Ferlay J, Steliarova-Foucher E, Lortet-Tieulent J, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: estimates for 40 countries in 2012. Eur J Cancer. 2013;49:1374–403.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schmoll HJ, Van CE, Stein A, et al. ESMO Consensus Guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer. A personalized approach to clinical decision making. Ann Oncol. 2012;23:2479–516.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kanas GP, Taylor A, Primrose JN, et al. Survival after liver resection in metastatic colorectal cancer: review and meta-analysis of prognostic factors. Clin Epidemiol. 2012;4:283–301.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stangl R, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Charnley RM, et al. Factors influencing the natural history of colorectal liver metastases. Lancet. 1994;343:1405–10.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Van CE, Cervantes A, Nordlinger B, et al. Metastatic colorectal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(Suppl 3):iii1–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Rougier P, Van CE, Bajetta E, et al. Randomised trial of irinotecan versus fluorouracil by continuous infusion after fluorouracil failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet. 1998;352:1407–12.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Seymour MT, Maughan TS, Ledermann JA, et al. Different strategies of sequential and combination chemotherapy for patients with poor prognosis advanced colorectal cancer (MRC FOCUS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370:143–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Giles RH, van Es JH, Clevers H. Caught up in a Wnt storm: Wnt signaling in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003;1653:1–24.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stein U, Arlt F, Walther W, et al. The metastasis-associated gene S100A4 is a novel target of beta-catenin/T-cell factor signaling in colon cancer. Gastroenterology. 2006;131:1486–500.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stein U, Arlt F, Smith J, et al. Intervening in beta-catenin signaling by sulindac inhibits S100A4-dependent colon cancer metastasis. Neoplasia. 2011;13:131–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dahlmann M, Okhrimenko A, Marcinkowski P, et al. RAGE mediates S100A4-induced cell motility via MAPK/ERK and hypoxia signaling and is a prognostic biomarker for human colorectal cancer metastasis. Oncotarget. 2014;5:3220–33.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sack U, Walther W, Scudiero D, et al. S100A4-induced cell motility and metastasis is restricted by the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway inhibitor calcimycin in colon cancer cells. Mol Biol Cell. 2011;22:3344–54.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sack U, Walther W, Scudiero D, et al. Novel effect of antihelminthic Niclosamide on S100A4-mediated metastatic progression in colon cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103:1018–36.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schneider M, Hansen JL, Sheikh SP. S100A4: a common mediator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibrosis and regeneration in diseases? J Mol Med (Berl). 2008;86:507–22.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Helfman DM, Kim EJ, Lukanidin E, et al. The metastasis associated protein S100A4: role in tumour progression and metastasis. Br J Cancer. 2005;92:1955–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Boye K, Nesland JM, Sandstad B, et al. EMMPRIN is associated with S100A4 and predicts patient outcome in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2012;107:667–74.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rud AK, Lund-Iversen M, Berge G, et al. Expression of S100A4, ephrin-A1 and osteopontin in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer. 2012;12:333.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Boye K, Nesland JM, Sandstad B, et al. Nuclear S100A4 is a novel prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46:2919–25.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boye K, Maelandsmo GM. S100A4 and metastasis: a small actor playing many roles. Am J Pathol. 2010;176:528–35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Natarajan J, Hunter K, Mutalik VS, et al. Overexpression of S100A4 as a biomarker of metastasis and recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Appl Oral Sci. 2014;22:426–33.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Huang H, Zheng HY, Liu ZL, et al. Prognostic significance of relaxin-2 and S100A4 expression in osteosarcoma. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18:2828–34.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stein U, Burock S, Herrmann P, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of metastasis inducer S100A4 transcripts in plasma of colon, rectal, and gastric cancer patients. J Mol Diagn. 2011;13:189–98.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ambartsumian NS, Grigorian MS, Larsen IF, et al. Metastasis of mammary carcinomas in GRS/A hybrid mice transgenic for the mts1 gene. Oncogene. 1996;13:1621–30.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Weinbach EC, Garbus J. Mechanism of action of reagents that uncouple oxidative phosphorylation. Nature. 1969;221:1016–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen M, Wang J, Lu J, et al. The anti-helminthic niclosamide inhibits Wnt/Frizzled1 signaling. Biochemistry. 2009;48:10267–74.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chen W, Chen M, Barak LS. Development of small molecules targeting the Wnt pathway for the treatment of colon cancer: a high-throughput screening approach. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2010;299:G293–300.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Osada T, Chen M, Yang XY, et al. Antihelminth compound niclosamide downregulates Wnt signaling and elicits antitumor responses in tumors with activating APC mutations. Cancer Res. 2011;71:4172–82.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Motoyoshi Y, et al. Niclosamide suppresses hepatoma cell proliferation via the Wnt pathway. Onco Targets Ther. 2013;6:1685–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ono M, Yin P, Navarro A, et al. Inhibition of canonical WNT signaling attenuates human leiomyoma cell growth. Fertil Steril. 2014;101:1441–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Londono-Joshi AI, Arend RC, Aristizabal L, et al. Effect of niclosamide on basal-like breast cancers. Mol Cancer Ther. 2014;13:800–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Arend RC, Londono-Joshi AI, Samant RS, et al. Inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway by niclosamide: a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2014;134:112–20.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
King ML, Lindberg ME, Stodden GR, et al. WNT7A/beta-catenin signaling induces FGF1 and influences sensitivity to niclosamide in ovarian cancer. Oncogene. 2015;34:3452–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Satoh K, Zhang L, Zhang Y, et al. Identification of niclosamide as a novel anticancer agent for adrenocortical carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22:3458–66.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Li Y, Li PK, Roberts MJ, et al. Multi-targeted therapy of cancer by niclosamide: a new application for an old drug. Cancer Lett. 2014;349:8–14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Pan JX, Ding K, Wang CY. Niclosamide, an old antihelminthic agent, demonstrates antitumor activity by blocking multiple signaling pathways of cancer stem cells. Chin J Cancer. 2012;31:178–84.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Li M, Khambu B, Zhang H, et al. Suppression of lysosome function induces autophagy via a feedback down-regulation of MTOR complex 1 (MTORC1) activity. J Biol Chem. 2013;288:35769–80.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Balgi AD, Fonseca BD, Donohue E, et al. Screen for chemical modulators of autophagy reveals novel therapeutic inhibitors of mTORC1 signaling. PLoS One. 2009;4:e7124.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fonseca BD, Diering GH, Bidinosti MA, et al. Structure-activity analysis of niclosamide reveals potential role for cytoplasmic pH in control of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. J Biol Chem. 2012;287:17530–45.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ren X, Duan L, He Q, et al. Identification of niclosamide as a new small-molecule inhibitor of the STAT3 signaling pathway. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2010;1:454–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wieland A, Trageser D, Gogolok S, et al. Anticancer effects of niclosamide in human glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19:4124–36.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jin Y, Lu Z, Ding K, et al. Antineoplastic mechanisms of niclosamide in acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells: inactivation of the NF-kappaB pathway and generation of reactive oxygen species. Cancer Res. 2010;70:2516–27.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liao Z, Nan G, Yan Z, et al. The anthelmintic drug niclosamide inhibits the proliferative activity of human osteosarcoma cells by targeting multiple signal pathways. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2015;15:726–38.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yo YT, Lin YW, Wang YC, et al. Growth inhibition of ovarian tumor-initiating cells by niclosamide. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012;11:1703–12.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lu W, Lin C, Roberts MJ, et al. Niclosamide suppresses cancer cell growth by inducing Wnt co-receptor LRP6 degradation and inhibiting the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. PLoS One. 2011;6:e29290.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Li R, Hu Z, Sun SY, et al. Niclosamide overcomes acquired resistance to erlotinib through suppression of STAT3 in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2013;12:2200–12.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stewart RL, Carpenter BL, West DS, et al. S100A4 drives non-small cell lung cancer invasion, associates with poor prognosis, and is effectively targeted by the FDA-approved anti-helminthic agent niclosamide. Oncotarget. 2016;7:34630–42.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Li R, You S, Hu Z, et al. Inhibition of STAT3 by niclosamide synergizes with erlotinib against head and neck cancer. PLoS One. 2013;8:e74670.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Khanim FL, Merrick BA, Giles HV, et al. Redeployment-based drug screening identifies the anti-helminthic niclosamide as anti-myeloma therapy that also reduces free light chain production. Blood Cancer J. 2011;1:e39.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Andrews P, Thyssen J, Lorke D. The biology and toxicology of molluscicides, bayluscide. Pharmacol Ther. 1982;19:245–95.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grothey A, Van CE, Sobrero A, et al. Regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (CORRECT): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381:303–12.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Van CE, Tabernero J, Lakomy R, et al. Addition of aflibercept to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan improves survival in a phase III randomized trial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with an oxaliplatin-based regimen. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:3499–506.
Article
Google Scholar
Simon R. Optimal two-stage designs for phase II clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1989;10:1–10.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar