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  1. Several small receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKI) have entered clinical cancer trials alone and in combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The inhibitory spectrum of these compounds is often not ...

    Authors: Minglun Li, Gong Ping, Christian Plathow, Thuy Trinh, Kenneth E Lipson, Kai Hauser, Robert Krempien, Juergen Debus, Amir Abdollahi and Peter E Huber
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:79
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. This article aims to explain the reasons for the remarkable change in age of breast cancer occurrence in the Swiss canton of Geneva.

    Authors: Christine Bouchardy, Alfredo Morabia, Helena M Verkooijen, Gérald Fioretta, Yves Wespi and Peter Schäfer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Metastasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer with tumor cell invasion playing a crucial role in the metastatic process. PDK1 is a key molecule that couples PI3K to cell proliferation...

    Authors: Zhihui Xie, Hongyan Yuan, Yuzhi Yin, Xiao Zeng, Renkui Bai and Robert I Glazer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Patients with metastatic breast cancer are frequently treated with anthracyclines and taxanes, which are among the most active agents in this disease. Gemcitabine is an interesting candidate for a three-drug c...

    Authors: Alessandro Passardi, Ilaria Massa, Wainer Zoli, Lorenzo Gianni, Carlo Milandri, Federica Zumaglini, Oriana Nanni, Roberta Maltoni, Giovanni Luca Frassineti and Dino Amadori
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. CD40L was found to reduce doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in non Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines through caspase-3 dependent mechanism. Whether this represents a general mechanism for other tumor types is unknown.

    Authors: Nathalie Voorzanger-Rousselot, Laurent Alberti and Jean-Yves Blay
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Basic studies of oncogenesis have demonstrated that either the elevated production of particular oncogene proteins or the occurrence of qualitative abnormalities in oncogenes can contribute to neoplastic cellu...

    Authors: Hong Namkoong, Seung Min Shin, Hyun Kee Kim, Seon-Ah Ha, Goang Won Cho, Soo Young Hur, Tae Eung Kim and Jin Woo Kim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Molecular markers identifying alterations in proliferation and apoptotic pathways could be particularly important in characterizing high-risk normal or pre-neoplastic tissue. We evaluated the following markers...

    Authors: Vijayalakshmi Ananthanarayanan, Ryan J Deaton, Ximing J Yang, Michael R Pins and Peter H Gann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Tumor burden can be pharmacologically controlled by inhibiting cell division and by direct, specific toxicity to the cancerous tissue. Unfortunately, tumors often develop intrinsic pharmacoresistance mediated ...

    Authors: Damir Janigro, Catalin Perju, Vincent Fazio, Kerri Hallene, Gabriele Dini, Mukesh K Agarwal and Luca Cucullo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The association between colorectal cancer (CRC) and smoking has not been consistent. Incomplete smoking history and association to a specific subset of CRC tumors have been proposed as explanations. The adenom...

    Authors: Mona Sæbø, Camilla F Skjelbred, Rebecca Breistein, Inger Marie B Lothe, Per Chr Hagen, Gunter Bock, Inger-Lise Hansteen and Elin H Kure
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in the development of lung cancer. DNA sequence variations in the COX-2 gene may lead to altered COX-2 production and/or activity, and so they cause inter-individu...

    Authors: Jung Min Park, Jin Eun Choi, Myung Hwa Chae, Won Kee Lee, Sung Ick Cha, Ji-Woong Son, Chang Ho Kim, Sin Kam, Young Mo Kang, Tae Hoon Jung and Jae Yong Park
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:70
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Poorly differentiated midline carcinoma with a translocation between chromosomes 15 and 19, i.e. t(15;19), has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity for over a decade. This tumor affects young individu...

    Authors: Jens Engleson, Maria Soller, Ioannis Panagopoulos, Anna Dahlén, Michael Dictor and Mats Jerkeman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:69
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  12. Isotope-coded affinity tag (ICAT) tandem mass spectrometry (MS) allows for qualitative and quantitative analysis of paired protein samples. We sought to determine whether ICAT technology could quantify and ide...

    Authors: Timothy M Pawlik, David H Hawke, Yanna Liu, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Herbert Fritsche, Kelly K Hunt and Henry M Kuerer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may influence individual variation in DNA repair capacity, which may be associated with risk of developing cancer. For colorectal cancer the importance of mutations in...

    Authors: Camilla Furu Skjelbred, Mona Sæbø, Håkan Wallin, Bjørn Andersen Nexø, Per Christian Hagen, Inger Marie Bowitz Lothe, Steinar Aase, Egil Johnson, Inger-Lise Hansteen, Ulla Vogel and Elin H Kure
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. HSVtk/ganciclovir (GCV) gene therapy has been extensively studied in tumors and relies largely on the gene expression of HSVtk. Most studies, however, have failed to demonstrate any significant benefit of a contr...

    Authors: LI Zi-Bo, ZENG Zhao-Jun, CHEN Qian, LUO Sai-Qun and HU Wei-Xin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Although impacts upon gastric cancer incidence of race, age, sex, and Lauren type have been individually explored, neither their importance when evaluated together nor the presence or absence of interactions a...

    Authors: Mitchell S Wachtel, Yan Zhang, Maurizio Chiriva-Internati and Eldo E Frezza
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:65
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Combining trastuzumab and chemotherapy is standard in her2/neu overexpressing advanced breast cancer. It is not established however, whether trastuzumab treatment should continue after the failure of one earlier ...

    Authors: Rupert Bartsch, Catharina Wenzel, Dagmar Hussian, Ursula Pluschnig, Ursula Sevelda, Wolfgang Koestler, Gabriela Altorjai, Gottfried J Locker, Robert Mader, Christoph C Zielinski and Guenther G Steger
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Chemotherapy for pancreatic carcinoma often has severe side effects that limit its efficacy. The glucocorticoid (GC) dexamethasone (DEX) is frequently used as co-treatment to prevent side effects of chemothera...

    Authors: Chengwen Zhang, Armin Kolb, Peter Büchler, Andrew CB Cato, Jürgen Mattern, Werner Rittgen, Lutz Edler, Klaus-Michael Debatin, Markus W Büchler, Helmut Friess and Ingrid Herr
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) have been designed to inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. However, it is now accepted that part of their anti-tumor activities is related to interference wi...

    Authors: M Goffinet, M Thoulouzan, A Pradines, I Lajoie-Mazenc, Carolyn Weinbaum, JC Faye and S Séronie-Vivien
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Previously, a total of five breast cancer subtypes have been identified based on variation in gene expression patterns. These expression profiles were also shown to be associated with different prognostic valu...

    Authors: Aslaug Aamodt Muggerud, Hilde Johnsen, Debra A Barnes, Adam Steel, Per Eystein Lønning, Bjørn Naume, Therese Sørlie and Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:59
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  22. In human breast cancers, amplification of chromosome 11q13 correlates with lymph node metastasis and increased mortality. To date, two genes located within this amplicon, CCND1 and EMS1, were considered to act as...

    Authors: Agnes GSH van Rossum, Maaike PA van Bragt, Ellen Schuuring-Scholtes, Jan CM van der Ploeg, Johan HJM van Krieken, Philip M Kluin and Ed Schuuring
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Gastric carcinoma is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. Patients with gastric cancer at an advanced disease stage have a poor prognosis, due to the limited efficacy of available therapies. Therefore, ...

    Authors: Jessica Nöckel, Natasja K van den Engel, Hauke Winter, Rudolf A Hatz, Wolfgang Zimmermann and Robert Kammerer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Patients with metastatic tumors to the brain have a very poor prognosis. Increased metastatic potential has been associated with the fibrinolytic system. We investigated the role of the fibrinolytic enzyme pla...

    Authors: George Perides, Yuzheng Zhuge, Tina Lin, Monique F Stins, Roderick T Bronson and Julian K Wu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The aim of this study was to evaluate epigenetic status of cyclin A1 in human papillomavirus-associated cervical cancer. Y. Tokumaru et al., Cancer Res 64, 5982-7 (Sep 1, 2004)demonstrated in head and neck squamo...

    Authors: Nakarin Kitkumthorn, Pattamawadee Yanatatsanajit, Sorapop Kiatpongsan, Chureerat Phokaew, Surang Triratanachat, Prasert Trivijitsilp, Wichai Termrungruanglert, Damrong Tresukosol, Somchai Niruthisard and Apiwat Mutirangura
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. We previously analyzed human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell lines for the effects that simian virus 40 (SV40) small tumor antigen (ST) has on gene expression using Affymetrix U133 GeneChips. To cross-validate and...

    Authors: Mohamed Ali-Seyed, Noelani Laycock, Suresh Karanam, Wenming Xiao, Eric T Blair and Carlos S Moreno
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Although PPARγ antagonists have shown considerable pre-clinical efficacy, recent studies suggest PPARγ ligands induce PPARγ-independent effects. There is a need to better define such effects to permit rational...

    Authors: Christine L Chaffer, David M Thomas, Erik W Thompson and Elizabeth D Williams
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Experimental and clinical evidence suggest that hypoxia in solid tumours reduces their sensitivity to conventional treatment modalities modulating response to ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic agents. The...

    Authors: Bernd Gagel, Patrick Reinartz, Cengiz Demirel, Hans J Kaiser, Michael Zimny, Marc Piroth, Michael Pinkawa, Sven Stanzel, Branka Asadpour, Kurt Hamacher, Heinz H Coenen, Ulrich Buell and Michael J Eble
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Although the effectiveness of radiotherapy with concurrent administration of several anti-tumor drugs for postoperative recurrent esophageal cancer has been demonstrated, the results are not satisfactory. The ...

    Authors: Keiichi Jingu, Kenji Nemoto, Haruo Matsushita, Chiaki Takahashi, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Toshiyuki Sugawara, Eiko Nakata, Yoshihiro Takai and Shogo Yamada
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. RT-PCR has been widely used for the analysis of gene expression in many systems, including tumor samples. GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) has been frequently considered as a constitutive house...

    Authors: Maria Teresa Valenti, Francesco Bertoldo, Luca Dalle Carbonare, Giuseppe Azzarello, Sonia Zenari, Mirko Zanatta, Elena Balducci, Orazio Vinante and Vincenzo Lo Cascio
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The E-cadherin gene (CDH1) maps, at chromosome 16q22.1, a region often associated with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in human breast cancer. LOH at this site is thought to lead to loss of function of this tumor su...

    Authors: José Roberto F Caldeira, Érika C Prando, Francisco C Quevedo, Francisco A Moraes Neto, Cláudia A Rainho and Silvia R Rogatto
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Colorectal cancer remains a major cause of cancer mortality in the Western world. A limited number of studies has been conducted in respect of Her-3 and Her-4 expression and their correlation with clinical par...

    Authors: Panteleimon Kountourakis, Kitty Pavlakis, Amanda Psyrri, Dimitra Rontogianni, Nikolaos Xiros, Efstratios Patsouris, Dimitrios Pectasides and Theofanis Economopoulos
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. It has been shown that IAPs, in particular XIAP, survivin and c-IAP1, are overexpressed in several malignancies. In the present study we investigate the expression of c-IAP1, c-IAP2, XIAP and survivin and its ...

    Authors: Magali Espinosa, David Cantú, Norma Herrera, Carlos M Lopez, Jaime G De la Garza, Vilma Maldonado and Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. High-dose interferon alfa-2b (IFNalfa-2b), according to the ECOG 1684 schedule, is the only approved adjuvant treatment for stage III melanoma patients by the FDA and EMEA. However, the risk/benefit profile ha...

    Authors: Vanna Chiarion-Sileni, Paola Del Bianco, Antonella Romanini, Michele Guida, Adriano Paccagnella, Maurizio Dalla Palma, Emanuele Naglieri, Ruggero Ridolfi, Barbara Silvestri, Maria Michiara and Gian Luca De Salvo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:44
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Breast cancer appears to be a disease of both the developing and developed worlds. Among Turkish women, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The aims of this cross-sectional stud...

    Authors: Pınar Erbay Dündar, Dilek Özmen, Beyhan Öztürk, Gökçe Haspolat, Filiz Akyıldız, Sümeyra Çoban and Gamze Çakıroğlu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The combination of capecitabine and gemcitabine at Fixed Dose Rate (FDR) has been demonstrated to be well tolerated, with apparent efficacy in patients with advanced cancers. FDR gemcitabine infusion leads to ...

    Authors: Daniele Santini, Bruno Vincenzi, Gaia Schiavon, Annalisa La Cesa, Simona Gasparro, Angelo Vincenzi and Giuseppe Tonini
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:42
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. CEA is a tumor-associated antigen abundantly expressed on several cancer types, including those naturally refractory to chemotherapy. The selection and characterization of human anti-CEA single-chain antibody ...

    Authors: Emiliano Pavoni, Michela Flego, Maria Luisa Dupuis, Stefano Barca, Fiorella Petronzelli, Anna Maria Anastasi, Valeria D'Alessio, Angela Pelliccia, Paola Vaccaro, Giorgia Monteriù, Alessandro Ascione, Rita De Santis, Franco Felici, Maurizio Cianfriglia and Olga Minenkova
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Accumulating databases in human genome research have enabled integrated genome-wide study on complicated diseases such as cancers. A practical approach is to mine a global transcriptome profile of disease from...

    Authors: Bingjian Lü, Jing Xu, Maode Lai, Hao Zhang and Jian Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is common among cancer patients. This paper reviews the use of CAM in a series of patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC).

    Authors: Lucy K Helyer, Stephen Chin, Betty K Chui, Barbara Fitzgerald, Sunil Verma, Eileen Rakovitch, George Dranitsaris and Mark Clemons
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:39
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Leptin (LEP) has been consistently associated with angiogenesis and tumor growth. Leptin exerts its physiological action through its specific receptor (LEPR). We have investigated whether genetic variations in LE...

    Authors: Kaouther Snoussi, A Donny Strosberg, Noureddine Bouaouina, Slim Ben Ahmed, A Noureddine Helal and Lotfi Chouchane
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The hereditary hemochromatosis gene HFE plays a pivotal role in iron homeostasis. The association between cancer and HFE hetero- or homozygosity has previously been shown including hepatocellular and nonhepatocel...

    Authors: Aysen Gunel-Ozcan, Sibel Alyılmaz-Bekmez, Emine Nilufer Guler and Dicle Guc
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Carcinogenesis typically involves multiple somatic mutations in caretaker (DNA repair) and gatekeeper (tumor suppressors and oncogenes) genes. Analysis of mutation spectra of the tumor suppressor that is most ...

    Authors: Vladimir N Babenko, Malay K Basu, Fyodor A Kondrashov, Igor B Rogozin and Eugene V Koonin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:36
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Breast cancer survivors often encounter physiological and psychological problems related to their diagnosis and treatment that can influence long-term prognosis. The aim of this research is to investigate the ...

    Authors: John M Saxton, Amanda Daley, Nicola Woodroofe, Robert Coleman, Hilary Powers, Nanette Mutrie, Vanessa Siddall and Helen Crank
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:35
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  46. The optimal cancer treatment for an older population is largely unknown because of the low numbers of elderly patients accrued into clinical trials. This project focuses on the attitudes of the elderly about p...

    Authors: Carol A Townsley, Kelvin K Chan, Gregory R Pond, Christine Marquez, Lillian L Siu and Sharon E Straus
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:34
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most malignant tumors and typically presents at an advanced and rapidly fatal stage. To better understand the role of genetics in the etiology and preven...

    Authors: Nan Hu, Luxia Qian, Ying Hu, Jian-Zhong Shou, Chaoyu Wang, Carol Giffen, Quan-Hong Wang, Yuan Wang, Alisa M Goldstein, Michael Emmert-Buck and Philip R Taylor
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Nestin is a protein belonging to class VI of intermediate filaments that is produced in stem/progenitor cells in the mammalian CNS during development and is consecutively replaced by other intermediate filamen...

    Authors: Renata Veselska, Petr Kuglik, Pavel Cejpek, Hana Svachova, Jakub Neradil, Tomas Loja and Jirina Relichova
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. It is important to discriminate between primary and secondary lung cancer. However, often, the discriminating diagnosis of primary lung acinar adenocarcinoma and lung metastasis of colorectal cancer based on m...

    Authors: Satoshi Ikeda, Masahiko Fujimori, Satoshi Shibata, Masazumi Okajima, Yasuyo Ishizaki, Takeshi Kurihara, Yoshihiro Miyata, Masahiko Iseki, Yosuke Shimizu, Noriaki Tokumoto, Shinji Ozaki and Toshimasa Asahara
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The application of induction chemotherapy failed to provide a consistent benefit for local control in primary treatment of advanced head and neck (H&N) cancers. The aim of this study was to compare the results...

    Authors: Reinhold Graf, Bert Hildebrandt, Wolfgang Tilly, Hanno Riess, Roland Felix, Volker Budach and Peter Wust
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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