Table 4 Gallbladder-related toxicity and potential gallbladder-related toxicity reported with tyrosine kinase inhibitors other than motesanib
Agent | Molecular target(s) | Study / Study type | Adverse events reported |
|---|---|---|---|
Cediranib | VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3 | Laurie et al. [21] – phase 1 study | Acute cholecystitis |
Batchelor et al. [22] – phase 2 study | Gallbladder obstruction, abdominal pain | ||
Imatinib | BCR-ABL, Kit, PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β | Yeh et al. [23] – single-arm study | Gallstones |
Breccia et al. [37] – case report | Gallstones, gallbladder wall thickening, abdominal pain | ||
Grant et al. [24] – phase 1 study | Cholecystitis | ||
Sorafenib | VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, Raf, PDGFR-β, Flt-3, Kit | Sanda et al. [20] – case report | Right upper abdominal pain, gallbladder edema, acute acalculous cholecystitis |
Nexavar European public assessment report [26] | Cholecystitis, cholangitis | ||
Nexavar US prescribing information [25] | Cholecystitis, cholangitis | ||
Sunitinib | VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β, Flt-3, Kit | Motzer et al. [17] – single-arm study | Acute cholecystitis |
De Lima Lopes, Jr., et al. [18] – case report | Acute emphysematous cholecystitis, right upper abdominal pain, gallbladder distension | ||
Gomez-Abuin et al. [19] – case report | Acute acalculous cholecystitis, right upper abdominal pain, gallbladder wall thickening |