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  1. A totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) provides reliable, long-term vascular access and improves patients’ quality of life. The wide use of TIVADs is associated with important complications. A meta...

    Authors: Shaoyong Wu, Jingxiu Huang, Zongming Jiang, Zhimei Huang, Handong Ouyang, Li Deng, Wenqian Lin, Jin Guo and Weian Zeng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:747
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Several studies show that bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and hypoxia condition can promote the survival of leukemic cells and induce resistance to anti-leukemic drugs. However, the molecular mechanism for c...

    Authors: C. Petit, F. Gouel, I. Dubus, C. Heuclin, K. Roget and J. P. Vannier
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:746
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Sequential biopsy of breast cancer is used to assess biomarker effects and drug efficacy. The preoperative “window of opportunity” setting is advantageous to test biomarker changes in response to therapeutic a...

    Authors: Sirwan M. Hadad, Lee B. Jordan, Pankaj G. Roy, Colin A. Purdie, Takayuki Iwamoto, Lajos Pusztai, Stacy L. Moulder-Thompson and Alastair M. Thompson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:745
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. While programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors have activity in a proportion of patients with advanced bladder cancer, strongly predictive and prognostic biomarkers...

    Authors: Archana Anantharaman, Terence Friedlander, David Lu, Rachel Krupa, Gayatri Premasekharan, Jeffrey Hough, Matthew Edwards, Rosa Paz, Karla Lindquist, Ryon Graf, Adam Jendrisak, Jessica Louw, Lyndsey Dugan, Sarah Baird, Yipeng Wang, Ryan Dittamore…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:744
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The incidence rate has been increasing for superficial head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) discovered through surveillance endoscopic study using narrow band imaging (NBI), a procedure mainly used fo...

    Authors: Hiroshi Nakamura, Tomonori Yano, Satoshi Fujii, Tomohiro Kadota, Toshifumi Tomioka, Takeshi Shinozaki, Ryuichi Hayashi and Kazuhiro Kaneko
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:743
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Bicyclol, a novel synthetic antihepatitis drug, is widely known to protect against liver injury. However, few reports have focused on the possible effect of bicyclol on anti-proliferation and autophagy inducti...

    Authors: Yu Wang, Hao Nie, Xin Zhao, Yong Qin and Xingguo Gong
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:742
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. It has become evident that intra-tumor heterogeneity of breast cancer impact on several biological processes such as proliferation, migration, cell death and also might contribute to chemotherapy resistance. T...

    Authors: José Esparza-López, Pier A. Ramos-Elías, Andrea Castro-Sánchez, Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta, Elizabeth Escobar-Arriaga, Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa, Eucario León-Rodríguez, Heriberto Medina-Franco and María de Jesus Ibarra-Sánchez
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:740
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Efforts to improve end of life care (EoLC) have made tangible impacts on care in adults, including enabling more people to die at their preferred place of death (PoD), usually home or hospices. Little is known...

    Authors: Wei Gao, Julia Verne, Janet Peacock, Charles Stiller, Claudia Wells, Anne Greenough and Irene J. Higginson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:727
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The incidence of Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common type of thyroid malignancy, has risen rapidly worldwide. PTC usually has an excellent prognosis. However, the rising incidence of PTC, due at...

    Authors: Kevin Brennan, Christopher Holsinger, Chrysoula Dosiou, John B. Sunwoo, Haruko Akatsu, Robert Haile and Olivier Gevaert
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:736
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. To date, the study of the risks and benefits of breast cancer screening has not included the onset of persistent pain after breast cancer treatment within the context of population-based screening programs. Ou...

    Authors: Anabel Romero, Isabel Torà-Rocamora, Marisa Baré, Teresa Barata, Laia Domingo, Joana Ferrer, Núria Torà, Mercè Comas, Carmen Merenciano, Francesc Macià, Xavier Castells and Maria Sala
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:735
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. In Germany, most breast cancer patients are treated in specialized breast cancer units (BCU), which are certified, and routinely monitored. Herein, we evaluate up-to-date oncological outcome of breast cancer (...

    Authors: André Hennigs, Fabian Riedel, Adam Gondos, Peter Sinn, Peter Schirmacher, Frederik Marmé, Dirk Jäger, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Anne Stieber, Katja Lindel, Jürgen Debus, Michael Golatta, Florian Schütz, Christof Sohn, Jörg Heil and Andreas Schneeweiss
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:734
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Cancer is the leading cause of premature death in Canada. In the last decade, important gains in cancer survival have been achieved by advances in adjuvant treatment. However, many oncologic treatments also re...

    Authors: Edith Pituskin, Mark Haykowsky, Margaret McNeely, John Mackey, Neil Chua and Ian Paterson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:733
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  15. It is generally accepted that the energy resources of cancer cells rely on anaerobic metabolism or the glycolytic system, even if they have sufficient oxygen. This is known as the Warburg effect. The cells ski...

    Authors: Satomi Ueki, Yuko Murakami, Shoji Yamada, Masaki Kimura, Yoshimasa Saito and Hidetsugu Saito
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:732
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. For several decades now an antagonism between Trypanosoma cruzi infection and tumor development has been detected. The molecular basis of this phenomenon remained basically unknown until our proposal that T. cruz...

    Authors: Paula Abello-Cáceres, Javier Pizarro-Bauerle, Carlos Rosas, Ismael Maldonado, Lorena Aguilar-Guzmán, Carlos González, Galia Ramírez, Jorge Ferreira and Arturo Ferreira
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:731
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. The purpose of our research was to determine the prognostic impact and clinicopathological feature of c-MYC and β-catenin overexpression in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

    Authors: Kyu Sang Lee, Yoonjin Kwak, Kyung Han Nam, Duck-Woo Kim, Sung-Bum Kang, Gheeyoung Choe, Woo Ho Kim and Hye Seung Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:730
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Lung cancer is usually presented with cough, dyspnea, pain and weight loss, which is overlapping with symptoms of other lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis shows characteristic reticul...

    Authors: Bakir Mehić, Lina Duranović Rayan, Nurija Bilalović, Danina Dohranović Tafro and Ilijaz Pilav
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:729
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  19. Standard therapy for borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer in the UK is surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy, but rates of resection with clear margins are unsatisfactory and overall survival remains poor. Met...

    Authors: Daniel L. P. Holyoake, Elizabeth Ward, Derek Grose, David McIntosh, David Sebag-Montefiore, Ganesh Radhakrishna, Neel Patel, Michael Silva, Somnath Mukherjee, Victoria Y. Strauss, Lang’o Odondi, Emmanouil Fokas, Alan Melcher and Maria A. Hawkins
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:728
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  20. The heterogeneity and tumourigenicity of metastatic melanoma is attributed to a cancer stem cell model, with CD133 considered to be a cancer stem cell marker in melanoma as well as other tumours, but its role ...

    Authors: Carole Grasso, Matthew Anaka, Oliver Hofmann, Ramakrishna Sompallae, Kate Broadley, Winston Hide, Michael V. Berridge, Jonathan Cebon, Andreas Behren and Melanie J. McConnell
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:726
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Mutations in DNA damage response factors BRCA1 and BRCA2 confer sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1/BRCA2-defective tumors can exhibit resistance t...

    Authors: Ruoxi Hong, Fei Ma, Weimin Zhang, Xiying Yu, Qing Li, Yang Luo, Changjun Zhu, Wei Jiang and Binghe Xu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:725
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2016 16:925

  22. We previously reported that IL-6 and transglutaminase 2 (TG2) were expressed in more aggressive basal-like breast cancer cells, and TG2 and IL-6 expression gave these cells stem-cell-like phenotypes, increased...

    Authors: Keunhee Oh, Ok-Young Lee, Yeonju Park, Myung Won Seo and Dong-Sup Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:724
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The primary cause of treatment failure in medulloblastomas (MB) is the development of leptomeningeal dissemination (seeding). For translational research on MB seeding, one of the major challenges is the develo...

    Authors: Seung Ah Choi, Pil Ae Kwak, Seung-Ki Kim, Sung-Hye Park, Ji Yeoun Lee, Kyu-Chang Wang, Hyun Jeong Oh, Kyuwan Kim, Dong Soo Lee, Do Won Hwang and Ji Hoon Phi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:723
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score on survival compared with the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio ...

    Authors: Takahiro Toyokawa, Naoshi Kubo, Tatsuro Tamura, Katsunobu Sakurai, Ryosuke Amano, Hiroaki Tanaka, Kazuya Muguruma, Masakazu Yashiro, Kosei Hirakawa and Masaichi Ohira
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:722
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. We hypothesized that pretreatment serum levels of insulin and other serum markers would predict Progression-free survival (PFS), defined as time to castration-resistant progression or death, in metastatic andr...

    Authors: Farshid Dayyani, Amado J. Zurita, Graciela M. Nogueras-González, Rebecca Slack, Randall E. Millikan, John C. Araujo, Gary E. Gallick, Christopher J. Logothetis and Paul G. Corn
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:721
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Globally, cancer rates are increasing. In Scotland, it is estimated that 2 in 5 people will develop cancer in their lifetime. Therefore, this is crucial time to provide personalised care and support to individ...

    Authors: Austyn Snowden, Jenny Young and Mick Fleming
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:720
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  27. Radioresistance is one of the major factors limiting the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Accumulating evidence has suggested that aberrant expression of long...

    Authors: Guo Li, Yong Liu, Chao Liu, Zhongwu Su, Shuling Ren, Yunyun Wang, Tengbo Deng, Donghai Huang, Yongquan Tian and Yuanzheng Qiu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:719
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Desmoplastic malignant pleural mesothelioma (DMM) is rare histological subtype of diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), accounting for 5–10 % of cases. It has a poor prognosis, with direct invasion of ...

    Authors: Kana Hashimoto, Yusuke Okuma, Yukio Hosomi and Tsunekazu Hishima
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:718
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  29. Although radiotherapy following mastectomy was demonstrated to reduce the recurring risk and improve the prognosis of patients with breast cancer, it is also notorious for comprehensive side effects, hence onl...

    Authors: Li Min, Cheng Zhang, Ruolan Ma, Xiaofan Li, Hua Yuan, Yihao Li, Ruxuan Chen, Caiyun Liu, Jianping Guo, Like Qu and Chengchao Shou
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:717
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Human anion exchanger 1 and 2 (AE1 and AE2) mediate the exchange of Cl−/HCO3 − across the plasma membrane and regulate intracellular pH (pHi). AE1 is specifically expressed on the surfa...

    Authors: Ting Wang, Hong-Jun Fei, Ye Yang, Xiao-Shu Jiang, Min Yan, Zhi Zeng, Jun Wu, Ling-Jun Song, Hua Tian and Guo-Hui Fu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:716
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The purpose of this study was to examine racial and socio-economic differences in the receipt of laparoscopic or open surgery among patients with colorectal cancer, and to determine if racial and socio-economi...

    Authors: Tomi Akinyemiju, Qingrui Meng and Neomi Vin-Raviv
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:715
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The role of laparoscopic resection in patients with clinically suspicious T4 colorectal cancer remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term and oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic r...

    Authors: Jong Seob Park, Jung Wook Huh, Yoon Ah Park, Yong Beom Cho, Seong Hyeon Yun, Hee Cheol Kim, Woo Yong Lee and Ho-Kyung Chun
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:714
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Loss of Amylo-alpha-1-6-glucosidase-4-alpha-glucanotransferase (AGL) drives rapid proliferation of bladder cancer cells by upregulating Hyaluronic acid(HA) Synthase (HAS2) mediated HA synthesis. However the ro...

    Authors: Darby Oldenburg, Yuanbin Ru, Benjamin Weinhaus, Steve Cash, Dan Theodorescu and Sunny Guin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:713
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Response-guided neoadjuvant chemotherapy (RG-NACT) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is effective in treating oestrogen receptor positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 negative (ER-positive/HER2...

    Authors: Anna Miquel-Cases, Lotte M. G. Steuten, Lisanne S. Rigter and Wim H. van Harten
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:712
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Accounting for patients’ perspective has become increasingly important. Based on the Consumer Quality Index method (founded on Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) a questionnaire was recen...

    Authors: Anke Wind, Mark Patrick Roeling, Jana Heerink, Herman Sixma, Pietro Presti, Claudio Lombardo and Wim van Harten
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:711
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. In 2014 approximately 21,200 patients were diagnosed with oesophageal and gastric cancer in England and Wales, of whom 37 % underwent planned curative treatments. Potentially curative surgical resection is ass...

    Authors: M. A. West, L. Loughney, G. Ambler, B. D. Dimitrov, J. J. Kelly, M. G. Mythen, R. Sturgess, P. M. A. Calverley, A. Kendrick, M. P. W. Grocott and S. Jack
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:710
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  37. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. In a randomized phase III trial, combination of Nab-paclitaxel (Nab-P) plus gemcitabine showed superior activity and efficacy in first-li...

    Authors: Ferdinando De Vita, Jole Ventriglia, Antonio Febbraro, Maria Maddalena Laterza, Alessio Fabozzi, Beatrice Savastano, Angelica Petrillo, Anna Diana, Guido Giordano, Teresa Troiani, Giovanni Conzo, Gennaro Galizia, Fortunato Ciardiello and Michele Orditura
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:709
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been suggested to confer several clinical benefits in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing transperineal prostate brachytherapy (TPPB). Unlike gonad...

    Authors: Kenta Miki, Hiroshi Sasaki, Masahito Kido, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Manabu Aoki and Shin Egawa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:708
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  39. Baicalein is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine derived from Scutellaria baicalenesis, which has been traditionally used as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapy. In this study we examined the anti-tumour ...

    Authors: Mary-Clare Cathcart, Zivile Useckaite, Clive Drakeford, Vikki Semik, Joanne Lysaght, Kathy Gately, Kenneth J. O’Byrne and Graham P. Pidgeon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:707
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. We previously described several abnormally expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in tong squamous cell carcinomas (TSCCs) that might be associated with tumor progression. In the present study, we aimed to inv...

    Authors: Zhengyu Fang, Shanshan Zhang, Yufan Wang, Shiyue Shen, Feng Wang, Yinghua Hao, Yuxia Li, Bingyue Zhang, You Zhou and Hongyu Yang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:706
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with hepatic vein tumor thrombosis (HVTT) extending to the inferior vena cava (IVC) have an extremely poor prognosis. Here we report a case of HCC with HVTT and renal dy...

    Authors: Atene Itoh, Hiroshi Sadamori, Kazuhisa Yabushita, Kazuteru Monden, Masashi Tatsukawa, Masayoshi Hioki, Tsuyoshi Hyodo, Kunihiro Omonishi, Toru Ueki, Satoshi Ohno, Kohsaku Sakaguchi and Norihisa Takakura
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:705
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  42. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a high incidence form of bladder cancer (BCa), where genetic and epigenetic alterations occur frequently. We assessed the performance of associating a FGFR3 mutation ...

    Authors: Jean-Pierre Roperch, Bernard Grandchamp, François Desgrandchamps, Pierre Mongiat-Artus, Vincent Ravery, Idir Ouzaid, Morgan Roupret, Véronique Phe, Calin Ciofu, Florence Tubach, Olivier Cussenot and Roberto Incitti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:704
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The continual reassessment method (CRM) requires an underlying model of the dose-toxicity relationship (“prior skeleton”) and there is limited guidance of what this should be when little is known about this as...

    Authors: Gareth D. James, Stefan N. Symeonides, Jayne Marshall, Julia Young and Glen Clack
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:703
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Iron is essential for cell replication, metabolism and growth. Because neoplastic cells have high iron requirements due to their rapid proliferation, iron depletion may be a novel therapeutic strategy for canc...

    Authors: Hirofumi Harima, Seiji Kaino, Taro Takami, Shuhei Shinoda, Toshihiko Matsumoto, Koichi Fujisawa, Naoki Yamamoto, Takahiro Yamasaki and Isao Sakaida
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:702
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Hypoxia is a typical character of locally advanced solid tumours. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is the main regulator under the hypoxic environment. HIF-1α regulates various gen...

    Authors: Seon-Ok Lee, Joo-Seok Kim, Myoung-Sun Lee and Hyo-Jeong Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:701
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. In breast cancer, the epithelial to mesenchyme transition (EMT) is associated to tumour dissemination, drug resistance and high relapse risks. It is partly controlled by epigenetic modifications such as histon...

    Authors: Jean-Marc Gregoire, Laurence Fleury, Clara Salazar-Cardozo, Frédéric Alby, Véronique Masson, Paola Barbara Arimondo and Frédéric Ausseil
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:700
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. As a multi-targeted anti-angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor sunitinib (SUN) has been established for renal cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In advanced refractory esophagogastric ca...

    Authors: Markus Moehler, Irina Gepfner-Tuma, Annett Maderer, Peter C. Thuss-Patience, Joern Ruessel, Susanna Hegewisch-Becker, Hansjochen Wilke, Salah-Eddin Al-Batran, Mohammad-Reza Rafiyan, Florian Weißinger, Hans-Joachim Schmoll, Frank Kullmann, Ludwig Fischer von Weikersthal, Jens T. Siveke, Jens Weusmann, Stephan Kanzler…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:699
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Breast cancer and its treatment-related adverse effects are harmful to physical, psychological, and social functioning, leading to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) impairment in patients. Many programs h...

    Authors: Kaina Zhou, Duolao Wang, Xiaole He, Lanting Huo, Jinghua An, Minjie Li, Wen Wang and Xiaomei Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:698
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  49. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in 25 to 30 % of human breast cancers and is preferentially localized in lipid rafts. Stomatin ...

    Authors: Chin-Yau Chen, Chih-Yung Yang, Yen-Chung Chen, Chia-Wen Shih, Su-Shun Lo and Chi-Hung Lin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:697
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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