cancer (BC) patients. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in can...

    Authors: M. Mego, Z. Cierna, P. Janega, M. Karaba, G. Minarik, J. Benca, T. Sedlácková, G. Sieberova, P. Gronesova, D. Manasova, D. Pindak, J. Sufliarsky, L. Danihel, JM Reuben and J. Mardiak
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:533
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The optimal management of patients with resectable gastric cancer continues to evolve in Western countries. Following publication of the US Intergroup 0116 and UK Medical Research Council MAGIC trials, there a...

    Authors: Trevor Leong, B Mark Smithers, Michael Michael, Val Gebski, Alex Boussioutas, Danielle Miller, John Simes, John Zalcberg, Karin Haustermans, Florian Lordick, Christoph Schuhmacher, Carol Swallow, Gail Darling and Rebecca Wong
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:532
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  43. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2 or NFE2L2) is abundantly expressed in cancer cells and relates to proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance. Our early observations also found that expression of Nrf...

    Authors: Mingxin Zhang, Chao Zhang, Lingmin Zhang, Qi Yang, Suna Zhou, Qinsheng Wen and Jingjie Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:531
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The aim of this study was to determine whether early tumor shrinkage (ETS) at 6 weeks after treatment correlates with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in advanced biliary tract cancer ...

    Authors: Seung Tae Kim, Kee-Taek Jang, Su Jin Lee, Hye-Lim Jang, Jeeyun Lee, Se Hoon Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang and Joon Oh Park
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:530
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Increasing evidence indicates that rapamycin could be used as a potential glucocorticoid (GC) sensitizer in lymphoblastic malignancies via genetic prevention of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. Interestingly, we found ...

    Authors: Ling Gu, Liping Xie, Chuan Zuo, Zhigui Ma, Yanle Zhang, Yiping Zhu and Ju Gao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:529
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Because to date there is no available study on STAT3 polymorphism and gastric cancer in Western populations and taking into account that Helicobacter pylori CagA EPIYA-C segment deregulates SHP-2/ERK-JAK/STAT3 pa...

    Authors: Gifone A Rocha, Andreia MC Rocha, Adriana D Gomes, César LL Faria Jr, Fabrício F Melo, Sérgio A Batista, Viviane C Fernandes, Nathálie BF Almeida, Kádima N Teixeira, Kátia S Brito and Dulciene Maria Magalhães Queiroz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:528
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Tumor lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in promoting growth and metastasis of tumors, but no antilymphangiogenic agent is used clinically. Based on the effect of norcantharidin (NCTD) on lymphangiogene...

    Authors: Xin-Ping Li, Wei Jing, Jian-Jun Sun, Zhong-Yan Liu, Jing-Tao Zhang, Wei Sun, Wei Zhu and Yue-Zu Fan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:527
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. There is a clear link between irregular breathing and errors in medical imaging and radiation treatment. The audiovisual biofeedback system is an advanced form of respiratory guidance that has previously demon...

    Authors: Sean Pollock, Ricky O’Brien, Kuldeep Makhija, Fiona Hegi-Johnson, Jane Ludbrook, Angela Rezo, Regina Tse, Thomas Eade, Roland Yeghiaian-Alvandi, Val Gebski and Paul J Keall
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:526
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  49. The lymph node metastasis is a key early step of the tumor metastatic process. VEGFD-mediated tumor lymphangiogenesis plays a key role, since down-regulation of p-VEGFR-3 could block the lymph node metastasis....

    Authors: Youzhi Xu, Wenjie Lu, Peng Yang, Wen Peng, Chunting Wang, Manli Li, Yan Li, Guobo Li, Nana Meng, Hongjun Lin, Lixin Kan, Siying Wang, Shengyong Yang, Luoting Yu and YingLan Zhao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:525
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. High grade gliomas (HGGs; grades III and IV) are the most common primary brain tumors in adults, and their malignant nature ranks them fourth in incidence of cancer death. Standard treatment for glioblastomas ...

    Authors: Rheal A. Towner, Michael Ihnat, Debra Saunders, Anja Bastian, Nataliya Smith, Roheeth Kumar Pavana and Aleem Gangjee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:522
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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