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  1. Adoptive transfer of T cells genetically engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has successfully been used to treat both chronic and acute lymphocytic leukemia as well as other hematological cancers...

    Authors: Victoria Hillerdal, Mohanraj Ramachandran, Justyna Leja and Magnus Essand
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Recent studies have shown that glucosamine inhibits the proliferation of various human cancer cell lines and downregulates the activity of COX-2, HIF-1α, p70S6K, and transglutaminase 2. Because the IGF-1R/Akt ...

    Authors: Ki-Hoon Song, Ju-Hee Kang, Jong-Kyu Woo, Jeong-Seok Nam, Hye-Young Min, Ho-Young Lee, Soo-Youl Kim and Seung-Hyun Oh
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Although MYC is an attractive therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment, it has proven challenging to inhibit MYC directly, and clinically effective pharmaceutical agents targeting MYC are not yet availab...

    Authors: Jian Kang, C Marcelo Sergio, Robert L Sutherland and Elizabeth A Musgrove
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Expression of the cold shock protein Y-box protein 1 (YB-1) is associated with deleterious outcome in various malignant diseases. Our group recently showed that the detection of an 18 kDa YB-1 fragment (YB-1/p...

    Authors: Frank Tacke, Oliver Galm, Nicolas Kanig, Eray Yagmur, Sabine Brandt, Jonathan A Lindquist, Christiane S Eberhardt, Ute Raffetseder and Peter R Mertens
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs are involved in gastric cancer development and progression. Here we examine the role of miR-133b in gastric cancer.

    Authors: Yu Zhao, Jie Huang, Li Zhang, Ying Qu, Jianfang Li, Beiqin Yu, Min Yan, Yingyan Yu, Bingya Liu and Zhenggang Zhu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:34
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics represents an ongoing challenge in the field of drug development. TRAIL is a promising cancer drug but its activity profile could benefit from a cancer-selective de...

    Authors: Gunjal Garg, Jesse Gibbs, Brian Belt, Matthew A Powell, David G Mutch, Peter Goedegebuure, Lynne Collins, David Piwnica-Worms, William G Hawkins and Dirk Spitzer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Combination therapy is key to improving cancer treatment efficacy. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a well-known PKC activator, increases the cytotoxicity of several anticancer drugs. Apicularen A induce...

    Authors: Kang-Sik Seo, Jong-Seok Kim, Ji-Hoon Park, Kyoung-Sub Song, Eun-Jin Yun, Jong-Il Park, Gi Ryang Kweon, Wan-Hee Yoon, Kyu Lim and Byung-Doo Hwang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:36
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Chemoresistance is a major factor involved in a poor response and reduced overall survival in patients with advanced breast cancer. Although extensive studies have been carried out to understand the mechanisms...

    Authors: Harris Wang, The Vo, Ali Hajar, Sarah Li, Xinmei Chen, Amadeo M Parissenti, David N Brindley and Zhixiang Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) is a special type of hepatocellular carcinoma with the maximum tumor diameter ≤ 3 cm and excellent long-term outcomes. However, the prognostic factors for SHCC remain cont...

    Authors: Min Du, Lingli Chen, Jing Zhao, Feng Tian, Haiying Zeng, Yunshan Tan, Huichuan Sun, Jian Zhou and Yuan Ji
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The aim of this study was to assess the severity of pain and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) in untreated patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

    Authors: Karine G Oliveira, Sandra V von Zeidler, Jose RV Podestá, Agenor Sena, Evandro D Souza, Jeferson Lenzi, Nazaré S Bissoli and Sonia A Gouvea
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:39
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Hypoxia-induced genes are potential targets in cancer therapy. Responses to hypoxia have been extensively studied in vitro, however, they may differ in vivo due to the specific tumor microenvironment. In this stu...

    Authors: Katharina Leithner, Christoph Wohlkoenig, Elvira Stacher, Jörg Lindenmann, Nicole A Hofmann, Birgit Gallé, Christian Guelly, Franz Quehenberger, Philipp Stiegler, Freyja-Maria Smolle-Jüttner, Sjaak Philipsen, Helmut H Popper, Andelko Hrzenjak, Andrea Olschewski and Horst Olschewski
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has endorsed six dimensions of patient-centredness as crucial to providing quality healthcare. These dimensions outline that care must be: 1) respectful to patients’ values, pre...

    Authors: Flora Tzelepis, Shiho K Rose, Robert W Sanson-Fisher, Tara Clinton-McHarg, Mariko L Carey and Christine L Paul
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. In the oncology setting, there has been increasing interest in evaluating treatment outcomes in terms of quality of life and patient satisfaction. The aim of our study was to investigate the determinants of pa...

    Authors: Thanh Vân France Nguyen, Amélie Anota, Anne Brédart, Alain Monnier, Jean-François Bosset and Mariette Mercier
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:42
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Thrombocytopenia has been reported to be associated with small size HCCs, and thrombocytosis to be associated with large size HCCs. The aim was to examine the effects of platelets in relation to HCC cell growth.

    Authors: Brian I Carr, Aldo Cavallini, Rosalba D’Alessandro, Maria Grazia Refolo, Catia Lippolis, Antonio Mazzocca and Caterina Messa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Membrane vesicles released by neoplastic cells into extracellular medium contain potential of carrying arrays of oncogenic molecules including proteins and microRNAs (miRNA). Extracellular (exosome-like) vesic...

    Authors: Stefan Kruger, Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed, David H Hawke, Philipp M Wörner, David A Jansen, Asim B Abdel-Mageed, Eckhard U Alt and Reza Izadpanah
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:44
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are persistent environmental contaminants that affect metabolic regulation, inflammation, and other factors implicated in the development and prog...

    Authors: Kim E Innes, Jeffrey H Wimsatt, Stephanie Frisbee and Alan M Ducatman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Biological processes are controlled by transcription networks. Expression changes of transcription factor (TF) genes in precancerous lesions are therefore crucial events in tumorigenesis. Our aim was to obtain...

    Authors: Janine Vonlanthen, Michal J Okoniewski, Mirco Menigatti, Elisa Cattaneo, Daniela Pellegrini-Ochsner, Ritva Haider, Josef Jiricny, Teresa Staiano, Federico Buffoli and Giancarlo Marra
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Evidence for the carcinogenicity of shift work in humans is limited because of significant heterogeneity of the results, thus more in-depth research in needed. The Nightingale Study is a nationwide prospective...

    Authors: Anouk Pijpe, Pauline Slottje, Cres van Pelt, Floor Stehmann, Hans Kromhout, Flora E van Leeuwen, Roel CH Vermeulen and Matti A Rookus
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:47
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  19. Although the whole tumor cell vaccine can provide the best source of immunizing antigens, there is still a limitation that most tumors are not naturally immunogenic. Tumor cells genetically modified to secrete...

    Authors: Hongwei Tian, Gang Shi, Guoyou Yang, Junfeng Zhang, Yiming Li, Tao Du, Jianzhou Wang, Fen Xu, Lin Cheng, Xiaomei Zhang, Lei Dai, Xiaolei Chen, Shuang Zhang, Yang Yang, Dechao Yu, Yuquan Wei…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2020 20:42

  20. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a significant role in biological processes, as well as in tumorigenesis and the progression of cancer, especially breast cancer. However, the clinical application of CXCR4 fo...

    Authors: Zhigang Zhang, Chao Ni, Wuzhen Chen, Ping Wu, Zhen Wang, Junhua Yin, Jian Huang and Fuming Qiu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy that develops in women, responsible for the highest cancer-associated death rates. Triple negative breast cancers represent an important subtype that have an aggress...

    Authors: Kelly A Avery-Kiejda, Stephen G Braye, Andrea Mathe, John F Forbes and Rodney J Scott
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Metformin is an approved drug prescribed for diabetes. Its role as an anti-cancer agent has drawn significant attention because of its minimal side effects and low cost. However, its mechanism of anti-tumour a...

    Authors: Ummuhan Demir, Andrea Koehler, Rainer Schneider, Susann Schweiger and Helmut Klocker
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:52
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Radiation-induced skin reaction (RISR) is a common side effect that affects the majority of cancer patients receiving radiation treatment. RISR is often characterised by swelling, redness, pigmentation, fibros...

    Authors: Raymond Javan Chan, Joan Webster, Bryan Chung, Louise Marquart, Muhtashimuddin Ahmed and Stuart Garantziotis
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is accompanied by extensive epigenetic changes, including frequent regional hypermethylation particularly of gene promoter regions. Specific genes, including SEPT9, VIM1

    Authors: Susan M Mitchell, Jason P Ross, Horace R Drew, Thu Ho, Glenn S Brown, Neil FW Saunders, Konsta R Duesing, Michael J Buckley, Rob Dunne, Iain Beetson, Keith N Rand, Aidan McEvoy, Melissa L Thomas, Rohan T Baker, David A Wattchow, Graeme P Young…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Definitive chemoradiation (dCRT) is considered curative intent treatment for patients with inoperable or irresectable esophageal cancer. Acute toxicity data focussing on dCRT are lacking.

    Authors: Nadia Haj Mohammad, Maarten CCM Hulshof, Jacques JGHM Bergman, Debby Geijsen, Johanna W Wilmink, Mark I van Berge Henegouwen and Hanneke WM van Laarhoven
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The editors of BMC Cancer would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 13 (2013).

    Authors: Dafne Solera
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:50
    Content type: Reviewer acknowledgement Published on:

  27. The HECT family ubiquitin ligase Smurf2 regulates cell polarity, migration, division, differentiation and death, by targeting diverse substrates that are critical for receptor signaling, cytoskeleton, chromati...

    Authors: Xianpeng Liu, Xin Gu, Limin Sun, Ashley B Flowers, Alfred W Rademaker, Yiran Zhou and Hiroaki Kiyokawa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Methylentetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a major role in folate metabolism and consequently could be an important factor for the efficacy of a treatment with 5-fluorouracil. Our aim was to evaluate the...

    Authors: Susanne Blank, Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda, Gisela Keller, Wilko Weichert, Florian Lordick, Rupert Langer, Christoph Springfeld, Thomas Bruckner, Karen Becker, Rajiv Kumar and Katja Ott
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Tumor expression of estrogen receptor (ER) is an important marker of prognosis, and is predictive of response to endocrine therapy in breast cancer. Several studies have observed that epigenetic events, such m...

    Authors: Joaquina Martínez-Galán, Blanca Torres-Torres, María Isabel Núñez, Jesús López-Peñalver, Rosario Del Moral, José Mariano Ruiz De Almodóvar, Salomón Menjón, Ángel Concha, Clara Chamorro, Sandra Ríos and Juan Ramón Delgado
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. There is a paucity of data on familial risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and distal gastric adenocarcinoma from population-based studies.

    Authors: Xuejuan Jiang, Chiu-Chen Tseng, Leslie Bernstein and Anna H Wu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Although diagnosed less often, breast cancer in African American women (AAW) displays different characteristics compared to breast cancer in Caucasian women (CW), including earlier onset, less favorable clinic...

    Authors: Lori A Sturtz, Jen Melley, Kim Mamula, Craig D Shriver and Rachel E Ellsworth
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The goal of this study was to compare treatment outcomes for Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIB cervical carcinoma patients receiving radical surgery followed by adjuvant postoperative ra...

    Authors: Yanlan Chai, Tao Wang, Juan Wang, Yunyi Yang, Ying Gao, Jiyong Gao, Shangfeng Gao, Yueling Wang, Xi Zhou and Zi Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. This study aimed at the identification of prognostic gene expression markers in early primary colorectal carcinomas without metastasis at the time point of surgery by analyzing genome-wide gene expression prof...

    Authors: Marion Fehlker, Matthew R Huska, Thomas Jöns, Miguel A Andrade-Navarro and Wolfgang Kemmner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The objective of this prospectively randomized phase II trial (Trial registration: EUCTR2004-004007-37-DE) was to compare the clinical response of primary breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant therapy with let...

    Authors: Peter A Fasching, Sebastian M Jud, Maik Hauschild, Sherko Kümmel, Martin Schütte, Matthias Warm, Volker Hanf, Dieter Grab, Jutta Krocker, Elmar Stickeler, Rolf Kreienberg, Thomas Müller, Thorsten Kühn, Christopher Wolf, Steffen Kahlert, Stefan Paepke…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Spinal bone metastases are commonly diagnosed in cancer patients. The consequences are pain both at rest and under exercise, impairment of activities of daily life (ADL), reduced clinical performance, the risk...

    Authors: Harald Rief, Georg Omlor, Michael Akbar, Thomas Welzel, Thomas Bruckner, Stefan Rieken, Matthias F Haefner, Ingmar Schlampp, Alexandros Gioules, Daniel Habermehl, Friedbert von Nettelbladt and Jürgen Debus
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the aromatase inhibitor exemestane in patients with advanced, persistent or recurrent endometrial carcinoma.

    Authors: Kristina Lindemann, Susanne Malander, Rene D Christensen, Mansoor R Mirza, Gunnar B Kristensen, Elisabeth Aavall-Lundqvist, Ignace Vergote, Per Rosenberg, Karin Boman and Britta Nordstrøm
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Compared with younger patients, older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) generally have poorer survival outcomes and less benefit from clinical trials. A recent phase 3 trial demonstrated a trend toward ...

    Authors: Jiří Mayer, Christopher Arthur, Jacques Delaunay, Grzegorz Mazur, Xavier G Thomas, Agnieszka Wierzbowska, Farhad Ravandi, Erhan Berrak, Mark Jones, Yuhan Li and Hagop M Kantarjian
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. An early age at Breast Cancer (BC) onset may be a hallmark of inherited predisposition, but BRCA1/2 mutations are only found in a minority of younger BC patients. Among the others, a fraction may carry mutatio...

    Authors: Laura Maria Pradella, Cecilia Evangelisti, Claudia Ligorio, Claudio Ceccarelli, Iria Neri, Roberta Zuntini, Laura Benedetta Amato, Simona Ferrari, Alberto Maria Martelli, Giuseppe Gasparre and Daniela Turchetti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:70
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  41. Prognosis of adult patients suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is still unsatisfactory. Targeted therapy via inhibition of deregulated signaling pathways appears to be a promising therapeutic op...

    Authors: Christin Kretzschmar, Catrin Roolf, Tina-Susann Langhammer, Anett Sekora, Anahit Pews-Davtyan, Matthias Beller, Moritz J Frech, Christian Eisenlöffel, Arndt Rolfs and Christian Junghanss
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Angiogenesis is a proliferative process resulting in the development of new blood vessels from existing endothelial cells and is considered crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor angiogenesis can be qu...

    Authors: Juliana Passos Paschoal, Vagner Bernardo, Nathalie Henriques Silva Canedo, Osmar Damasceno Ribeiro, Adriana Caroli-Bottino and Vera Lucia Pannain
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the absence of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Breast cancers with a BRCA1 mutation are a...

    Authors: Tidarat Nhukeaw, Pornvichai Temboot, Kanidtha Hansongnern and Adisorn Ratanaphan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The cytokine TRAIL represents one of the most promising candidates for the apoptotic elimination of tumor cells, either alone or in combination therapies. However, its efficacy is often limited by intrinsic or...

    Authors: Susann Voigt, Stephan Philipp, Parvin Davarnia, Supandi Winoto-Morbach, Christian Röder, Christoph Arenz, Anna Trauzold, Dieter Kabelitz, Stefan Schütze, Holger Kalthoff and Dieter Adam
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most dreaded cancers with very low survival rate and poor prognosis to the existing frontline chemotherapeutic drugs. Gene therapy in combination with a cytotoxic agent ...

    Authors: Jing Xu, Amit Singh and Mansoor M Amiji
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Like normal hematopoietic stem cells, leukemia cells proliferate in bone marrow, where oxygen supply is limited. However, the growth and energy metabolism of leukemia cells under hypoxia have not been well und...

    Authors: Mineaki Goto, Hiroshi Miwa, Kazuto Suganuma, Norikazu Tsunekawa-Imai, Masato Shikami, Motonori Mizutani, Shohei Mizuno, Ichiro Hanamura and Masakazu Nitta
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Esterases are often overexpressed in cancer cells and can have chiral specificities different from that of the corresponding normal tissues. For this reason, ester prodrugs could be a promising approach in che...

    Authors: Christopher A McGoldrick, Yu-Lin Jiang, Victor Paromov, Marianne Brannon, Koyamangalath Krishnan and William L Stone
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Increasing evidence suggests that forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) is frequently dysregulated in many types of human cancers. However, the exact function and mechanism of FOXA1 in human endometrial cancer (EC) remains ...

    Authors: Meiting Qiu, Wei Bao, Jingyun Wang, Tingting Yang, Xiaoying He, Yun Liao and Xiaoping Wan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Quickly and accurately localizing small peripheral pulmonary lesions can avoid prolonged operative time and unplanned open thoracotomy. In this study, we aimed to introduce and evaluate a new technique combini...

    Authors: Yang Shentu, Liang Zhang, Hengle Gu, Feng Mao, Minghui Cai, Zhengping Ding and Zhiqiang Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:79
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Improved insight into the molecular characteristics of the different ovarian cancer subgroups is needed for developing a more individualized and optimized treatment regimen. The aim of this study was to a) ide...

    Authors: Bente Vilming Elgaaen, Ole Kristoffer Olstad, Kari Bente Foss Haug, Berit Brusletto, Leiv Sandvik, Anne Cathrine Staff, Kaare M Gautvik and Ben Davidson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:80
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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