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  1. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is becoming increasingly used in treating localized prostate cancer (PCa), with evidence showing similar toxicity and efficacy profiles when compared with longer courses o...

    Authors: Ting Martin Ma, James M. Lamb, Maria Casado, Xiaoyan Wang, T. Vincent Basehart, Yingli Yang, Daniel Low, Ke Sheng, Nzhde Agazaryan, Nicholas G. Nickols, Minsong Cao, Michael L. Steinberg and Amar U. Kishan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:538
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  2. FOLFIRINOX (FFX) and Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) have been recommended as the first-line chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC). However, the evidence is lacking comparing not only two r...

    Authors: Jung Won Chun, Sang Hyub Lee, Joo Seong Kim, Namyoung Park, Gunn Huh, In Rae Cho, Woo Hyun Paik, Ji Kon Ryu and Yong-Tae Kim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:537
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. We reported previously that rectal cancer patients given curative-intent chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery for non-metastatic disease had enhanced risk of metastatic progression and death if circulating lev...

    Authors: Hanna Abrahamsson, Sebastian Meltzer, Vidar Nyløkken Hagen, Christin Johansen, Paula A. Bousquet, Kathrine Røe Redalen and Anne Hansen Ree
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:535
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy predominantly associated with infection by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Approximately 12,900 new cases of NPC occur each year, with more than 70% of cases occurr...

    Authors: Jin-Hao Yang, Xue-Song Sun, Bei-Bei Xiao, Li-Ting Liu, Shan-Shan Guo, Jia-Dong Liang, Guo-Dong Jia, Lin-Quan Tang, Qiu-Yan Chen and Hai-Qiang Mai
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:534
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. The clinical staging systems for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) are controversial. We aimed to propose a prognostic nomogram based on real-world data for predicting survival of Siewert ty...

    Authors: Jian Chen, Yu-Jian Xia, Tian-Yu Liu, Yuan-Hui Lai, Ji-Shang Yu, Tian-Hao Zhang, Shiyin Ooi and Yu-Long He
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:532
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Cervical cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among females in low and middle-income countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the independent prognostic value of clinical and p...

    Authors: Hui-Hui Chen, Wei-Yu Meng, Run-Ze Li, Qing-Yi Wang, Yu-Wei Wang, Hu-Dan Pan, Pei-Yu Yan, Qi-Biao Wu, Liang Liu, Xiao-Jun Yao, Min Kang and Elaine Lai-Han Leung
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:531
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Osimertinib is a third generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in lung cancer. However, although this molecule is not subject to some of the resistan...

    Authors: Ulrich Jarry, Mégane Bostoën, Raphaël Pineau, Laura Chaillot, Valentine Mennessier, Pierre Montagne, Emilie Motte, Marjorie Gournay, Arnaud Le Goff, Thierry Guillaudeux and Rémy Pedeux
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:530
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2021 21:574

  8. Oxaliplatin-based therapy with FOLFOX-4 or CAPOX administered over 6 months remains the standard adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer (CC) patients. However, many patients experience dose reduction or...

    Authors: Jolanta Żok, Michał Bieńkowski, Barbara Radecka, Jan Korniluk, Krzysztof Adamowicz and Renata Duchnowska
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:529
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Incidence of breast cancer continues to rise in low- and middle-income countries, with data from the East African country of Tanzania predicting an 82% increase in breast cancer from 2017 to 2030. We aimed to ...

    Authors: Rupali Sood, Nestory Masalu, Roisin M. Connolly, Christina A. Chao, Lucas Faustine, Cosmas Mbulwa, Benjamin O. Anderson and Anne F. Rositch
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:527
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Immigration has taken the central stage in world politics, especially in the developed countries like Germany, where the continuous flow of immigrants has been well documented since 1960s. Strikingly, emerging...

    Authors: Roman Rüdiger, Franziska Geiser, Manuel Ritter, Peter Brossart, Mignon-Denise Keyver-Paik, Andree Faridi, Hartmut Vatter, Friedrich Bootz, Jennifer Landsberg, Jörg C. Kalff, Ulrich Herrlinger, Glen Kristiansen, Torsten Pietsch, Stefan Aretz, Daniel Thomas, Lukas Radbruch…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:526
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Benefit of carboplatin and dose-dense weekly paclitaxel (ddCT) in first line treatment of ovarian cancer patients has been different in Western and Asian studies. In the present study we compare progression-fr...

    Authors: Rafaela Pirolli, Viviane Teixeira Loiola de Alencar, Felipe Leonardo Estati, Adriana Regina Gonçalves Ribeiro, Daniella Yumi Tsuji Honda, Mariana de Oliveira, Joao Paulo da Silveira Nogueira Lima, Elizabeth Santana dos Santos, Andrea Paiva Gadelha Guimarães, Glauco Baiocchi and Alexandre André Balieiro Anastácio da Costa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:525
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Pancreatic head adenocarcinoma (PHAC), a malignant tumour, has a very poor prognosis, and the existing prognostic tools lack good predictive power. This study aimed to develop a better nomogram to predict over...

    Authors: Wenbo Zou, Zizheng Wang, Fei Wang, Gong Zhang and Rong Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:524
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. The purpose of this study was to explore clinicalpathology features, molecular features and outcome of male breast cancer patients who expressed ER, PR as well as HER-2, namely triple-positive male breast canc...

    Authors: Biyuan Wang, Hui Wang, Andi Zhao, Mi Zhang and Jin Yang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:523
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) was initially applied to locally advanced breast cancer to convert advanced lesions to an operable status. Currently, its application has been expanded to enhance overall oncolo...

    Authors: Jia-Ruei Yang, Wen-Ling Kuo, Chi-Chang Yu, Shin-Cheh Chen and Jung-Ju Huang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:522
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Complement component(C7) gene has been shown to influence the prognosis in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The association between C7 and HCC recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), h...

    Authors: Zhongyi Jiang, Qianwei Jiang, Xu Fang, Pusen Wang, Weitao Que, Hao Li, Yang Yu, Xueni Liu, Chunguang Wang and Lin Zhong
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:521
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. The presence of lateral pelvic lymph node (LLN) metastasis is an essential prognostic factor in rectal cancer patients. Thus, preoperative diagnosis of LLN metastasis is clinically important to determine the t...

    Authors: Ryohei Yukimoto, Mamoru Uemura, Takahiro Tsuboyama, Tsuyoshi Hata, Shiki Fujino, Takayuki Ogino, Norikatsu Miyoshi, Hidekazu Takahashi, Taishi Hata, Hirofumi Yamamoto, Tsunekazu Mizushima, Akira Kida, Mamoru Furuyashiki, Yuichiro Doki and Hidetoshi Eguchi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:520
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. To explore the combined predictive value of serum uric acid (SUA) and tumor response to induction chemotherapy (IC) in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) patients receiving IC followed by concur...

    Authors: Yuanji Xu, Zijie Wu, Wangzhong Ye, Youping Xiao, Wei Zheng, Qinyan Chen, Penggang Bai, Zhizhong Lin and Chuanben Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:519
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. RAS/BRAFV600E mutations are the most remarkable oncogenic driver mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) and play an important role in treatment selection. No data are available regarding the clinical and prognostic...

    Authors: Tatsuki Ikoma, Mototsugu Shimokawa, Masahito Kotaka, Toshihiko Matsumoto, Hiroki Nagai, Shogen Boku, Nobuhiro Shibata, Hisateru Yasui and Hironaga Satake
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:518
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. CA19–9 is one of the most widely used tumor markers in biliary-pancreatic diseases. The measured value may not factually reflect the genuine CA19–9 level secreted by tumor, which affected by biliary obstructio...

    Authors: Bangbo Zhao, Qin Cheng, Hongtao Cao, Xingtong Zhou, Tianhao Li, Liangbo Dong and Weibin Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:517
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. In 2020, Morocco recorded more than 59,370 new cases of cancer and more than 35,265 cases of death (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Annual report Morocco, 2020). Cancer is always accompanied by so...

    Authors: Fahd Elkhalloufi, Saber Boutayeb, Fouzia Mamouch, Latifa Rakibi, Sanae Elazzouzi and Hassan Errihani
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:516
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The treatment landscape for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) has evolved rapidly since immuno-oncology (IO) therapies were introduced. This study used recent data to assess real-world treatment pat...

    Authors: Jason Lester, Carles Escriu, Sarah Khan, Emma Hudson, Talal Mansy, Andrew Conn, Samuel Chan, Ceri Powell, Juliet Brock, John Conibear, Lauren Nelless, Vaneet Nayar, Xiaohui Zhuo, Adeline Durand, Amerah Amin, Peter Martin…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:515
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. While the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) as standard of care treatment for various tumor types has led to considerable improvements in clinical outcome, the majority of patients still fail to res...

    Authors: Mathieu Spaas, Nora Sundahl, Eva Hulstaert, Vibeke Kruse, Sylvie Rottey, Daan De Maeseneer, Veerle Surmont, Annabel Meireson, Lieve Brochez, Dries Reynders, Els Goetghebeur, Robbe Van den Begin, Dirk Van Gestel, Vincent Renard, Piet Dirix, Pieter Mestdagh…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:514
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  25. Definitive radiation therapy (dRT) is an effective initial treatment of intermediate-risk (IR) and high-risk (HR) prostate cancer (PCa). PSMA PET/CT is superior to standard of care imaging (CT, MRI, bone scan)...

    Authors: Jeremie Calais, Shaojun Zhu, Nader Hirmas, Matthias Eiber, Boris Hadaschik, Martin Stuschke, Ken Herrmann, Johannes Czernin, Amar U. Kishan, Nicholas G. Nickols, David Elashoff and Wolfgang P. Fendler
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:512
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  26. Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy remains the standard treatment in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Several studies have shown a potential value of concurrent epidermal growth f...

    Authors: Lucheng ZHU, Changlin Zou, Zhanchun Zhang, Jianfang Wang, Li Yang, Chuangzhou Rao, Zhiping Yang, Jiafeng Liang, Bing Xia and M. A. Shenglin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:511
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  27. Disulfiram and metals inactivate key oncoproteins resulting in anti-neoplastic activity. The goal of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of copper when administered with disulfiram in patien...

    Authors: Kristen C. Kelley, Kenneth F. Grossman, Mary Brittain-Blankenship, Kelli M. Thorne, Wallace L. Akerley, Moises C. Terrazas, Ken M. Kosak, Kenneth M. Boucher, Saundra S. Buys, Kimberly A. McGregor, Theresa L. Werner, Neeraj Agarwal, John R. Weis, Sunil Sharma, John H. Ward, Thomas P. Kennedy…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:510
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) require chronic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion due to anemia. Multiple RBC transfusions cause secondary iron overload and subsequent excessive generation of react...

    Authors: Lap Shu Alan Chan, Lilly ChunHong Gu and Richard A. Wells
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:509
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Prostate cancer (CaP) cases are high in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, there are an estimated number of 174,650 CaP new cases in 2019. The estimated number of deaths from CaP in 2...

    Authors: Justice Moses K. Aheto, Ovie A. Utuama and Getachew A. Dagne
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:508
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pleiotropic cytokine with both anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic activity, affecting tumor cell biology, the balance between cell survival and death. The final effect...

    Authors: Silvia Tyciakova, Valeria Valova, Barbora Svitkova and Miroslava Matuskova
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:507
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The aim of this multicenter, randomized phase II study was to analyze the feasibility and safety of alternate-day S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine, for adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected p...

    Authors: Norihito Okumura, Junichi Soh, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Masao Nakata, Toshiya Fujiwara, Hiroshige Nakamura, Makoto Sonobe, Takuji Fujinaga, Kazuhiko Kataoka, Kenichi Gemba, Masafumi Kataoka, Katsuyuki Hotta, Hiroshige Yoshioka, Keitaro Matsuo, Junichi Sakamoto, Hiroshi Date…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:506
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. To investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of pulmonary metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) contiguous with the mediastinum using the artificia...

    Authors: Taiyang Zuo, Wenli Lin, Fengyong Liu and Jinshun Xu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:505
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Lower prevalence HPV infection has been previously reported in Thai population when compared with Western countries. p16 expression indicates HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), but n...

    Authors: Lalida Arsa, Teerada Siripoon, Narumol Trachu, Sasithorn Foyhirun, Duangjai Pangpunyakulchai, Suda Sanpapant, Natini Jinawath, Poompis Pattaranutaporn, Artit Jinawath and Nuttapong Ngamphaiboon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:504
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Studies on unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastasis(CRLM) rarely analyze the prognosis of the patients from the point of colonic subsites. We aimed to evaluate the effect of primary tumor resection (PTR...

    Authors: Jiefeng Zhao, Jinfeng Zhu, Rui Sun, Chao Huang, Rongfa Yuan and Zhengming Zhu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:503
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical significance and risk factors of upgrading in the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group System in men undergoing robot-assi...

    Authors: Yuta Takeshima, Yuta Yamada, Taro Teshima, Tetsuya Fujimura, Shigenori Kakutani, Yuji Hakozaki, Naoki Kimura, Yoshiyuki Akiyama, Yusuke Sato, Taketo Kawai, Daisuke Yamada and Haruki Kume
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:501
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Chimeric antigen-receptor T-cell and bispecific antibody therapies will likely necessitate a reconsideration of the role of autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) in lymphoma. Patients who are likely to p...

    Authors: Kristina Noring, Mattias Carlsten, Kristina Sonnevi and Björn Engelbrekt Wahlin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:500
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Genetic alterations for epithelial ovarian cancer are insufficiently characterized. Previous studies are limited regarding included histologies, gene numbers, copy number variant (CNV) detection, and interpret...

    Authors: Nina Lapke, Chien-Hung Chen, Ting-Chang Chang, Angel Chao, Yen-Jung Lu, Chyong-Huey Lai, Kien Thiam Tan, Hua-Chien Chen, Hsiao-Yun Lu and Shu-Jen Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:499
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. It remains no clear conclusion about which is better between robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSC...

    Authors: Jianglei Ma, Xiaoyao Li, Shifu Zhao, Jiawei Wang, Wujia Zhang and Guangyuan Sun
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:498
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has been categorized based on tumor location as intrahepatic (ICCA), perihilar (PCCA) or distal (DCCA), and based on the morphology of the tumor of the bile duct as mass forming (MF), ...

    Authors: Chaiwat Tawarungruang, Narong Khuntikeo, Nittaya Chamadol, Vallop Laopaiboon, Jaruwan Thuanman, Kavin Thinkhamrop, Matthew Kelly and Bandit Thinkhamrop
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:497
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. More people are surviving a first primary cancer and experiencing a second, different cancer. However, little is known about the diagnostic journeys of patients with second primary cancer (SPC). This study exp...

    Authors: Debbie Cavers, Rhona Duff, Annemieke Bikker, Karen Barnett, Lovney Kanguru, David Weller, David H. Brewster and Christine Campbell
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:496
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Afatinib has shown favorable response rates (RRs) and longer progression free survival (PFS) in lung cancer patients harboring EGFR mutations compared with standard platinum-based chemotherapy. However, seriou...

    Authors: Yi-Chieh Chen, Ming-Ju Tsai, Mei-Hsuan Lee, Chia-Yu Kuo, Mei-Chiou Shen, Ying-Ming Tsai, Huang-Chi Chen, Jen-Yu Hung, Ming-Shyan Huang, Inn-Wen Chong and Chih-Jen Yang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:495
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy (SABR) is a non-invasive treatment which allows delivery of an ablative radiation dose with high accuracy and precision. SABR is an established treatment for both primar...

    Authors: Yoo Young Dominique Lee, Doan Trang Nguyen, Trevor Moodie, Ricky O’Brien, Anne McMaster, Andrew Hickey, Nicole Pritchard, Per Poulsen, Elizaveta Mitkina Tabaksblat, Britta Weber, Esben Worm, David Pryor, Julie Chu, Nicholas Hardcastle, Jeremy Booth, Val Gebski…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:494
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  44. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest and the most common primary brain tumor in adults. The invasiveness and proliferation of GBM cells can be decreased through the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In this ...

    Authors: Aleksandra Majchrzak-Celińska, Julia O. Misiorek, Nastassia Kruhlenia, Lukasz Przybyl, Robert Kleszcz, Katarzyna Rolle and Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:493
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) that transforms from mature, skin-homing T cells and progresses during the early stages in the skin. The role of the skin microenvironment i...

    Authors: Syed Jafar Mehdi, Andrea Moerman-Herzog and Henry K. Wong
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:492
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Cancer survivors who develop breast cancer as a second malignancy (BCa-2) are common. Yet, little is known about the prognosis of BCa-2 compared to first primary breast cancer (BCa-1).

    Authors: Chengshi Wang, Kejia Hu, Lei Deng, Wei He, Fang Fang, Rulla M. Tamimi and Donghao Lu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:491
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. A prognostic benefit of additive chemotherapy in patients following resection of metachronous colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) remains controversial. Therefore, the goal of this retrospective study was to in...

    Authors: Matthias Kelm, Julia Schollbach, Friedrich Anger, Armin Wiegering, Ingo Klein, Christoph-Thomas Germer, Nicolas Schlegel, Volker Kunzmann and Stefan Löb
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:490
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. We aimed to evaluate the prognosis in patients with synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancer (SEOC) by comparing the differences between double primary cancer (DPC) and metastatic cancer (MC).

    Authors: Wonkyo Shin, Sang-Yoon Park, Sokbom Kang, Myong Cheol Lim and Sang-Soo Seo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:489
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Synaptophysin, chromogranin and CD56 are recommended markers to identify pulmonary tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation. Whether the expression of these markers in pulmonary adenocarcinoma and pulmonary ...

    Authors: Katharina Kriegsmann, Christiane Zgorzelski, Thomas Muley, Petros Christopoulos, Michael Thomas, Hauke Winter, Martin Eichhorn, Florian Eichhorn, Moritz von Winterfeld, Esther Herpel, Benjamin Goeppert, Albrecht Stenzinger, Felix J. F. Herth, Arne Warth and Mark Kriegsmann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:486
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The assessment of retroperitoneal lymph node status in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer is still a problem. This study aimed to explore the choice of these assessment methods.

    Authors: Wei Li, Li Xiong, Qiaoling Zhu, Hong Lu, Meiling Zhong, Meirong Liang, Wei Jiang, Yanan Wang and Wei Cheng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:484
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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