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  1. Currently available chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) survival reports have originated from more affluent countries. Herein we report the entire country data on incidence and survival of CML, as well as penetran...

    Authors: Tumas Beinortas, Ilma Tavorienė, Tadas Žvirblis, Rolandas Gerbutavičius, Mindaugas Jurgutis and Laimonas Griškevičius
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:198
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. With improvements in treatment of cancer, more men of fertile age are survivors of cancer. This study evaluates trends in birth rates among male cancer survivors and mortality rates of their offspring.

    Authors: Siau-Wei Tang, Jenny Liu, Lester Juay, Kamila Czene, Hui Miao, Agus Salim, Helena M Verkooijen and Mikael Hartman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Ampullary cancer is a relatively rare form of cancer and usually treated by pancreatoduodenectomy, followed by adjuvant therapy. The intestinal subtype is associated with markedly improved prognosis after rese...

    Authors: Zon Weng Lai, Louisa Bolm, Hannah Fuellgraf, Martin L. Biniossek, Frank Makowiec, Ulrich Theodor Hopt, Martin Werner, Tobias Keck, Dirk Bausch, Claudio Sorio, Aldo Scarpa, Oliver Schilling, Peter Bronsert and Ulrich Friedrich Wellner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:195
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Intratumor heterogeneity may be responsible of the unpredictable aggressive clinical behavior that some clear cell renal cell carcinomas display. This clinical uncertainty may be caused by insufficient samplin...

    Authors: Laura Zaldumbide, Asier Erramuzpe, Rosa Guarch, Rafael Pulido, Jesús M. Cortés and José I. López
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:194
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Radiation therapy is the method of choice for subjects with inoperable salivary gland malignancies. I-125 brachytherapy, delivering a high radiation dose to a tumor but sparing surrounding normal tissues, is s...

    Authors: Shu-Ming Liu, Hai-Bo Wang, Yan Sun, Yan Shi, Jie Zhang, Ming-Wei Huang, Lei Zheng, Xiao-Ming Lv, Bao-Min Zheng, Kathleen H. Reilly, Xiao-Yan Yan, Ping Ji, Yang-feng Wu and Jian-Guo Zhang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:193
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  6. The radiation field for patients with postoperative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is narrower in our institution than in Western countries to reduce late radiation related toxicities. This strategy is ...

    Authors: Naoya Murakami, Fumihiko Matsumoto, Seiichi Yoshimoto, Yoshinori Ito, Taisuke Mori, Takao Ueno, Keisuke Tuchida, Tairo Kashihara, Kazuma Kobayashi, Ken Harada, Mayuka Kitaguchi, Shuhei Sekii, Rei Umezawa, Kana Takahashi, Koji Inaba, Hiroshi Igaki…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:192
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. It is overexpressed in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), which is aggressive and usually triple-negative,...

    Authors: Eugene Kim, Hanna Maja Tunset, Jana Cebulla, Riyas Vettukattil, Heidi Helgesen, Astrid Jullumstrø Feuerherm, Olav Engebråten, Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo, Berit Johansen and Siver Andreas Moestue
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex is well known for its crucial role in initiating DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) repair pathways to resistant irradiation (IR) injury and thus facilitating radioresistance wh...

    Authors: Lihong Chang, Jiancong Huang, Kai Wang, Jingjia Li, Ruicheng Yan, Ling Zhu, Jin Ye, Xifu Wu, Shimin Zhuang, Daqing Li and Gehua Zhang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Alcohol consumption is one of the major risk factors for colorectal cancer. However, the mechanism involved in this effect of alcohol is unknown.

    Authors: Pradeep K. Shukla, Kamaljit K. Chaudhry, Hina Mir, Ruchika Gangwar, Nikki Yadav, Bhargavi Manda, Avtar S. Meena and RadhaKrishna Rao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:189
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. While the deregulation of iron homeostasis in breast epithelial cells is acknowledged, iron-related alterations in stromal inflammatory cells from the tumor microenvironment have not been explored.

    Authors: Oriana Marques, Graça Porto, Alexandra Rêma, Fátima Faria, Arnaud Cruz Paula, Maria Gomez-Lazaro, Paula Silva, Berta Martins da Silva and Carlos Lopes
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:187
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to drug therapies remains a challenge for malignant melanoma patients. Intratumoral heterogeneities within the tumor microenvironment contribute additional complexity to the d...

    Authors: Anna Afasizheva, Alexus Devine, Heather Tillman, King Leung Fung, Wilfred D. Vieira, Benjamin H. Blehm, Yorihisa Kotobuki, Ben Busby, Emily I. Chen and Kandice Tanner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:186
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. There is no reliable biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients who undergo radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Recent studies have shown that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could function...

    Authors: Takashi Kawahara, Kazuhiro Furuya, Manami Nakamura, Kentaro Sakamaki, Kimito Osaka, Hiroki Ito, Yusuke Ito, Koji Izumi, Shinji Ohtake, Yasuhide Miyoshi, Kazuhide Makiyama, Noboru Nakaigawa, Takeharu Yamanaka, Hiroshi Miyamoto, Masahiro Yao and Hiroji Uemura
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:185
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most prevalent histological types among lung cancers. Distinguishing between these subtypes is critically important because they have different im...

    Authors: Arturo López Pineda, Henry Ato Ogoe, Jeya Balaji Balasubramanian, Claudia Rangel Escareño, Shyam Visweswaran, James Gordon Herman and Vanathi Gopalakrishnan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:184
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is emerging as a non-invasive method for precision irradiation of lung tumours. However, the ideal dose/fractionation schedule is not yet known. The primary purpo...

    Authors: Shankar Siva, Tomas Kron, Mathias Bressel, Marion Haas, Tao Mai, Shalini Vinod, Giuseppe Sasso, Wenchang Wong, Hien Le, Thomas Eade, Nicholas Hardcastle, Brent Chesson, Daniel Pham, Morten Høyer, Rebecca Montgomery and David Ball
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:183
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  17. Authors: Boyoung Park, Sohee Park, Hai-Rim Shin, Aesun Shin, Yohwan Yeo, Ji-Yeob Choi, Kyu-Won Jung, Byoung-Gie Kim, Yong-Man Kim, Dong-Young Noh, Sei-Hyun Ahn, Jae Weon Kim, Sokbom Kang, Jae Hoon Kim, Tae Jin Kim, Daehee Kang…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:181
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Cancer 2016 16:5

  18. Whether androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) leads to stroke morbidity is still unclear because of inconsistent evidence. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate if ADT used in men with pr...

    Authors: Fanzheng Meng, Shimiao Zhu, Jinsheng Zhao, Larissa Vados, Lei Wang, Yusheng Zhao, Dan Zhao and Yuanjie Niu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The study is to evaluate the patterns of failure, toxicities and long-term outcomes of aggressive treatment using 18F-FDG PET/CT-guided chemoradiation plannings for advanced cervical cancer with extensive nodal e...

    Authors: Yih-Lin Chung, Cheng-Fang Horng, Pei-Ing Lee and Fong-Lin Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:179
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Human papilloma virus-16 (HPV-16) infection is a major risk factor for a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), in particular oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Current techniques...

    Authors: Ryan C. Chai, Yenkai Lim, Ian H. Frazer, Yunxia Wan, Christopher Perry, Lee Jones, Duncan Lambie and Chamindie Punyadeera
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Anti-fibrotic drugs such as pirfenidone have been developed for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Because activated fibroblasts in inflammatory conditions have similar characteristics as cancer-a...

    Authors: Melanie Mediavilla-Varela, Kingsley Boateng, David Noyes and Scott J. Antonia
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor RAGE emerge as important pathogenic contributors in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, their relationship to the detoxification enzyme Glyoxalase (GLO...

    Authors: Stratigoula Sakellariou, Paraskevi Fragkou, Georgia Levidou, Antonios N. Gargalionis, Christina Piperi, Georgia Dalagiorgou, Christos Adamopoulos, Angelica Saetta, George Agrogiannis, Irini Theohari, Stavros Sougioultzis, Panagiota Tsioli, Ioannis Karavokyros, Nikolaos Tsavaris, Ioannis D. Kostakis, Adamantia Zizi-Serbetzoglou…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Breast cancer comprises clinically and molecularly distinct tumor subgroups that differ in cell histology and biology and show divergent clinical phenotypes that impede phase III trials, such as those utilizin...

    Authors: Sheila Siqueira Andrade, Iuri Estrada Gouvea, Mariana Cristina C. Silva, Eloísa Dognani Castro, Cláudia A. A. de Paula, Debora Okamoto, Lilian Oliveira, Giovani Bravin Peres, Tatiana Ottaiano, Gil Facina, Afonso Celso Pinto Nazário, Antonio Hugo J. F. M. Campos, Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero, Maria Juliano, Ismael D. C. G. da Silva, Maria Luiza V. Oliva…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:173
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Novel therapies are needed for children with high-risk and relapsed neuroblastoma. We hypothesized that MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibition with the novel MEK1/2 inhibitor binimetinib would be effective in neurob...

    Authors: Sarah E. Woodfield, Linna Zhang, Kathleen A. Scorsone, Yin Liu and Peter E. Zage
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been reported to promote tumorigenesis and progression in several human malignancies. The purpose of this study was to explore the function of BDNF in lung squamous...

    Authors: Si-yang Zhang, Lin-ping Hui, Chun-yan Li, Jian Gao, Ze-shi Cui and Xue-shan Qiu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:171
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Although adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers are characterized by biological features and clinical outcomes distinct from those of other age groups, the molecular profile of AYA cancers has not been well ...

    Authors: Soojin Cha, Jeongeun Lee, Jong-Yeon Shin, Ji-Yeon Kim, Sung Hoon Sim, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae Min Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Se-Hoon Lee and Jong-Il Kim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The impacts of weight loss on prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unclear. The present study was therefore undertaken to investigate the association between critical weight loss and long-term su...

    Authors: Qi Zeng, Lu-Jun Shen, Xiang Guo, Xin-Ming Guo, Chao-Nan Qian and Pei-Hong Wu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. High circulating tumor cell (CTC) counts are associated with poor prognosis in advanced prostate cancer, and recently CTC number was suggested to be a surrogate for survival in metastatic castrate-resistant pr...

    Authors: C. R. Lindsay, S. Le Moulec, F. Billiot, Y. Loriot, M. Ngo-Camus, P. Vielh, K. Fizazi, C. Massard and F. Farace
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The Philadelphia chromosome−negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) myelofibrosis (MF), polycythemia vera (PV), and essential thrombocythemia (ET) negatively affect patient quality of life (QoL) and are as...

    Authors: Ruben Mesa, Carole B. Miller, Maureen Thyne, James Mangan, Sara Goldberger, Salman Fazal, Xiaomei Ma, Wendy Wilson, Dilan C. Paranagama, David G. Dubinski, John Boyle and John O. Mascarenhas
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. APF530 provides controlled, sustained-release granisetron for preventing acute (0–24 h) and delayed (24–120 h) chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). In a phase III trial, APF530 was noninferior to p...

    Authors: Ralph Boccia, Erin O’Boyle and William Cooper
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women and a major public health problem in Morocco. Several Moroccan studies have focused on studying this disease, but more are needed, especially at the gen...

    Authors: Chaymaa Marouf, Stella Göhler, Miguel Inacio Da Silva Filho, Omar Hajji, Kari Hemminki, Sellama Nadifi and Asta Försti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in women pre-sexual debut has been demonstrated in many countries. This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a 3-dose bivalent HPV ...

    Authors: Yi-Jun Liu, Qian Zhang, Shang-Ying Hu and Fang-Hui Zhao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. It is generally believed that patients with Hürthle cell thyroid carcinoma (HCTC) have a poor prognosis. Furthermore, distant metastases represent the most frequent cause of thyroid cancer-related death of pat...

    Authors: Nikola Besic, Andreja Schwarzbartl-Pevec, Barbara Vidergar-Kralj, Tea Crnic, Barbara Gazic and Maja Marolt Music
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:162
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The current standard practice of lung lesion diagnosis often leads to inconclusive results, requiring additional diagnostic follow up procedures that are invasive and often unnecessary due to the high benign r...

    Authors: Zhanzhi Hu, Duncan Whitney, Jessica R. Anderson, Manqiu Cao, Christine Ho, Yoonha Choi, Jing Huang, Robert Frink, Kate Porta Smith, Robert Monroe, Giulia C. Kennedy and P. Sean Walsh
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:161
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) possess cell dedifferentiation characteristics, carry out activities connate to those of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and are associated with increased metastasis, as well as,...

    Authors: Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu, Wen-Chien Huang, Wei-Hwa Lee, Alexander Wu, Liang Shun Wang, Michael Hsiao, Chi-Tai Yeh and Tsu-Yi Chao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:160
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Hematological malignancies (HM) are a public health problem. The pattern and distribution of diagnosed hematological cancers vary depending on age, sex, geography, and ethnicity suggesting the involvement of g...

    Authors: Mounia Elidrissi Errahhali, Manal Elidrissi Errahhali, Redouane Boulouiz, Meryem Ouarzane and Mohammed Bellaoui
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:159
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) is an uncommon primary liver malignancy and little known about the clinical and imaging characteristics of cHCC-CC. We aim to define the demographics, imagi...

    Authors: Rui Li, Dan Yang, Chun-Lin Tang, Ping Cai, Kuan-sheng Ma, Shi-Yi Ding, Xiao-Hang Zhang, De-Yu Guo and Xiao-Chu Yan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Studies reporting the association between change in weight or body mass index during midlife and risk of colorectal cancer have found inconsistent results, and only one study to date has reported the associati...

    Authors: Amalia Karahalios, Julie A. Simpson, Laura Baglietto, Robert J. MacInnis, Allison M. Hodge, Graham G. Giles and Dallas R. English
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:157
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  42. Thymic carcinoma is a rare cancer with minimal evidence of a survival benefit following chemotherapy. An oral fluoropyrimidine of S-1, however, is the recommended active cytotoxic chemotherapy agent for refrac...

    Authors: Yusuke Okuma, Yukio Hosomi, Shingo Miyamoto, Masahiko Shibuya, Tatsuru Okamura and Tsunekazu Hishima
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2016 16:272

  43. Nuclear factor E2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) is an oxidative stress inducible transcription factor being essential in regulating cell homeostasis. Thus, acute induction of Nrf2 in epithelial cells exposed to infl...

    Authors: Geeske Genrich, Marcus Kruppa, Lennart Lenk, Ole Helm, Anna Broich, Sandra Freitag-Wolf, Christoph Röcken, Bence Sipos, Heiner Schäfer and Susanne Sebens
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:155
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The endothelial adhesion molecule, vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1, AOC3) promotes lymphocyte recruitment to tumours, although the contribution that VAP-1 makes to lymphocyte recruitment in human colorectal ca...

    Authors: Stephen T. Ward, Christopher J. Weston, Emma L. Shepherd, Rahul Hejmadi, Tariq Ismail and David H. Adams
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:154
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Combined treatment with cisplatin and gemcitabine (CisGem) is the standard of care for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (ABC). Selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) potently and selectively inhibits ME...

    Authors: John Bridgewater, Andre Lopes, Sandra Beare, Marian Duggan, Dymphna Lee, Maravic Ricamara, Delyth McEntee, Ajithkumar Sukumaran, Harpreet Wasan and Juan W. Valle
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2016 16:369

  46. For a long time cancer cells are known for increased uptake of glucose and its metabolization through glycolysis. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a key regulatory enzyme of this pathway and...

    Authors: Mahua R. Das, Arup K. Bag, Shekhar Saha, Alok Ghosh, Sumit K. Dey, Provas Das, Chitra Mandal, Subhankar Ray, Saikat Chakrabarti, Manju Ray and Siddhartha S. Jana
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:152
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Current treatments include surgery, androgen ablation and radiation. Introduction of more targeted therapies in prostate cancer,...

    Authors: Gerard Hoyne, Caroline Rudnicka, Qing-Xiang Sang, Mark Roycik, Sarah Howarth, Peter Leedman, Markus Schlaich, Patrick Candy and Vance Matthews
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:151
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. According to the literature and our experience, the most common sites of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastases include the brain, bone, liver, adrenal glands, contralateral lung and distant lymph nodes...

    Authors: Fei-Yu Niu, Qing Zhou, Jin-Ji Yang, Wen-Zhao Zhong, Zhi-Hong Chen, Wei Deng, Yan-Yan He, Hua-Jun Chen, Zhu Zeng, E-E Ke, Ning Zhao, Na Zhang, Hui-Wen Sun, Qiu-Yi Zhang, Zhi Xie, Xu-Chao Zhang…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:149
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) glycoprotein B (gB) is not only expressed on the envelope of mature virions but also on the surfaces of cells undergoing lytic replication. Among herpesviruses, K...

    Authors: Hosni A. M. Hussein, Lia R. Walker and Shaw M. Akula
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:148
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Cellular stressors and apoptosis-inducing agents have been shown to induce ribosomal RNA (rRNA) degradation in eukaryotic cells. Recently, RNA degradation in vivo was observed in patients with locally advanced...

    Authors: Rashmi Narendrula, Kyle Mispel-Beyer, Baoqing Guo, Amadeo M. Parissenti, Laura B. Pritzker, Ken Pritzker, Twinkle Masilamani, Xiaohui Wang and Carita Lannér
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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