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  1. Breast cancer is a major problem in the United States leading to tens of thousands of deaths each year. Although citrus auraptene suppresses cancer in numerous rodent models, its role in breast cancer preventi...

    Authors: Prasad Krishnan, Karen J Yan, David Windler, Jesse Tubbs, Robert Grand, Benjamin DL Li, C Marcelo Aldaz, Jerry McLarty and Heather E Kleiner-Hancock
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:259
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The prognosis for patients with breast tumor metastases to brain is extremely poor. Identification of prognostic molecular markers of the metastatic process is critical for designing therapeutic modalities for...

    Authors: Divya Khaitan, Umesh T Sankpal, Babette Weksler, Edward A Meister, Ignacio A Romero, Pierre-Olivier Couraud and Nagendra S Ningaraj
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH1) triggers the release of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the pituitary. Genetic variants in the gene encoding GNRH1 or its receptor may influence...

    Authors: Federico Canzian, Rudolf Kaaks, David G Cox, Katherine D Henderson, Brian E Henderson, Christine Berg, Sheila Bingham, Heiner Boeing, Julie Buring, Eugenia E Calle, Stephen Chanock, Francoise Clavel-Chapelon, Laure Dossus, Heather Spencer Feigelson, Christopher A Haiman, Susan E Hankinson…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:257
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Dramatic weight loss is an often underestimated symptom in pancreatic cancer patients. Cachexia- defined as an unintended loss of stable weight exceeding 10% – is present in up to 80% of patients with cancer o...

    Authors: Jeannine Bachmann, Knut Ketterer, Christiane Marsch, Kerstin Fechtner, Holger Krakowski-Roosen, Markus W Büchler, Helmut Friess and Marc E Martignoni
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:255
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The primary goal of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is to completely excise the tumor and achieve "adequate" or "negative" surgical resection margins while maintaining an acceptable level of postoperative cosm...

    Authors: Stephen P Povoski, Rafael E Jimenez, Wenle P Wang and Ronald X Xu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Traditional prognostic factors in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are inadequate in predicting recurrence and long-term prognosis, but genome-wide cancer research has recently provided multiple potentially use...

    Authors: Renata A Tassi, Stefano Calza, Antonella Ravaggi, Eliana Bignotti, Franco E Odicino, Germana Tognon, Carla Donzelli, Marcella Falchetti, Elisa Rossi, Paola Todeschini, Chiara Romani, Elisabetta Bandiera, Laura Zanotti, Sergio Pecorelli and Alessandro D Santin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The acute and chronic leukaemias constitute about 2.5% of all newly diagnosed malignancies and kill over 4000 people/year in the UK, yet there is little accurate up-to-date data on how the incidence of and mor...

    Authors: Fatima Bhayat, Emma Das-Gupta, Chris Smith, Tricia McKeever and Richard Hubbard
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:252
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The discovery of a "serrated neoplasia pathway" has highlighted the role of hyperplastic lesions of the colon as the significant precursor of colorectal adenocarcinoma. In mice, hyperplasia of the colonic muco...

    Authors: Emina Emilia Torlakovic, Vicki Keeler, Chang Wang, Hyun J Lim, Leslie Ann Lining and Suzanne Laferté
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:251
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Ginsenoside Rg3, a saponin extracted from ginseng, inhibits angiogenesis. The combination of low-dose chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic inhibitors suppresses growth of experimental tumors more effectively than ...

    Authors: Tai-Guo Liu, Ying Huang, Dan-Dan Cui, Xiao-Bing Huang, Shu-Hua Mao, Ling-Ling Ji, Hai-Bo Song and Cheng Yi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The effects of sorafenib in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been confirmed in an international collaborative phase III trial. This study aims to confirm similar efficacy and treatment...

    Authors: Hailiang Zhang, Baijun Dong, Jiade J Lu, Xudong Yao, Shilin Zhang, Bo Dai, Yijun Shen, Yao Zhu, Dingwei Ye and Yiran Huang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal neoplasm. Cancer tissue is often characterized by altered energy regulation. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP) are involved in the intracellular transport o...

    Authors: Angelika Tölle, Monika Jung, Michael Lein, Manfred Johannsen, Kurt Miller, Holger Moch, Klaus Jung and Glen Kristiansen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:248
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Among the salivary gland carcinomas, carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma has been regarded as a representative carcinoma type which arises secondarily in the background of a pre-existent benign pleomorphic adenom...

    Authors: Satoshi Maruyama, Jun Cheng, Susumu Shingaki, Takashi Tamura, Shuichi Asakawa, Shinsei Minoshima, Yoshiko Shimizu, Nobuyoshi Shimizu and Takashi Saku
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:247
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is a marker for hypoxia and acidosis, which is linked to a poor prognosis in human tumors. The purpose of this comparative analysis was to evaluate whether CA9 and VEGF expression ar...

    Authors: Yong Sang Hong, Hyeon Jin Cho, Sun Young Kim, Kyung Hae Jung, Ji Won Park, Hyo Seong Choi, Jae Hwan Oh, Byung Chang Kim, Dae Kyung Sohn, Dae Yong Kim and Hee Jin Chang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. In recent years, numerous studies have assessed the prevalence of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in various cohorts. We here extensively investigated the prevalence and geographical distribution of B...

    Authors: Grazia Palomba, Angela Loi, Antonella Uras, Patrizia Fancello, Giovanna Piras, Attilio Gabbas, Antonio Cossu, Mario Budroni, Antonio Contu, Francesco Tanda, Antonio Farris, Sandra Orrù, Carlo Floris, Marina Pisano, Mario Lovicu, Maria Cristina Santona…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The absence of highly sensitive and specific serum biomarkers makes mass screening for ovarian cancer impossible. The claudin proteins are frequently overexpressed in ovarian cancers, but their potential as pr...

    Authors: Jianghong Li, Cheryl A Sherman-Baust, Miyun Tsai-Turton, Robert E Bristow, Richard B Roden and Patrice J Morin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:244
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Over the past decades, in spite of intensive search, no significant increase in the survival of patients with glioblastoma has been obtained. The role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and especially the activi...

    Authors: Ahcene Boumendjel, Anne McLeer-Florin, Pierre Champelovier, Diane Allegro, Dima Muhammad, Florence Souard, Madiha Derouazi, Vincent Peyrot, Bertrand Toussaint and Jean Boutonnat
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Tumor hypoxia is an important factor related to tumor resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This study investigated molecules synthesized in colorectal cancer cells during hypoxia to explore the possibi...

    Authors: Fu-Yen Chung, Ming-Yii Huang, Ching-Sheng Yeh, Hui-Jen Chang, Tian-Lu Cheng, Li-Chen Yen, Jaw-Yuan Wang and Shiu-Ru Lin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Twist, a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix class, is reported to regulate cancer metastasis. It is known to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we evaluated the expr...

    Authors: Noriyuki Matsuo, Hidenori Shiraha, Tatsuya Fujikawa, Nobuyuki Takaoka, Naoki Ueda, Shigetomi Tanaka, Shinichi Nishina, Yutaka Nakanishi, Masayuki Uemura, Akinobu Takaki, Shinichiro Nakamura, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi, Kazuhiro Nouso, Takahito Yagi and Kazuhide Yamamoto
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Amplification of the MYCN gene in neuroblastoma (NB) is associated with a poor prognosis. However, MYCN-amplification does not automatically result in higher expression of MYCN in children with NB. We hypothesize...

    Authors: Joannes FM Jacobs, Hans van Bokhoven, Frank N van Leeuwen, Christina A Hulsbergen-van de Kaa, I Jolanda M de Vries, Gosse J Adema, Peter M Hoogerbrugge and Arjan PM de Brouwer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TNF genetic variants and the combined effect between TNF gene and cigarette smoking in the development of gastric cancer in the Korean population.

    Authors: Jae Jeong Yang, Kwang-Pil Ko, Lisa Y Cho, Aesun Shin, Jin Gwack, Soung-Hoon Chang, Hai-Rim Shin, Keun-Young Yoo, Daehee Kang and Sue K Park
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Low-risk breast cancer susceptibility alleles or SNPs confer only modest breast cancer risks ranging from just over 1.0 to1.3 fold. Yet, they are common among most populations and therefore are involved in the...

    Authors: Muhammad Riaz, Fons Elstrodt, Antoinette Hollestelle, Abbas Dehghan, Jan GM Klijn and Mieke Schutte
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. A feature of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) relevant to tumour dissemination is the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton/focal contacts, influencing cellular ECM adherence and motility. This is cou...

    Authors: Honor J Hugo, Razan Wafai, Tony Blick, Erik W Thompson and Donald F Newgreen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world and constitutes the leading cause of cancer-related death among men, and second among women in Taiwan. Liver cirrhosis and HCC ar...

    Authors: Chun-Nan Yeh, See-Tong Pang, Tsung-Wen Chen, Ren-Ching Wu, Wen-Hui Weng and Miin-Fu Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents one of the most malignant tumors. To improve the poor prognosis, it is necessary to diagnose esophageal SCC at early stages using new tumor markers. SEREX (s...

    Authors: Hideaki Shimada, Tooru Shiratori, Mari Yasuraoka, Akiko Kagaya, Mari Kuboshima, Fumio Nomura, Masaki Takiguchi, Takenori Ochiai, Hisahiro Matsubara and Takaki Hiwasa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. There is evidence that the immune systems of patients with breast cancer are dysfunctional. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), and IDO, an immunosuppressive enzyme, are associated with more advanced disease in some c...

    Authors: Aaron S Mansfield, Paivi S Heikkila, Ari T Vaara, Karl AJ von Smitten, Jukka M Vakkila and Marjut HK Leidenius
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:231
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine and mediator of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. MIF is overexpressed in various tumours and has been suggested as a molecular lin...

    Authors: Eva Verjans, Erik Noetzel, Nuran Bektas, Anke K Schütz, Hongqi Lue, Birgitt Lennartz, Arndt Hartmann, Edgar Dahl and Jürgen Bernhagen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. In von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, germline mutations in the VHL tumor suppressor gene cause clear cell renal carcinomas, hemangioblastomas, and pheochromocytomas. The VHL gene product is part of an ubiquitin...

    Authors: Valentina Bangiyeva, Ava Rosenbloom, Ashlynn E Alexander, Bella Isanova, Timothy Popko and Alan R Schoenfeld
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The main study objectives were: to develop a set of requirements of comprehensive breast centres; to establish a nationwide voluntary certification programme for breast centres based on such requirements, a ce...

    Authors: Sara Y Brucker, Michael Bamberg, Walter Jonat, Matthias W Beckmann, Andreas Kämmerle, Rolf Kreienberg and Diethelm Wallwiener
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The purpose of this study was to estimate the relative impact of changes in demographics, stage at detection, treatment mix, and medical technology on 5-year survival among older colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

    Authors: Kathleen Lang, Jonathan R Korn, David W Lee, Lisa M Lines, Craig C Earle and Joseph Menzin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Preoperative chemotherapy (PCT) has become the standard of care in locally advanced breast cancer. The identification of patient-specific tumor characteristics that can improve the ability to predict response ...

    Authors: Linbo Wang, Zhinong Jiang, Meihua Sui, Jianguo Shen, Chaoyang Xu and Weimin Fan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Integrins are known to be important contributors to cancer progression. We have previously shown that the integrin β4 subunit is up-regulated in primary colon cancer. Its partner, the integrin α6 subunit, exis...

    Authors: Anders Bondo Dydensborg, Inga C Teller, Jean-François Groulx, Nuria Basora, Fréderic Paré, Elizabeth Herring, Rémy Gauthier, Dominique Jean and Jean-François Beaulieu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:223
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The Kuwaiti perspective on quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer is important because it adds the contribution from a country where the disease affects women at a relatively younger age and seems to be more a...

    Authors: Shafika A Alawadi and Jude U Ohaeri
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:222
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Much attention has been recently focused on the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the initiation and progression of solid malignancies. Since CSCs are able to proliferate and self-renew extensively, thus sus...

    Authors: Gabriella Ferrandina, Enrica Martinelli, Marco Petrillo, Maria Grazia Prisco, Gianfranco Zannoni, Stefano Sioletic and Giovanni Scambia
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:221
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Neuropilin-2 (Nrp2) is a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), which is a well-known lymphangiogenic factor and plays an important role in lymph node metastasis of various human cancers, ...

    Authors: Hironao Yasuoka, Rieko Kodama, Masahiko Tsujimoto, Katsuhide Yoshidome, Hiroki Akamatsu, Masaaki Nakahara, Michiya Inagaki, Tokio Sanke and Yasushi Nakamura
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:220
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Esophageal cancer ranks eighth in order of cancer occurrence. Its lethality primarily stems from inability to detect the disease during the early organ-confined stage and the lack of effective therapies for ad...

    Authors: Magbubah Essack, Aleksandar Radovanovic, Ulf Schaefer, Sebastian Schmeier, Sundararajan V Seshadri, Alan Christoffels, Mandeep Kaur and Vladimir B Bajic
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:219
    Content type: Database Published on:

  41. The treatment of the primary tumor in advanced metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a matter of discussion. Little attention has thus far been paid to the endoscopically observable changes of the primar...

    Authors: Silke Cameron, Diana Hünerbein, Tümen Mansuroglu, Thomas Armbrust, Jens-Gerd Scharf, Harald Schwörer, László Füzesi and Giuliano Ramadori
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:218
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Secreted Wnt signaling antagonists have recently been described as frequent targets of epigenetic inactivation in human tumor entities. Since gene silencing of certain Wnt antagonists was found to be correlate...

    Authors: Jürgen Veeck, Peter J Wild, Thomas Fuchs, Peter J Schüffler, Arndt Hartmann, Ruth Knüchel and Edgar Dahl
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:217
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Although it is believed that fish ω-3 fatty acids may decrease breast cancer risk, epidemiological evidence has been inconclusive. This study examined the association between fish and fish ω-3 fatty acids inta...

    Authors: Jeongseon Kim, Sun-Young Lim, Aesun Shin, Mi-Kyung Sung, Jungsil Ro, Han-Sung Kang, Keun Seok Lee, Seok-Won Kim and Eun-Sook Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:216
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. While global breast cancer gene expression data sets have considerable commonality in terms of their data content, the populations that they represent and the data collection methods utilized can be quite disp...

    Authors: Jonathan D Mosley and Ruth A Keri
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The CXC chemokine, CXCL12, and its receptor, CXCR4 promote metastases of a variety of solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of CXCR4 on tumor cells may represent a critical...

    Authors: Karen L Reckamp, Robert A Figlin, Marie D Burdick, Steven M Dubinett, Robert M Elashoff and Robert M Strieter
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix is an infrequent but aggressive subtype of cervical cancer. A better understanding of its biological behaviour is warranted to define more accurate prognosis and t...

    Authors: Adhemar Longatto-Filho, Céline Pinheiro, Olga Martinho, Marise AR Moreira, Luiz FJ Ribeiro, Geraldo S Queiroz, Fernando C Schmitt, Fátima Baltazar and Rui M Reis
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Assessment of the clinical significance of unclassified variants (UVs) identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is very important for genetic counselling. The analysis of co-segregation of the variant with the disease in fa...

    Authors: Leila Mohammadi, Maaike P Vreeswijk, Rogier Oldenburg, Ans van den Ouweland, Jan C Oosterwijk, Annemarie H van der Hout, Nicoline Hoogerbrugge, Marjolijn Ligtenberg, Margreet G Ausems, Rob B van der Luijt, Charlotte J Dommering, Johan J Gille, Senno Verhoef, Frans B Hogervorst, Theo A van Os, Encarna Gómez García…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:211
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is accompanied by a number of adverse side effects including reduced bone mass and increased risk for fracture, reduced lean mass and muscle strength, mood disturbance and in...

    Authors: Robert U Newton, Dennis R Taaffe, Nigel Spry, Robert A Gardiner, Gregory Levin, Bradley Wall, David Joseph, Suzanne K Chambers and Daniel A Galvão
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:210
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  50. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) is a rare cancer and few studies describe its epidemiology. Our objectives were to compare the incidence and survival of EPSCC in South East England with small cell ...

    Authors: Yien Ning S Wong, Ruth H Jack, Vivian Mak, Møller Henrik and Elizabeth A Davies
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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