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  2. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs when blood clots in the leg, pelvic or other deep vein (deep vein thrombosis) with or without transport of the thrombus into the pulmonary arterial circulation (pulmonary em...

    Authors: Gareth O Griffiths, Sarah Burns, Simon I Noble, Fergus R Macbeth, David Cohen and Timothy S Maughan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:355
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  3. Biomarkers that predict clinical response, tumor recurrence or patient survival are severely lacking for most cancers, particularly for oral and pharyngeal cancer. This study examines whether gene-promoter met...

    Authors: Emanuela Taioli, Camille Ragin, Xiao-hong Wang, Jiangying Chen, Scott M Langevin, Ashley R Brown, Susanne M Gollin, Seymour Garte and Robert W Sobol
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:354
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Deregulated miRNAs are found in cancer cells and recently in blood cells of cancer patients. Due to their inherent stability miRNAs may offer themselves for blood based tumor diagnosis. Here we addressed the q...

    Authors: Andreas Keller, Petra Leidinger, Anne Borries, Anke Wendschlag, Frank Wucherpfennig, Matthias Scheffler, Hanno Huwer, Hans-Peter Lenhof and Eckart Meese
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:353
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Several genetic alterations have been demonstrated to contribute to the development and progression of melanoma. In this study, we further investigated the impact of key-regulator genes in susceptibility and p...

    Authors: Milena Casula, Antonio Muggiano, Antonio Cossu, Mario Budroni, Corrado Caracò, Paolo A Ascierto, Elena Pagani, Ignazio Stanganelli, Sergio Canzanella, MariaCristina Sini, Grazia Palomba and Giuseppe Palmieri
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:352
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Nanocarrier-based antibody targeting is a promising modality in therapeutic and diagnostic oncology. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) exhibit two unique optical properties that can be exploited for these...

    Authors: Yan Xiao, Xiugong Gao, Oleh Taratula, Stephen Treado, Aaron Urbas, R David Holbrook, Richard E Cavicchi, C Thomas Avedisian, Somenath Mitra, Ronak Savla, Paul D Wagner, Sudhir Srivastava and Huixin He
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:351
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Imaging tools such as scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) can be used to produce high-resolution topographic images of biomedical specimens and hence are well suited for imagin...

    Authors: Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar, Sandeep Singh, Hitesh Mamgain, Archana Jalota-Badhwar, Kishore M Paknikar and Samit Chattopadhyay
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:350
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Despite strong evidence of an inverse association of physical activity with postmenopausal breast cancer risk, whether a certain intensity or time of life of physical activity is most effective for lowering br...

    Authors: Tricia M Peters, Steven C Moore, Gretchen L Gierach, Nicholas J Wareham, Ulf Ekelund, Albert R Hollenbeck, Arthur Schatzkin and Michael F Leitzmann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:349
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Europe and the western world. At present, diagnosis of lung cancer very often happens late in the course of the disease since inexpensive, non-invasive and ...

    Authors: Amel Bajtarevic, Clemens Ager, Martin Pienz, Martin Klieber, Konrad Schwarz, Magdalena Ligor, Tomasz Ligor, Wojciech Filipiak, Hubert Denz, Michael Fiegl, Wolfgang Hilbe, Wolfgang Weiss, Peter Lukas, Herbert Jamnig, Martin Hackl, Alfred Haidenberger…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:348
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab associated with an irinotecan or oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy was proved to be superior to the chemotherapy alone in first or second line treatment of metastatic colorectal...

    Authors: Astrid Lièvre, Emmanuelle Samalin, Emmanuel Mitry, Eric Assenat, Christine Boyer-Gestin, Céline Lepère, Jean-Baptiste Bachet, Fabienne Portales, Jean-Nicolas Vaillant, Marc Ychou and Philippe Rougier
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:347
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of oncologic death worldwide. One of the most noteworthy characteristics of this tumor's epidemiology is the marked decline reported in its incidence and mortality in...

    Authors: Esther García-Esquinas, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Marina Pollán, Elena Boldo, Pablo Fernández-Navarro, Virginia Lope, Enrique Vidal, Gonzalo López-Abente and Nuria Aragonés
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:346
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. There is currently no standard adjuvant therapy for patients with curatively resected extrahepatic biliary tract cancer (EHBTC). The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical features and outcomes between ...

    Authors: Kyu-Hyoung Lim, Do-Youn Oh, Eui Kyu Chie, Jin-Young Jang, Seock-Ah Im, Tae-You Kim, Sun-Whe Kim, Sung Whan Ha and Yung-Jue Bang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:345
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. MMR is responsible for the repair of base-base mismatches and insertion/deletion loops. Besides this, MMR is also associated with an anti-recombination function, suppressing homologous recombination. Losses of...

    Authors: João Conde, Susana N Silva, Ana P Azevedo, Valdemar Teixeira, Julieta Esperança Pina, José Rueff and Jorge F Gaspar
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:344
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Gambogic acid (GA) is a major active ingredient of gamboge, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that has been reported to be a potent cytotoxic agent against some malignant tumors. Many studies have sho...

    Authors: Di He, Qin Xu, Ming Yan, Ping Zhang, Xiaojian Zhou, Zhiyuan Zhang, Wenhu Duan, Laiping Zhong, Dongxia Ye and Wantao Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:343
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. It has been reported that triple negative phenotype is characterized by aggressive clinical history in Western breast cancer patients, however its pattern of metastatic spread had never been reported in the Ch...

    Authors: Yanping Lin, Wenjin Yin, Tingting Yan, Liheng Zhou, Genhong Di, Jiong Wu, Zhenzhou Shen, Zhimin Shao and Jinsong Lu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:342
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. In contrast to most other forms of cancer, data from some developing and developed countries show surprisingly similar survival rates for ovarian cancer. We aimed to compare ovarian cancer survival in Philippi...

    Authors: Maria Theresa M Redaniel, Adriano Laudico, Maria Rica Mirasol-Lumague, Adam Gondos, Gemma Leonora Uy, Jean Ann Toral, Doris Benavides and Hermann Brenner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:340
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Thymidylate synthase (TS) and Topoisomerase I (Topo I) are significant biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to study the expression of TS and Topo I in patients with resected CRC who received adjuva...

    Authors: Ioannis Kostopoulos, Vasilios Karavasilis, Maria Karina, Mattheos Bobos, Nikolaos Xiros, George Pentheroudakis, Georgia Kafiri, Pavlos Papakostas, Eleni Vrettou and George Fountzilas
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:339
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Targeting angiogenesis is nowadays one of the most promising approaches for breast cancer. Bevacizumab (BEV), a VEGF-trap monoclonal antibody, was recently approved in combination with paclitaxel (PAC) for the...

    Authors: Alexandros Ardavanis, Dimitrios Doufexis, Panteleimon Kountourakis, Savvoula Malliou, Athanasios Karagiannis, Evgenia Kardara, Despina Sykoutri, Margari Charalampia and Gerasimos Rigatos
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:338
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. HAb18G/CD147 plays pivotal roles in invasion by hepatoma cells, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study demonstrated that overexpression of HAb18G/CD147 promotes invasion by interactin...

    Authors: Jing-yao Dai, Ke-feng Dou, Cong-hua Wang, Pu Zhao, Wayne Bond Lau, Ling Tao, Ya-mei Wu, Juan Tang, Jian-li Jiang and Zhi-nan Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:337
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The majority of women with ovarian cancer are diagnosed in late stages, and the mortality rate is high. The use of biomarkers as prognostic factors may improve the treatment and clinical outcome of these patie...

    Authors: Karolina Partheen, Kristina Levan, Lovisa Österberg, Ingela Claesson, Karin Sundfeldt and György Horvath
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:336
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Mammographic screening alone will miss a certain fraction of malignancies, as evidenced by retrospective reviews of mammograms following a subsequent screening. Mammographic breast density is a marker for incr...

    Authors: Monika Nothacker, Volker Duda, Markus Hahn, Mathias Warm, Friedrich Degenhardt, Helmut Madjar, Susanne Weinbrenner and Ute-Susann Albert
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:335
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Phytoestogens are a group of lipophillic plant compounds that can have estrogenic effects in animals; both tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic effects have been reported. Prolactin-secreting adenomas are the most...

    Authors: Yow-Jiun Jeng and Cheryl S Watson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:334
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. In Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), an overactive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is a component of the malignant phenotype. Two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of EGFR, gefinitib and erlo...

    Authors: Ivette F Emery, Chiara Battelli, Paul L Auclair, Kathleen Carrier and Daniel M Hayes
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:333
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. A number of studies, notably EPIC, have shown a descrease in colorectal cancer risk associated with increased fibre consumption. Whilst the underlying mechanisms are likely to be multifactorial, production of ...

    Authors: Bernard M Corfe, Elizabeth A Williams, Jonathan P Bury, Stuart A Riley, Lisa J Croucher, Daphne YL Lai and Caroline A Evans
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:332
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  26. The novel breast cancer metastasis modulator gene signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 (Sipa1) underlies the breast cancer metastasis efficiency modifier locus Mtes 1 and has been shown to influence mammary ...

    Authors: Szu-Min Hsieh, Robert A Smith, Nicholas A Lintell, Kent W Hunter and Lyn R Griffiths
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:331
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy; risk factors include exposure to oestrogens and high body mass index. Expression of enzymes involved in biosynthesis of oestrogens and prostagla...

    Authors: Frances Collins, Sheila MacPherson, Pamela Brown, Vincent Bombail, Alistair RW Williams, Richard A Anderson, Henry N Jabbour and Philippa TK Saunders
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:330
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) region of India. A substantial proportion of esophageal carcinoma is associated with infection o...

    Authors: Showket Hussain, Alok C Bharti, Irfana Salam, Mohammad Akbar Bhat, Mohammad Muzaffar Mir, Suresh Hedau, Mushtaq A Siddiqi, Seemi Farhat Basir and Bhudev C Das
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:329
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Spontaneous Regression/Complete Resistant (SR/CR) mice are resistant to cancer through a mechanism that is mediated entirely by leukocytes of innate immunity. Transfer of leukocytes from SR/CR mice can confer ...

    Authors: John R Stehle Jr, Michael J Blanks, Gregory Riedlinger, Jung W Kim-Shapiro, Anne M Sanders, Jonathan M Adams, Mark C Willingham and Zheng Cui
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:328
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Elevated serum concentrations of M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) correlate with poor prognosis in patients with pancreaticobiliary and duodenal cancer, but the expression of M2-PK in formalin-fixed pancreatic tissu...

    Authors: Mark M Aloysius, Abed M Zaitoun, Timothy E Bates, Abdulkader Albasri, Mohammad Ilyas, Brian J Rowlands and Dileep N Lobo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:327
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. At present, it is complicated to use screening trials to determine the optimal age intervals and periodicities of breast cancer early detection. Mathematical models are an alternative that has been widely used...

    Authors: Montserrat Rue, Ester Vilaprinyo, Sandra Lee, Montserrat Martinez-Alonso, Misericordia Carles, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Roger Pla and Josep-Alfons Espinas
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:326
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Cancer progression is linked to a partially dedifferentiated epithelial cell phenotype. The signaling pathways Wnt, Hedgehog, TGF-β and Notch have been implicated in experimental and developmental epithelial m...

    Authors: Chandra P Prasad, Gayatri Rath, Sandeep Mathur, Dinesh Bhatnagar, Rajinder Parshad and Ranju Ralhan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:325
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. CD133 was detected in several types of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which raised the possibility of stem cell origin in a subset of cancers. However, reappearance of embryonic markers in d...

    Authors: Chau-Ting Yeh, Chia-Jung Kuo, Ming-Wei Lai, Tse-Ching Chen, Chun-Yen Lin, Ta-Sen Yeh and Wei-Chen Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:324
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Most deaths from ovarian cancer are due to metastases that are resistant to conventional therapies. But the factors that regulate the metastatic process and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer are poorly underst...

    Authors: Fang-qiu Li, Yan-ling Han, Qun Liu, Bo Wu, Wen-bin Huang and Su-yun Zeng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:323
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. We have previously demonstrated that high tumor tissue levels of TIMP-1 are associated with no or limited clinical benefit from chemotherapy with CMF and anthracyclines in metastatic breast cancer patients. He...

    Authors: Anne-Sofie Schrohl, Maxime P Look, Marion E Meijer-van Gelder, John A Foekens and Nils Brünner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:322
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. ASCL1 role in pancreatic endocrine tumourigenesis has not been established. Recently it was suggested that ASCL1 negatively controls expression of the Wnt signalling antagonist DKK1. Notch signalling regulates e...

    Authors: Térèse A Johansson, Gunnar Westin and Britt Skogseid
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:321
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Activins are growth factors acting on cell growth and differentiation. Activins are expressed in high grade breast tumors and they display an antiproliferative effect inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in breast...

    Authors: Enrrico Bloise, Henrique L Couto, Lauretta Massai, Pasquapina Ciarmela, Marzia Mencarelli, Lavinia E Borges, Michela Muscettola, Giovanni Grasso, Vania F Amaral, Geovanni D Cassali, Felice Petraglia and Fernando M Reis
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:320
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Cancer-related pain is common and under-treated. This article describes a study designed to test the effectiveness of a theory-driven, patient-centered coaching intervention to improve cancer pain processes an...

    Authors: Richard L Kravitz, Daniel J Tancredi, Richard L Street Jr, Donna Kalauokalani, Tim Grennan, Ted Wun, Christina Slee, Dionne Evans Dean, Linda Lewis, Naomi Saito and Peter Franks
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:319
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  39. Gene identification by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay inhibition (GINI) has proven its usefulness in identifying mutant genes in cancer cell lines. An increase in transcription in response to NMD inhibition of a...

    Authors: Dimiter Kunnev, Igor Ivanov and Yurij Ionov
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:318
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The prostate stroma is a key mediator of epithelial differentiation and development, and potentially plays a role in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. The tumor-associated stroma is marked by ...

    Authors: Laura E Pascal, Young Ah Goo, Ricardo ZN Vêncio, Laura S Page, Amber A Chambers, Emily S Liebeskind, Thomas K Takayama, Lawrence D True and Alvin Y Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:317
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Gastric cancer is decreasing in most countries. While socioeconomic development is the main factor to which this decline has been attributed, enormous differences among countries and within regions are still o...

    Authors: Nuria Aragonés, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Marina Pollán, Rebeca Ramis, Enrique Vidal, Virginia Lope, Javier García-Pérez, Elena Boldo and Gonzalo López-Abente
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:316
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Human Cripto-1, a member of the EGF-CFC family, is indispensable for early embryonic development. Cripto-1 plays an important oncogenic role during tumorigenesis and is overexpressed in a wide range of epithel...

    Authors: Zhengrong Wu, Gang Li, Lirong Wu, Desheng Weng, Xiangping Li and Kaitai Yao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:315
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is an important signaling pathway in the growth and survival of many cell and tissue types. This pathway has also been implicated in many aspects of cancer progression...

    Authors: William N Pappano, Paul M Jung, Jonathan A Meulbroek, Yi-Chun Wang, Robert D Hubbard, Qian Zhang, Meagan M Grudzien, Niru B Soni, Eric F Johnson, George S Sheppard, Cherrie Donawho, Fritz G Buchanan, Steven K Davidsen, Randy L Bell and Jieyi Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:314
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the survival, efficacy and safety of a modified RADPLAT-like protocol using carboplatin instead of cisplatin.

    Authors: Giulia Bertino, Antonio Occhini, Carlo Emilio Falco, Camillo Porta, Franco Corbella, Sara Colombo, Vittoria Balcet, Patrizia Morbini, Federico Zappoli, Andrea Azzaretti, Giuseppe Rodolico, Carmine Tinelli and Marco Benazzo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:313
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. TCF7L2 is a transcription factor involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling which has a variant known to be associated with risk of Type 2 diabetes and, in some studies, with risk of certain cancers, including famili...

    Authors: Ellen L Goode, Csilla Szabo, Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson, Robert A Vierkant, Zachary S Fredericksen, Francis S Collins, Kristin L White, Michele Schmidt, Brooke L Fridley and Fergus J Couch
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:312
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Several studies have shown that darbepoetin alfa, an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), can reduce transfusions and increase hemoglobin (Hb) levels in patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA). Rece...

    Authors: Johan Vansteenkiste, Michael Hedenus, Pere Gascon, Carsten Bokemeyer, Heinz Ludwig, Jan Vermorken, Lisa Hamilton, Ken Bridges and Beatriz Pujol
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:311
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Cancer of the esophagus is a deadly malignancy, and development of biomarkers that predict survival is an urgent need. The apoptotic pathways have been hypothesized as important in progression of esophageal sq...

    Authors: Mikiko Takikita, Nan Hu, Jian-zhong Shou, Quan-Hong Wang, Carol Giffen, Philip R Taylor and Stephen M Hewitt
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:310
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. During the last decade, investigations have focused on revealing genes or proteins that are involved in HCC carcinogenesis using either genetic or proteomic techniques. However, these studies are overshadowed ...

    Authors: Stella Sun, Xin Yi, Ronnie TP Poon, Chun Yeung, Philip JR Day and John M Luk
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:309
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Although Temozolomide is effective against glioblastoma, the prognosis remains dismal and new regimens with synergistic activity are sought for.

    Authors: Christoph P Beier, Christina Schmid, Thierry Gorlia, Christine Kleinletzenberger, Dagmar Beier, Oliver Grauer, Andreas Steinbrecher, Birgit Hirschmann, Alexander Brawanski, Christopher Dietmaier, Tanja Jauch-Worley, Oliver Kölbl, Torsten Pietsch, Martin Proescholdt, Petra Rümmele, Armin Muigg…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:308
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. To examine the outcomes and risk factors in pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients who were defined as TNM stage I because some patients develop disease recurrence but treatment strategy for...

    Authors: Nobuyuki Wada, Kiminori Sugino, Takashi Mimura, Mitsuji Nagahama, Wataru Kitagawa, Hiroshi Shibuya, Keiko Ohkuwa, Hirotaka Nakayama, Shohei Hirakawa, Yasushi Rino, Munetaka Masuda and Koichi Ito
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:306
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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