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  1. The prognosis of patients bearing high grade glioma remains dismal. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is well validated as a primary contributor of glioma initiation and progression. Nimotuzumab is a hum...

    Authors: Maria Teresa Solomón, Julio César Selva, Javier Figueredo, José Vaquer, Carolina Toledo, Nelson Quintanal, Silvia Salva, Rafael Domíngez, José Alert, Jorge Juan Marinello, Mauricio Catalá, Martha González Griego, Juan Antonio Martell, Patricia Lorenzo Luaces, Javier Ballesteros, Niurys de-Castro…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:299
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Despite salted fish being a classical risk factor of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC), whether secular trends in salted fish consumption worldwide accounted for changes in NPC rates were unknown. The relationshi...

    Authors: Hiu-Ying Lau, Chit-Ming Leung, Yap-Hang Chan, Anne Wing-Mui Lee, Dora Lai-Wan Kwong, Maria Li Lung and Tai-Hing Lam
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:298
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Over-expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) have been shown to closely correlate with radioresistance of breast cancer cells. This study aimed t...

    Authors: Ping Li, Marlon R Veldwijk, Qing Zhang, Zhao-bin Li, Wen-cai Xu and Shen Fu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:297
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine has been provided in Australia through the National Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Program since April 2007. National registry data demonstrates good coverage of...

    Authors: Elisa J Young, Sepehr N Tabrizi, Julia ML Brotherton, John D Wark, Jan Pyman, Marion Saville, C David Wrede, Yasmin Jayasinghe, Jeffrey Tan, Dorota M Gertig, Marian Pitts and Suzanne M Garland
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:296
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  5. Gene expression profiling (GEP) is increasingly used in the rapidly evolving field of personalized medicine. We sought to evaluate the association between GEP-assessed of breast cancer recurrence risk and pati...

    Authors: Valesca P Retèl, Catharina GM Groothuis-Oudshoorn, Neil K Aaronson, Noel T Brewer, Emiel JT Rutgers and Wim H van Harten
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:295
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Active vitamin D analogs that are less toxic than calcitriol can be useful in the combined treatment of patients suffering from colon cancer. In the present study we demonstrate, for the first time in an in vivo ...

    Authors: Magdalena Milczarek, Mateusz Psurski, Andrzej Kutner and Joanna Wietrzyk
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:294
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic epithelial malignancy showing high prevalence in Southeast Asia and North Africa. The BCL2-associated X (BAX) gene encodes the most important pro-apoptotic me...

    Authors: Christos K Kontos, Ali Fendri, Abdelmajid Khabir, Raja Mokdad-Gargouri and Andreas Scorilas
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:293
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. As the incidence of prostate cancer continues to rise steeply, there is an increasing need to identify more accurate prognostic markers for the disease. There is some evidence that a higher modified Glasgow Pr...

    Authors: Kashif Shafique, Michael J Proctor, Donald C McMillan, Hing Leung, Karen Smith, Billy Sloan and David S Morrison
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:292
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The inhibitor of differentiation (ID) genes have been implicated as promoters of tumor progression and metastasis in many human cancers. The current study investigated the expression and functional roles of ID...

    Authors: Ji Hoon Phi, Seung Ah Choi, Sang-Hee Lim, Joongyub Lee, Kyu-Chang Wang, Sung-Hye Park and Seung-Ki Kim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:291
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Our previous studies showed that SIRT1 was over-expressed in gastric cancer specimens and related with lymph node metastasis. However, the mechanism of SIRT1 up-regulation and its association with metastasis i...

    Authors: Lihua Zhang, Xueqing Wang and Pingsheng Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:290
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Accumulating evidence supports cancer to initiate and develop from a small population of stem-like cells termed as cancer stem cells (CSC). The exact phenotype of CSC and their counterparts in normal mammary g...

    Authors: Hazem Ghebeh, Ghida Majed Sleiman, Pulicat S Manogaran, Amer Al-Mazrou, Eman Barhoush, Falah H Al-Mohanna, Asma Tulbah, Khalid Al-Faqeeh and Chaker N Adra
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:289
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma is a cancer form with increasing incidence rate and few treatment options. Wee1 is a central regulator of the G2/M DNA-damage checkpoint, and has in previous studies been describ...

    Authors: Gry Irene Magnussen, Ellen Hellesylt, Jahn M Nesland, Claes G Trope, Vivi Ann Flørenes and Ruth Holm
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:288
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Cancer survivors are a heterogeneous group with complex health problems. Data concerning its total number and growing dynamics for Switzerland are scarce and outdated.

    Authors: Christian Herrmann, Thomas Cerny, Anita Savidan, Penelope Vounatsou, Isabelle Konzelmann, Christine Bouchardy, Harald Frick and Silvia Ess
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:287
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Rhabdoid tumors are highly aggressive malignancies affecting infants and very young children. In many instances these tumors are resistant to conventional type chemotherapy necessitating alternative approaches.

    Authors: Kornelius Kerl, David Ries, Rebecca Unland, Christiane Borchert, Natalia Moreno, Martin Hasselblatt, Heribert Jürgens, Marcel Kool, Dennis Görlich, Maria Eveslage, Manfred Jung, Michael Meisterernst and Michael Frühwald
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:286
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Recent research has revealed that targeting mitochondrial bioenergetic metabolism is a promising chemotherapeutic strategy. Key to successful implementation of this chemotherapeutic strategy is the use of new ...

    Authors: Gang Cheng, Jacek Zielonka, Donna M McAllister, A Craig Mackinnon Jr, Joy Joseph, Michael B Dwinell and Balaraman Kalyanaraman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:285
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is recommended and commonly used for extended treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), but its superiority over warfarin has been demonstrated in only one randomised...

    Authors: Agnes YY Lee, Rupert Bauersachs, Mette S Janas, Mikala F Jarner, Pieter W Kamphuisen, Guy Meyer and Alok A Khorana
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:284
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  17. To establish a distant metastasis (DM) cells must disseminate from the primary tumor and overcome a series of obstacles, the metastatic cascade. In this study we develop a mathematical model for this cascade t...

    Authors: Frank AW Coumans, Sabine Siesling and Leon WMM Terstappen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:283
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Associations between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and colorectal cancer have been reported previously but few studies have characterized PAH exposure using biological measurements. We evaluated colo...

    Authors: Jonathan N Hofmann, Linda M Liao, Paul T Strickland, Xiao-Ou Shu, Gong Yang, Bu-Tian Ji, Hong-Lan Li, Nathaniel Rothman, Farin Kamangar, Yu-Tang Gao, Wei Zheng and Wong-Ho Chow
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:282
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. A dramatic increase in the incidence of the diffuse form of gastric adenocarcinomas and particularly signet ring cell carcinomas has been observed in Western countries. Evidence is accruing that signet ring ce...

    Authors: Guillaume Piessen, Mathieu Messager, Karine Le Malicot, William B Robb, Frédéric Di Fiore, Marie Guilbert, Marie Moreau, Véronique Christophe, Antoine Adenis and Christophe Mariette
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:281
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  20. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA molecules that act as regulators of gene expression. Circulating blood miRNAs offer great potential as cancer biomarkers. The objective of this study was to correla...

    Authors: Fung Lin Yong, Chee Wei Law and Chee Woon Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:280
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Current standard for most of the locally advanced rectal cancers is preoperative chemoradiotherapy, and, variably per institution, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Short-course preoperative radiation with ...

    Authors: Per J Nilsson, Boudewijn van Etten, Geke AP Hospers, Lars Påhlman, Cornelis JH van de Velde, Regina GH Beets-Tan, Lennart Blomqvist, Jannet C Beukema, Ellen Kapiteijn, Corrie AM Marijnen, Iris D Nagtegaal, Theo Wiggers and Bengt Glimelius
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:279
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  22. Diffusely reflected light is influenced by cytologic and morphologic changes that take place during tissue transformation, such as, nuclear changes, extracellular matrix structure and composition as well as bl...

    Authors: Manju M Stephen, Jayaraj L Jayanthi, Nisha G Unni, Philip E Kolady, Valappil T Beena, Panniyammakal Jeemon and Narayanan Subhash
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:278
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. p53 (encoded by TP53) is involved in DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, aging and cellular senescence. TP53 is mutated in around 50% of human cancers. Nevertheless, the consequences of p53 inact...

    Authors: Arantza Fariña Sarasqueta, Giusi Irma Forte, Wim E Corver, Noel F de Miranda, Dina Ruano, Ronald van Eijk, Jan Oosting, Rob AEM Tollenaar, Tom van Wezel and Hans Morreau
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:277
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The editors of BMC Cancer would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 12 (2012).

    Authors: Christna Chap
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:186
    Content type: Reviewer acknowledgement Published on:

  25. It is not known whether children with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have an infection risk similar to non- APL acute myeloid leukemia. The objective was to describe infectious risk in children with newly ...

    Authors: Sonia Cellot, Donna Johnston, David Dix, Marie-Chantal Ethier, Biljana Gillmeister, David Mitchell, Rochelle Yanofsky, Victor Lewis, Carol Portwine, Victoria Price, Shayna Zelcer, Mariana Silva, Lynette Bowes, Bruno Michon, Kent Stobart, Josee Brossard…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:276
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Early detection and risk assessment are crucial for treating urothelial cancer (UC), which is characterized by a high recurrence rate, and necessitates frequent and invasive monitoring. We aimed to establish d...

    Authors: Yoshitomo Chihara, Yae Kanai, Hiroyuki Fujimoto, Kokichi Sugano, Kiyotaka Kawashima, Gangning Liang, Peter A Jones, Kiyohide Fujimoto, Hiroki Kuniyasu and Yoshihiko Hirao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:275
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  27. NOTCH1 PEST domain mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia have recently been shown to be of prognostic relevance. Both NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 are constitutively activated in B-cell CLL but not expressed in normal ...

    Authors: Kerstin Willander, Ravi Kumar Dutta, Jonas Ungerbäck, Rebeqa Gunnarsson, Gunnar Juliusson, Mats Fredrikson, Mats Linderholm and Peter Söderkvist
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:274
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used in the chemotherapy of breast cancer and as a preventive agent against recurrence after surgery. However, extended TAM administration for breast cancer induces increased VEGF lev...

    Authors: B N Prashanth Kumar, Shashi Rajput, Kaushik Kumar Dey, Aditya Parekh, Subhasis Das, Abhijit Mazumdar and Mahitosh Mandal
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:273
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Exercise seems to minimize prostate cancer specific mortality risk and treatment related side effects like fatigue and incontinence. However the influence of physical activity on the immunological level remain...

    Authors: Philipp Zimmer, Elke Jäger, Wilhelm Bloch, Eva Maria Zopf and Freerk T Baumann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:272
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  30. Cancer–testis antigens (CTA) comprise a family of proteins, which are physiologically expressed in adult human tissues solely in testicular germ cells and occasionally placenta. However, CTA expression has bee...

    Authors: Dimitrios Balafoutas, Axel zur Hausen, Sebastian Mayer, Marc Hirschfeld, Markus Jaeger, Dominik Denschlag, Gerald Gitsch, Achim Jungbluth and Elmar Stickeler
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:271
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The increasing number of individuals living with cancer has led to a focus on the quality of life of survivors, and their families. Sexual wellbeing is a central component of quality of life, with a growing bo...

    Authors: Janette Perz, Jane M Ussher and Emilee Gilbert
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:270
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) often develops decades following exposure to asbestos. Current best therapy produces a response in only half of patients, and the median survival with this therapy remains ...

    Authors: Ren Liu, Benjamin D Ferguson, Yue Zhou, Kranthi Naga, Ravi Salgia, Parkash S Gill and Valery Krasnoperov
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:269
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Defects in tight junctions, gate-keepers of the integrity of the epidermal barrier function, are known to contribute to cancer development. As such, enhancing our understanding of how the expression of protein...

    Authors: Anne A Blanchard, Xiuli Ma, Kevin J Dueck, Carla Penner, Steven C Cooper, Drew Mulhall, Leigh C Murphy, Etienne Leygue and Yvonne Myal
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:268
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Molecular targeted therapy has emerged as a promising treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One potential target is the Src family Kinase (SFK). C-Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase is a critical link ...

    Authors: Alex Y Chang and Miao Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:267
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Thermoablation is used to treat patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). We analyze clinical outcome, proteome kinetics and angiogenic markers in patients treated by cryosurgical ablation...

    Authors: Marieke WJLAE Wertenbroek, Marianne Schepers, Hannetta J Kamminga-Rasker, Jan T Bottema, Anneke C Muller Kobold, Han Roelofsen and Koert P de Jong
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:266
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1 or L1), the most abundant and only autonomously active family of non-LTR retrotransposons in the human genome, expressed not only in the germ lines but also in somat...

    Authors: Gangshi Wang, Jie Gao, Haili Huang, Yu Tian, Liyan Xue, Weihua Wang, Weidi You, Hongwei Lian, Xiaojian Duan, Benyan Wu and Mengwei Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Metronomic chemotherapy is considered an anti-angiogenic therapy that involves chronic administration of low-dose chemotherapy at regular short intervals. We investigated the optimal metronomic dose of oral vi...

    Authors: Evangelos Briasoulis, Gerasimos Aravantinos, George Kouvatseas, Periklis Pappas, Eirini Biziota, Ioannis Sainis, Thomas Makatsoris, Ioannis Varthalitis, Ioannis Xanthakis, Antonios Vassias, George Klouvas, Ioannis Boukovinas, George Fountzilas, Kostantinos N Syrigos, Haralambos Kalofonos and Epaminontas Samantas
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The EML4–ALK (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 gene and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene) fusion oncogene represents a novel molecular target in a small subset of non–small–cell lung cancers (N...

    Authors: Akihiko Miyanaga, Kumi Shimizu, Rintaro Noro, Masahiro Seike, Kazuhiro Kitamura, Seiji Kosaihira, Yuji Minegishi, Takehito Shukuya, Akinobu Yoshimura, Masashi Kawamoto, Shinichi Tsuchiya, Koichi Hagiwara, Manabu Soda, Kengo Takeuchi, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Mano…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:262
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  40. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are expressed ubiquitously. Each of the four families of CAMs is comprised of glycosylated, membrane-bound proteins that participate in multiple cellular processes including cell...

    Authors: Joseph M Feduska, Patrick L Garcia, Stephanie B Brennan, Su Bu, Leona N Council and Karina J Yoon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:261
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The role of tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A in the esophageal and gastric cardia carcinogenesis is still inconclusive. In this study, the polymorphism, promoter methylation and gene expression of RASSF1A were chara...

    Authors: Sheng Li Zhou, Juan Cui, Zong Min Fan, Xue Min Li, Ji Lin Li, Bao Chi Liu, Dong Yun Zhang, Hong Yan Liu, Xue Ke Zhao, Xin Song, Ran Wang, Ze Chen Yan, Hui Xing Yi and Li Dong Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:259
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Our previous studies have suggested that the primary impact of immune cell infiltration into the normal or pre-invasive tissue component is associated with the physical destruction of epithelial capsules, whic...

    Authors: Hongyan Yuan, Yi-Hsuan Hsiao, Yiyu Zhang, Jinlian Wang, Chao Yin, Rong Shen and Yiping Su
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Both dietary and serum levels of inorganic phosphate (Pi) have been linked to development of cancer in experimental studies. This is the first population-based study investigating the relation between serum Pi...

    Authors: Wahyu Wulaningsih, Karl Michaelsson, Hans Garmo, Niklas Hammar, Ingmar Jungner, Göran Walldius, Lars Holmberg and Mieke Van Hemelrijck
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:257
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Lapatinib is characterized as an ErbB1/ErbB2 dual inhibitor and has recently been approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In this study, we examined mechanisms associated with enhancing the act...

    Authors: N Winston West, Aileen Garcia-Vargas, Charles E Chalfant and Margaret A Park
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. High-grade (WHO grade III and IV) astrocytomas are aggressive malignant brain tumors affecting humans with a high risk of recurrence in both children and adults. To date, limited information is available on th...

    Authors: Sara Tomaselli, Federica Galeano, Luca Massimi, Concezio Di Rocco, Libero Lauriola, Angela Mastronuzzi, Franco Locatelli and Angela Gallo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:255
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. High serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its role as a predictive marker of treatme...

    Authors: Oscar Arrieta, Cynthia Villarreal-Garza, Luis Martínez-Barrera, Marcelino Morales, Yuzmiren Dorantes-Gallareta, Omar Peña-Curiel, Susana Contreras-Reyes, Eleazar Omar Macedo-Pérez and Jorge Alatorre-Alexander
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Estrogen metabolism-mediated oxidative stress is suggested to play an important role in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. We have earlier demonstrated that antioxidants, vitamin C (Vit C) and butylated h...

    Authors: Bhupendra Singh, Anwesha Chatterjee, Amruta M Ronghe, Nimee K Bhat and Hari K Bhat
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), elevated in tumor cells, catalyzes the first reaction in the pentose-phosphate pathway. The regulation mechanism of G6PD and pathological change in human melanoma grow...

    Authors: Tao Hu, Chunhua Zhang, Qiongling Tang, Yanan Su, Bo Li, Long Chen, Zheng Zhang, Tianchi Cai and Yuechun Zhu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:251
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Targeting signaling pathways is an attractive approach in many malignancies. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is activated in a number of human neoplasms, accompanied by lower overall and/or disease free survival. mT...

    Authors: Ágnes Márk, Melinda Hajdu, Zsófia Váradi, Tamás Béla Sticz, Noémi Nagy, Judit Csomor, Lajos Berczi, Viktória Varga, Monika Csóka, László Kopper and Anna Sebestyén
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2013 13:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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