Table 1 Univariate analysis factors associated with PFS or OS

Age, (≤ 65 v >  65)

1.50 (0.84–2.67)

P = 0.170

1.39 (0.81–2.39)

P = 0.230

Sex, (Male v Female)

1.18 (0.68–2.06)

P = 0.559

1.061 (0.66–1.81)

P = 0.829

TNM stage, (I + II vs. III + IV)

2.76 (1.45–5.24)

P = 0.002

2.10 (1.18–3.73)

P = 0.012

 Gall stone (no v yes)

1.58 (0.89–2.81)

P = 0.117

1.47 (0.85–2.54)

P = 0.166

 Diabetes (no v yes)

1.27 (0.66–2.45)

P = 0.467

1.15 (0.64–2.05)

P = 0.640

 Hypertension (no v yes)

1.40 (0.77–2.52)

P = 0.270

1.50 (0.86–2.63)

P = 0.156

 Cholecystitis (no v yes)

1.34 (0.74–2.41)

P = 0.335

1.34 (0.77–2.35)

P = 0.304

Jaundice (no v yes)

2.82 (1.49–5.33)

P = 0.001

2.58 (1.35–4.92)

P = 0.004

Completed resection (no v yes)

0.38 (0.21–0.68)

P = 0.001

0.40 (0.22–0.72)

P = 0.002

CEA (>  5 μg/L)

1.97 (1.08–3.60)

P = 0.028

1.61 (0.90–2.89)

P = 0.110

CA19–9 (>  34 U/mL)

2.77 (1.52–5.06)

P = 0.001

2.28 (1.28–4.04)

P = 0.005

 ALT (>  40 U/L)

2.13 (1.15–3.95)

P = 0.016

2.04 (1.10–3.79)

P = 0.023

 AST (>  35 U/L)

1.63 (0.91–2.91)

P = 0.099

1.34 (0.79–2.42)

P = 0.264

 TBil (>  22.2 μmol/L)

1.625 (0.91–2,90)

P = 0.101

1.38 (0.79–2.44)

P = 0.261

 DBil (>  6.8 μmol/L)

2.71 (1.50–4.91)

P = 0.001

2.45 (1.35–4.47)

P = 0.003

 GGT (>  45 U/L)

2.34 (1.31–4.17)

P = 0.004

2.055 (1.17–3.61)

P = 0.013

 ALP (>  135 U/L)

1.99 (1.12–3.56)

P = 0.020

1.75 (0.99–3.08)

P = 0.055

Differentiation (moderate vs. poor)

1.95 (1.10–3.46)

P = 0.023

1.57 (0.92–2.68)

P = 0.100

Mean tumor size (≤ 3.0 v > 3.0 cm)

1.07 (0.61–1.88)

P = 0.816

1.02 (0.60–1.72)

P = 0.955

 CD133⁺ in TCs

1.09 (0.62–1.91)

P = 0.776

0.99 (0.58–1.71)

P = 0.994

 CD8⁺ TILs (CD8^low vs. CD8^high)

0.49 (0.28–0.86)

P = 0.014

0.54 (0.31–0.93)

P = 0.026

 PD-1⁺ in TILs

1.14 (0.66–1.98)

P = 0.636

1.26 (0.74–2.13)

P = 0.398

 PD-L1⁺ in TCs

1.92 (0.95–3.88)

P = 0.067

1.87 (0.95–3.68)

P = 0.071

 PD-L1⁻ vs. PD-L1⁺

1.86 (1.04–3.33)

P = 0.038

1.60 (0.93–2.75)

P = 0.088

 PD-L2- vs. PD-L2⁺

1.52 (0.82–2.80)

P = 0.185

1.40 (0.80–2.46)

P = 0.242

 Overall

NA; P = 0.003

NA; P = 0.018

 I vs. II

3.14 (1.11–8.85)

P = 0.031

2.40 (1.03–5.59)

P = 0.042

 I vs. III

3.36 (1.21–9.30)

P = 0.020

2.75 (1.16–6.51)

P = 0.021

 I vs. IV

7.38 (2.49–21.89)

< 0.001

4.81 (1.81–12.78)

P = 0.002