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  1. Breast cancer in women is increasingly frequent, and care is complex, onerous and expensive, all of which lend urgency to improvements in care. Quality measurement is essential to monitor effectiveness and to ...

    Authors: Howard M Schachter, Vasil Mamaladze, Gabriela Lewin, Ian D Graham, Melissa Brouwers, Margaret Sampson, Andra Morrison, Li Zhang, Peter O'Blenis and Chantelle Garritty
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:291
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Prognosis of esophageal cancer is poor despite curative surgery. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been proposed to distinctly contribute to tumor growth, dissemination and local immune escape in a limited numb...

    Authors: Ines Gockel, Carl C Schimanski, Christian Heinrich, T Wehler, K Frerichs, Daniel Drescher, Christian von Langsdorff, Mario Domeyer, Stefan Biesterfeld, Peter R Galle, Theodor Junginger and Markus Moehler
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:290
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Basic research of gefitinib (Iressa, ZD1839) has demonstrated the combination effects of gefitinib and chemotherapy were sequence-dependent. To evaluate the efficacy of sequential administration of gefitinib f...

    Authors: Jian Ming Xu, Yu Han, Yue Min Li, Chuan Hua Zhao, Yan Wang and Angelo Paradiso
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:288
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Continuous exposure to various environmental carcinogens and genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XME) are associated with many types of human cancers, including esophageal squamous cell c...

    Authors: Zemin Wang, Lili Tang, Guiju Sun, Yuntian Tang, Yin Xie, Shaokang Wang, Xu Hu, Weimin Gao, Stephen B Cox and Jia-Sheng Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:287
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Chronic injury deregulates cellular homeostasis and induces a number of alterations leading to disruption of cellular processes such as cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis, driving to carcinogenesis. The stre...

    Authors: Cynthia C Castronuovo, Paula A Sacca, Roberto Meiss, Fabiana A Caballero, Alcira Batlle and Elba S Vazquez
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:286
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Anti-angiogenic treatment is believed to have at least cystostatic effects in highly vascularized tumours like pancreatic cancer. In this study, the treatment effects of the angiogenesis inhibitor Cilengitide ...

    Authors: Helmut Friess, Jan M Langrehr, Helmut Oettle, Jochen Raedle, Marco Niedergethmann, Christian Dittrich, Dieter K Hossfeld, Herbert Stöger, Bart Neyns, Peter Herzog, Pascal Piedbois, Frank Dobrowolski, Werner Scheithauer, Robert Hawkins, Frieder Katz, Peter Balcke…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:285
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The aim of this paper is to analyze changes in thyroid cancer incidence trends in Lithuania during the period 1978–2003 using joinpoint regression models, with special attention to the period 1993–2003.

    Authors: Giedre Smailyte, Edita Miseikyte-Kaubriene and Juozas Kurtinaitis
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:284
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) are consistently associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Their malignant epithelial cells contain the viral genome and express several antigenic viral proteins. However, t...

    Authors: Cécile Keryer-Bibens, Catherine Pioche-Durieu, Cécile Villemant, Sylvie Souquère, Nozomu Nishi, Mitsuomi Hirashima, Jaap Middeldorp and Pierre Busson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:283
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Recently it has been reported that, toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed on a series of tumor cells, such as colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma and lung cancer. Although some cancer cel...

    Authors: Ferdaus Hassan, Shamima Islam, Gantsetseg Tumurkhuu, Yoshikazu Naiki, Naoki Koide, Isamu Mori, Tomoaki Yoshida and Takashi Yokochi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:281
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. A functional vascular network is essential for the survival, growth and spread of solid tumours, making blood vessels a key target for therapeutic strategies. Combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA-4-P) is a tubulin...

    Authors: Gabi U Dachs, Andrew J Steele, Claudia Coralli, Chryso Kanthou, Andrew C Brooks, Sarah P Gunningham, Margaret J Currie, Ally I Watson, Bridget A Robinson and Gillian M Tozer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:280
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. The advantage of hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy for advanced head and neck cancer has been reported. Furthermore, randomized trials and meta-analyses have confirmed the survival benefit of add...

    Authors: Peter Stadler, Kurt Putnik, Thore Kreimeyer, Lisa D Sprague, Oliver Koelbl and Christof Schäfer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:279
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Several studies showed that gain-of-function somatic mutations affecting the catalytic domain of EGFR in non-small cell lung carcinomas were associated with response to gefitinib and erlotinib, both EGFR-tyrosine...

    Authors: Tanios Bekaii-Saab, Nita Williams, Christoph Plass, Miguel Villalona Calero and Charis Eng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:278
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Phase III trials evaluating the efficacy of gefitinib (IRESSA) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lend support to the need for improved patient selection in terms of gefitinib use. Mutation of the epidermal...

    Authors: Rintaro Noro, Akihiko Gemma, Seiji Kosaihira, Yutaka Kokubo, Mingwei Chen, Masahiro Seike, Kiyoko Kataoka, Kuniko Matsuda, Tetsuya Okano, Yuji Minegishi, Akinobu Yoshimura and Shoji Kudoh
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:277
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Breast cancer subtypes identified in genomic studies have different underlying genetic defects. Mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 occur more frequently in estrogen receptor (ER) negative, basal-like and HE...

    Authors: Melissa A Troester, Jason I Herschkowitz, Daniel S Oh, Xiaping He, Katherine A Hoadley, Claire S Barbier and Charles M Perou
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:276
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Human breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, histopathologically, molecularly and phenotypically. The molecular basis of this heterogeneity is not well understood. We have used a mouse model of DCIS that co...

    Authors: Ruria Namba, Jeannie E Maglione, Ryan R Davis, Colin A Baron, Stephenie Liu, Condie E Carmack, Lawrence JT Young, Alexander D Borowsky, Robert D Cardiff and Jeffrey P Gregg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:275
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Health related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important outcome after treatment for upper gastrointestinal carcinoma. This study aimed to compare HRQOL in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) receiving ei...

    Authors: Sanambar Sadighi, Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi, Ali Montazeri and Zahra Sadighi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:274
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Currently 1 in 11 women over the age of 60 in Australia are diagnosed with breast cancer. Following treatment, most breast cancer patients are left with shoulder and arm impairments which can impact significan...

    Authors: Sharon L Kilbreath, Kathryn M Refshauge, Jane M Beith, Leigh C Ward, Judy M Simpson and Ross D Hansen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:273
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  19. Androgen-independent prostate adenocarcinomas are responsible for about 6% of overall cancer deaths in men.

    Authors: Elizabeth Devilard, Franck Bladou, Olivier Ramuz, Gilles Karsenty, Jean-Philippe Dalès, Gwenaëlle Gravis, Catherine Nguyen, François Bertucci, Luc Xerri and Daniel Birnbaum
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:272
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women in Nigeria and globally. In Nigeria, late presentations of breast cancer cases have also been consistent for three decades. In an environment where there is no...

    Authors: O Abimbola Oluwatosin and Oladimeji Oladepo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:271
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been shown to play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC). More recently, MMP1, MMP3 and MMP7 functional gene promoter polymorphisms have been found to be associated with CRC occur...

    Authors: Astrid Lièvre, Jacqueline Milet, Jérôme Carayol, Delphine Le Corre, Chantal Milan, Alexandre Pariente, Bernard Nalet, Jacques Lafon, Jean Faivre, Claire Bonithon-Kopp, Sylviane Olschwang, Catherine Bonaiti-Pellié and Pierre Laurent-Puig
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:270
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. In breast cancer current guidelines do not recommend the routine use of serum tumour markers. Differently, we observed that CEA-TPA-CA15.3 (carcinoembryonic (CEA) tissue polypeptide (TPA) and cancer associated...

    Authors: Andrea Nicolini, Gianna Tartarelli, Angelo Carpi, Maria Rita Metelli, Paola Ferrari, Loretta Anselmi, Massimo Conte, Piero Berti and Paolo Miccoli
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:269
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) is a critical component of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Aberrant TCF7L2 expression modifies Wnt signaling and mediates oncogenic effects through the upregulation of c-MYC ...

    Authors: Barbara Burwinkel, Kalai S Shanmugam, Kari Hemminki, Alfons Meindl, Rita K Schmutzler, Christian Sutter, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Marion Kiechle, Claus R Bartram and Bernd Frank
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:268
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. In search of a suitable GSH-depleting agent, a novel copper complex viz., copper N-(2-hydroxyacetophenone) glycinate (CuNG) has been synthesized, which was initially found to be a potential resistance modifying a...

    Authors: Ananda Mookerjee, Jayati Mookerjee Basu, Surajit Majumder, Shilpak Chatterjee, Gouri S Panda, Pranabananda Dutta, Smarajit Pal, Pratima Mukherjee, Thomas Efferth, Syamal Roy and Soumitra K Choudhuri
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:267
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Detection of circulating malignant cells (CMCs) through a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay seems to be a demonstration of systemic disease. We here evaluated the prognostic role o...

    Authors: Giuseppe Palmieri, Sabrina MR Satriano, Mario Budroni, Antonio Cossu, Francesco Tanda, Sergio Canzanella, Corrado Caracò, Ester Simeone, Antonio Daponte, Nicola Mozzillo, Giuseppe Comella, Giuseppe Castello and Paolo A Ascierto
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:266
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the causative agent of immunosuppression associated lymphoproliferations such as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), AIDS related immunoblastic lymphomas (ARL) and ...

    Authors: Laszlo Markasz, György Stuber, Emilie Flaberg, Åsa Gustafsson Jernberg, Staffan Eksborg, Eva Olah, Henriette Skribek and Laszlo Szekely
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. There is a paucity of literature on the referral outcome of patients seen in phase I trial clinics in academic oncology centres. This study aims to provide information on the accrual rate and to identify obsta...

    Authors: Jeremy Ho, Gregory R Pond, Colin Newman, Martha Maclean, Eric X Chen, Amit M Oza and Lillian L Siu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The reciprocal (9;22) translocation fuses the bcr (breakpoint cluster region) gene on chromosome 22 to the abl (Abelson-leukemia-virus) gene on chromosome 9. Depending on the breakpoint on chromosome 22 (the Phil...

    Authors: Xiaomin Zheng, Saskia Güller, Tim Beissert, Elena Puccetti and Martin Ruthardt
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:262
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. From 1968 to 2002, Singapore experienced an almost three-fold increase in breast cancer incidence. This increase appeared to be different across the three main ethnic groups: Chinese, Malays and Indians. This ...

    Authors: Xueling Sim, R Ayesha Ali, Sara Wedren, Denise Li-Meng Goh, Chuen-Seng Tan, Marie Reilly, Per Hall and Kee-Seng Chia
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:261
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human malignancies and appears to arise mainly from transformation of pre-existing differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, the carcinogenic m...

    Authors: Junko Akaishi, Masamitsu Onda, Junichi Okamoto, Shizuyo Miyamoto, Mitsuji Nagahama, Kouichi Ito, Akira Yoshida and Kazuo Shimizu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Circulating plasma Epstein Barr Virus DNA (EBV-DNA) is a sensitive and specific marker of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The mainstay of treatment of metastatic NPC is systemic chemotherapy and resection for ...

    Authors: Stephen L Chan, Edwin P Hui, Sing F Leung, Anthony TC Chan and Brigette BY Ma
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:259
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  33. Bowel cancer is common and is a major cause of death. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials estimates that screening for colorectal cancer using faecal occult blood (FOB) test reduces mortality from co...

    Authors: Sue Wilson, Michael JO Wakelam, Richard FD Hobbs, Angela V Ryan, Janet A Dunn, Val D Redman, Fiona Patrick, Lynne Colbourne, Ashley Martin and Tariq Ismail
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:258
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  34. Two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, C677T and A1298C, lead to decreased enzyme activity and affect chemosensitivity of tumor cells. ...

    Authors: Damali N Martin, Brenda J Boersma, Tiffany M Howe, Julie E Goodman, Leah E Mechanic, Stephen J Chanock and Stefan Ambs
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:257
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. In a recent pilot report, we showed that Smac/DIABLO mRNA is expressed de novo in a subset of cervical cancer patients. We have now expanded this study and analyzed Smac/DIABLO expression in the primary lesions i...

    Authors: Abril Arellano-Llamas, Francisco J Garcia, Delia Perez, David Cantu, Magali Espinosa, Jaime G De la Garza, Vilma Maldonado and Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Maspin, a member of the serpin family, is a suppressor of tumor growth, an inhibitor of angiogenesis and an inducer of apoptosis. Maspin induces apoptosis by increasing Bax, a member of the Bcl-2 family of apo...

    Authors: Antonello A Romani, Paolo Soliani, Silvia Desenzani, Angelo F Borghetti and Pellegrino Crafa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:255
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Epigenetic alterations and loss of heterozygosity are mechanisms of tumor suppressor gene inactivation. A new carcinogenic pathway, targeting the RAS effectors has recently been documented. RASSF1A, on 3p21.3,...

    Authors: Paula Lázcoz, Jorge Muñoz, Manuel Nistal, Ángel Pestaña, Ignacio Encío and Javier S Castresana
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. HNSCC progression to adjacent tissue and nodes may be mediated by altered glycoproteins and glycolipids such as MUC1 mucin. This report constitutes a detailed statistical study about MUC1 expression and anti-M...

    Authors: Martín E Rabassa, María V Croce, Adrián Pereyra and Amada Segal-Eiras
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. SnoN is an important regulator of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling pathway and has been shown to exhibit both tumour promotion and suppression activity.

    Authors: June A Chia, Lisa A Simms, Sarah-Jane Cozzi, Joanne Young, Jeremy R Jass, Michael D Walsh, Kevin J Spring, Barbara A Leggett and Vicki LJ Whitehall
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:252
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Bowel cancer is common and is a major cause of death. Most people with bowel symptoms who meet the criteria for urgent referral to secondary care will not be found to have bowel cancer, and some people who are...

    Authors: Angela V Ryan, Sue Wilson, Michael JO Wakelam, Sally A Warmington, Janet A Dunn, Richard FD Hobbs, Ashley Martin and Tariq Ismail
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:251
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  41. The efficacy of screening for colorectal cancer using a simple blood-based assay for the detection of tumor cells disseminated in the circulation at an early stage of the disease is gaining positive feedback f...

    Authors: Rossella Solmi, Giampaolo Ugolini, Giancarlo Rosati, Simone Zanotti, Mattia Lauriola, Isacco Montroni, Marco del Governatore, Antonello Caira, Mario Taffurelli, Donatella Santini, Domenico Coppola, Lia Guidotti, Paolo Carinci and Pierluigi Strippoli
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. It remains unknown whether primary ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is a homogeneous entity, as there are few reports of the results ...

    Authors: Kazuki Tanimoto, Naohiro Sekiguchi, Yukiko Yokota, Akihiro Kaneko, Takashi Watanabe, Akiko Miyagi Maeshima, Yoshihiro Matsuno, Mine Harada, Kensei Tobinai and Yukio Kobayashi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Celecoxib inhibits PGE2 production in cancerous tissue. We previously reported that PGE2 levels in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and plasma were not decreased in women at increased breast cancer risk who receive...

    Authors: Edward R Sauter, Wenyi Qin, Lisa Schlatter, John E Hewett and John T Flynn
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:248
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The presence of an oligodendroglial component within a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered a prognostically favorable factor, but the clinical outcome of patients with glioblastoma multiforme with olig...

    Authors: Dirk Vordermark, Klemens Ruprecht, Peter Rieckmann, Wolfgang Roggendorf, Giles H Vince, Monika Warmuth-Metz, Oliver Kölbl and Michael Flentje
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:247
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Human breast tissue undergoes phases of proliferation, differentiation and regression regulated by changes of the levels of circulating sex hormones during the menstrual cycle or aging. Ovarian hormones also l...

    Authors: Natalija Eigėlienė, Pirkko Härkönen and Risto Erkkola
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Oncogene amplification and overexpression occur in tumor cells. Amplification status may provide diagnostic and prognostic information and may lead to new treatment strategies. Chromosomal regions 8p12, 8q24, ...

    Authors: Anne Letessier, Fabrice Sircoulomb, Christophe Ginestier, Nathalie Cervera, Florence Monville, Véronique Gelsi-Boyer, Benjamin Esterni, Jeannine Geneix, Pascal Finetti, Christophe Zemmour, Patrice Viens, Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret, Jocelyne Jacquemier, Daniel Birnbaum and Max Chaffanet
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The observation that germline mutations in the oxidative DNA damage repair gene MUTYH cause colorectal cancer (CRC) provides strong evidence that dysregulation of the base excision repair (BER) pathway influences...

    Authors: Peter Broderick, Tina Bagratuni, Jairam Vijayakrishnan, Steven Lubbe, Ian Chandler and Richard S Houlston
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The proto-oncogene pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) has been shown to be abundantly overexpressed in a large variety of neoplasms likely promoting neo-vascularization and tumor invasiveness. In this st...

    Authors: Christine Solbach, Marc Roller, Frank Eckerdt, Silke Peters and Rainald Knecht
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Persistent fatigue is recognised as one of the most common, ongoing symptoms reported by patients following cancer treatment and may have profound effects on the quality of life. However, recent cross-sectiona...

    Authors: David Goldstein, Barbara Bennett, Michael Friedlander, Tracey Davenport, Ian Hickie and Andrew Lloyd
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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