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  1. Phytoestogens are a group of lipophillic plant compounds that can have estrogenic effects in animals; both tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic effects have been reported. Prolactin-secreting adenomas are the most...

    Authors: Yow-Jiun Jeng and Cheryl S Watson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:334
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy; risk factors include exposure to oestrogens and high body mass index. Expression of enzymes involved in biosynthesis of oestrogens and prostagla...

    Authors: Frances Collins, Sheila MacPherson, Pamela Brown, Vincent Bombail, Alistair RW Williams, Richard A Anderson, Henry N Jabbour and Philippa TK Saunders
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:330
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) region of India. A substantial proportion of esophageal carcinoma is associated with infection o...

    Authors: Showket Hussain, Alok C Bharti, Irfana Salam, Mohammad Akbar Bhat, Mohammad Muzaffar Mir, Suresh Hedau, Mushtaq A Siddiqi, Seemi Farhat Basir and Bhudev C Das
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:329
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Spontaneous Regression/Complete Resistant (SR/CR) mice are resistant to cancer through a mechanism that is mediated entirely by leukocytes of innate immunity. Transfer of leukocytes from SR/CR mice can confer ...

    Authors: John R Stehle Jr, Michael J Blanks, Gregory Riedlinger, Jung W Kim-Shapiro, Anne M Sanders, Jonathan M Adams, Mark C Willingham and Zheng Cui
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:328
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Elevated serum concentrations of M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) correlate with poor prognosis in patients with pancreaticobiliary and duodenal cancer, but the expression of M2-PK in formalin-fixed pancreatic tissu...

    Authors: Mark M Aloysius, Abed M Zaitoun, Timothy E Bates, Abdulkader Albasri, Mohammad Ilyas, Brian J Rowlands and Dileep N Lobo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:327
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. At present, it is complicated to use screening trials to determine the optimal age intervals and periodicities of breast cancer early detection. Mathematical models are an alternative that has been widely used...

    Authors: Montserrat Rue, Ester Vilaprinyo, Sandra Lee, Montserrat Martinez-Alonso, Misericordia Carles, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Roger Pla and Josep-Alfons Espinas
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:326
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Cancer progression is linked to a partially dedifferentiated epithelial cell phenotype. The signaling pathways Wnt, Hedgehog, TGF-β and Notch have been implicated in experimental and developmental epithelial m...

    Authors: Chandra P Prasad, Gayatri Rath, Sandeep Mathur, Dinesh Bhatnagar, Rajinder Parshad and Ranju Ralhan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:325
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. CD133 was detected in several types of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which raised the possibility of stem cell origin in a subset of cancers. However, reappearance of embryonic markers in d...

    Authors: Chau-Ting Yeh, Chia-Jung Kuo, Ming-Wei Lai, Tse-Ching Chen, Chun-Yen Lin, Ta-Sen Yeh and Wei-Chen Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:324
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Most deaths from ovarian cancer are due to metastases that are resistant to conventional therapies. But the factors that regulate the metastatic process and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer are poorly underst...

    Authors: Fang-qiu Li, Yan-ling Han, Qun Liu, Bo Wu, Wen-bin Huang and Su-yun Zeng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:323
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. We have previously demonstrated that high tumor tissue levels of TIMP-1 are associated with no or limited clinical benefit from chemotherapy with CMF and anthracyclines in metastatic breast cancer patients. He...

    Authors: Anne-Sofie Schrohl, Maxime P Look, Marion E Meijer-van Gelder, John A Foekens and Nils Brünner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:322
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. ASCL1 role in pancreatic endocrine tumourigenesis has not been established. Recently it was suggested that ASCL1 negatively controls expression of the Wnt signalling antagonist DKK1. Notch signalling regulates e...

    Authors: Térèse A Johansson, Gunnar Westin and Britt Skogseid
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:321
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Activins are growth factors acting on cell growth and differentiation. Activins are expressed in high grade breast tumors and they display an antiproliferative effect inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in breast...

    Authors: Enrrico Bloise, Henrique L Couto, Lauretta Massai, Pasquapina Ciarmela, Marzia Mencarelli, Lavinia E Borges, Michela Muscettola, Giovanni Grasso, Vania F Amaral, Geovanni D Cassali, Felice Petraglia and Fernando M Reis
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:320
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Cancer-related pain is common and under-treated. This article describes a study designed to test the effectiveness of a theory-driven, patient-centered coaching intervention to improve cancer pain processes an...

    Authors: Richard L Kravitz, Daniel J Tancredi, Richard L Street Jr, Donna Kalauokalani, Tim Grennan, Ted Wun, Christina Slee, Dionne Evans Dean, Linda Lewis, Naomi Saito and Peter Franks
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:319
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  14. Gene identification by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay inhibition (GINI) has proven its usefulness in identifying mutant genes in cancer cell lines. An increase in transcription in response to NMD inhibition of a...

    Authors: Dimiter Kunnev, Igor Ivanov and Yurij Ionov
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:318
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The prostate stroma is a key mediator of epithelial differentiation and development, and potentially plays a role in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. The tumor-associated stroma is marked by ...

    Authors: Laura E Pascal, Young Ah Goo, Ricardo ZN Vêncio, Laura S Page, Amber A Chambers, Emily S Liebeskind, Thomas K Takayama, Lawrence D True and Alvin Y Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:317
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Gastric cancer is decreasing in most countries. While socioeconomic development is the main factor to which this decline has been attributed, enormous differences among countries and within regions are still o...

    Authors: Nuria Aragonés, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Marina Pollán, Rebeca Ramis, Enrique Vidal, Virginia Lope, Javier García-Pérez, Elena Boldo and Gonzalo López-Abente
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:316
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Human Cripto-1, a member of the EGF-CFC family, is indispensable for early embryonic development. Cripto-1 plays an important oncogenic role during tumorigenesis and is overexpressed in a wide range of epithel...

    Authors: Zhengrong Wu, Gang Li, Lirong Wu, Desheng Weng, Xiangping Li and Kaitai Yao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:315
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is an important signaling pathway in the growth and survival of many cell and tissue types. This pathway has also been implicated in many aspects of cancer progression...

    Authors: William N Pappano, Paul M Jung, Jonathan A Meulbroek, Yi-Chun Wang, Robert D Hubbard, Qian Zhang, Meagan M Grudzien, Niru B Soni, Eric F Johnson, George S Sheppard, Cherrie Donawho, Fritz G Buchanan, Steven K Davidsen, Randy L Bell and Jieyi Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:314
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the survival, efficacy and safety of a modified RADPLAT-like protocol using carboplatin instead of cisplatin.

    Authors: Giulia Bertino, Antonio Occhini, Carlo Emilio Falco, Camillo Porta, Franco Corbella, Sara Colombo, Vittoria Balcet, Patrizia Morbini, Federico Zappoli, Andrea Azzaretti, Giuseppe Rodolico, Carmine Tinelli and Marco Benazzo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:313
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. TCF7L2 is a transcription factor involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling which has a variant known to be associated with risk of Type 2 diabetes and, in some studies, with risk of certain cancers, including famili...

    Authors: Ellen L Goode, Csilla Szabo, Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson, Robert A Vierkant, Zachary S Fredericksen, Francis S Collins, Kristin L White, Michele Schmidt, Brooke L Fridley and Fergus J Couch
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:312
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Several studies have shown that darbepoetin alfa, an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), can reduce transfusions and increase hemoglobin (Hb) levels in patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA). Rece...

    Authors: Johan Vansteenkiste, Michael Hedenus, Pere Gascon, Carsten Bokemeyer, Heinz Ludwig, Jan Vermorken, Lisa Hamilton, Ken Bridges and Beatriz Pujol
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:311
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Cancer of the esophagus is a deadly malignancy, and development of biomarkers that predict survival is an urgent need. The apoptotic pathways have been hypothesized as important in progression of esophageal sq...

    Authors: Mikiko Takikita, Nan Hu, Jian-zhong Shou, Quan-Hong Wang, Carol Giffen, Philip R Taylor and Stephen M Hewitt
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:310
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. During the last decade, investigations have focused on revealing genes or proteins that are involved in HCC carcinogenesis using either genetic or proteomic techniques. However, these studies are overshadowed ...

    Authors: Stella Sun, Xin Yi, Ronnie TP Poon, Chun Yeung, Philip JR Day and John M Luk
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:309
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Although Temozolomide is effective against glioblastoma, the prognosis remains dismal and new regimens with synergistic activity are sought for.

    Authors: Christoph P Beier, Christina Schmid, Thierry Gorlia, Christine Kleinletzenberger, Dagmar Beier, Oliver Grauer, Andreas Steinbrecher, Birgit Hirschmann, Alexander Brawanski, Christopher Dietmaier, Tanja Jauch-Worley, Oliver Kölbl, Torsten Pietsch, Martin Proescholdt, Petra Rümmele, Armin Muigg…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:308
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as a cellular fuel gauge that responds to energy stress by suppressing cell growth and biosynthetic processes, thus ensuring that energy-consuming processes proceed onl...

    Authors: Sirwan M Hadad, Lee Baker, Philip R Quinlan, Katherine E Robertson, Susan E Bray, George Thomson, David Kellock, Lee B Jordan, Colin A Purdie, David G Hardie, Stewart Fleming and Alastair M Thompson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:307
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. To examine the outcomes and risk factors in pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients who were defined as TNM stage I because some patients develop disease recurrence but treatment strategy for...

    Authors: Nobuyuki Wada, Kiminori Sugino, Takashi Mimura, Mitsuji Nagahama, Wataru Kitagawa, Hiroshi Shibuya, Keiko Ohkuwa, Hirotaka Nakayama, Shohei Hirakawa, Yasushi Rino, Munetaka Masuda and Koichi Ito
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:306
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Disease and treatment related events, can adversely affect the quality of life of patients with cancer. The purpose of this study was to translate and validate a gastric cancer specific health related quality ...

    Authors: Sanamber Sadighi, Ali Montazeri, Zahra Sedighi, Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi and Hossein Froutan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:305
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue sarcoma of childhood including two major histological subtypes, alveolar (ARMS) and embryonal (ERMS) RMS. Like other human malignancies RMS possesses high meta...

    Authors: Valentina Masola, Claudio Maran, Evelyne Tassone, Angelica Zin, Angelo Rosolen and Maurizio Onisto
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:304
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. K-RAS wild type colorectal tumors show an improved response rate to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Nevertheless 70% to 40% of these patients still does not seem to benefit from this therapeutic approach. FIS...

    Authors: Mario Scartozzi, Italo Bearzi, Alessandra Mandolesi, Chiara Pierantoni, Fotios Loupakis, Alberto Zaniboni, Francesca Negri, Antonello Quadri, Fausto Zorzi, Eva Galizia, Rossana Berardi, Tommasina Biscotti, Roberto Labianca, Gianluca Masi, Alfredo Falcone and Stefano Cascinu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:303
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Recent studies have demonstrated that a molecular subtype of glioblastoma is characterized by overexpression of extracellular matrix (ECM)/mesenchymal components and shorter survival. Specifically, gene expres...

    Authors: Sonja Mertsch, Leon J Schurgers, Kathrin Weber, Werner Paulus and Volker Senner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:302
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The nitroreductase/5-(azaridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide (NTR/CB1954) enzyme/prodrug system is considered as a promising candidate for anti-cancer strategies by gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) an...

    Authors: Maik Grohmann, Nils Paulmann, Sebastian Fleischhauer, Jakob Vowinckel, Josef Priller and Diego J Walther
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:301
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. NSCLC exhibits considerable heterogeneity in its sensitivity to chemotherapy and similar heterogeneity is noted in vitro in a variety of model systems. This study has tested the hypothesis that the molecular b...

    Authors: Sharon Glaysher, Dennis Yiannakis, Francis G Gabriel, Penny Johnson, Marta E Polak, Louise A Knight, Zoe Goldthorpe, Katharine Peregrin, Mya Gyi, Paul Modi, Joe Rahamim, Mark E Smith, Khalid Amer, Bruce Addis, Matthew Poole, Ajit Narayanan…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:300
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Electroporation is a versatile method for in vitro or in vivo delivery of different molecules into cells. However, no study so far has analysed the effects of electric pulses used in electrochemotherapy (ECT puls...

    Authors: Vid Mlakar, Vesna Todorovic, Maja Cemazar, Damjan Glavac and Gregor Sersa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:299
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The transcription factor GLI1, a member of the GLI subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins is involved in signal transduction within the hedgehog pathway. Aberrant hedgehog signalling has been implicate...

    Authors: Anette ten Haaf, Nuran Bektas, Sonja von Serenyi, Inge Losen, Elfriede Christel Arweiler, Arndt Hartmann, Ruth Knüchel and Edgar Dahl
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:298
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Interpretation of comparative health-related quality of life (HRQOL) studies following different prostate cancer treatments is often difficult due to differing patient ages. Furthermore, age-related changes ca...

    Authors: Michael Pinkawa, Karin Fischedick, Bernd Gagel, Marc D Piroth, Branka Asadpour, Jens Klotz, Holger Borchers, Gerhard Jakse and Michael J Eble
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:296
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The PORPUS-P is a short questionnaire for measuring prostate-specific quality of life (QoL), which was designed in Canada for use in prostate cancer (PC) patients. We aimed to generate a German version and com...

    Authors: Annika Waldmann, Volker Rohde, Karen Bremner, Murray Krahn, Thomas Kuechler and Alexander Katalinic
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:295
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Different publications show an increased incidence of neoplasms in renal transplant patients. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of cancer in the recipients of renal transplants performe...

    Authors: Salvador Pita-Fernandez, Francisco Valdes-Cañedo, Sonia Pertega-Diaz, Maria Teresa Seoane-Pillado and Rocio Seijo-Bestilleiro
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:294
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  39. Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and the most rapidly expanding cancer in terms of worldwide incidence. Chemotherapeutic approaches to treat melanoma have been uniformly disappointing. A Br...

    Authors: Fernando SF Guimarães, Ana PR Abud, Simone M Oliveira, Carolina C Oliveira, Beatriz César, Lucas F Andrade, Lucélia Donatti, Juarez Gabardo, Edvaldo S Trindade and Dorly F Buchi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:293
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are generally considered to represent a host immune response directed against tumour antigens. TIL are also increasingly recognised as possible prognostic parameters. Howe...

    Authors: Dominik Pretscher, Luitpold V Distel, Gerhard G Grabenbauer, Michael Wittlinger, Maike Buettner and Gerald Niedobitek
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:292
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Thrombospondin1 (THBS1), cystene-rich protein 61 (Cyr61) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are all involved in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signal pathway, which plays an important role...

    Authors: Zhu-Qing Zhou, Wei-Hua Cao, Jian-Jun Xie, Jing Lin, Zhong-Ying Shen, Qing-Ying Zhang, Jin-Hui Shen, Li-Yan Xu and En-Min Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:291
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Transcription factor Snail1 has a central role in induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the expression of Snail1 protein during epithelial ovarian ...

    Authors: Hanna Tuhkanen, Ylermi Soini, Veli-Matti Kosma, Maarit Anttila, Reijo Sironen, Kirsi Hämäläinen, Laura Kukkonen, Ismo Virtanen and Arto Mannermaa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:289
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The aim of this study was to determine influence of prognostic factors in addition to UICC staging systems, on cancer-specific and overall survival rates for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing su...

    Authors: Li-Chu Sun, Koung-Shing Chu, Su-Chen Cheng, Chien-Yu Lu, Chao-Hung Kuo, Jan-Sing Hsieh, Ying-Ling Shih, Shun-Jen Chang and Jaw-Yuan Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:288
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Surface enhanced laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) analysis on serum samples was reported to be able to detect colorectal cancer (CRC) from normal or control patie...

    Authors: Qi Wang, Jing Shen, Zhen-fu Li, Jian-zheng Jie, Wen-yue Wang, Jin Wang, Zhong-tao Zhang, Zhi-xia Li, Li Yan and Jin Gu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:287
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Colorectal cancer survivors may suffer from a range of ongoing psychosocial and physical problems that negatively impact on quality of life. This paper presents the study protocol for a novel telephone-deliver...

    Authors: Anna L Hawkes, Kenneth I Pakenham, Kerry S Courneya, Sara Gollschewski, Peter Baade, Louisa G Gordon, Brigid M Lynch, Joanne F Aitken and Suzanne K Chambers
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:286
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  47. Endocrine therapy is commonly recommended in the adjuvant setting for patients as treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). However, it is unknown whether a neoadjuvant (preoperative) anti-estrogen approach ...

    Authors: Yunn-Yi Chen, Sandy DeVries, Joseph Anderson, Juan Lessing, Rebecca Swain, Koei Chin, Veronica Shim, Laura J Esserman, Frederic M Waldman and E Shelley Hwang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:285
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Breast cancer is a significant public health problem worldwide and the development of tools to identify individuals at-risk for hereditary breast cancer syndromes, where specific interventions can be proposed ...

    Authors: Patricia Ashton-Prolla, Juliana Giacomazzi, Aishameriane V Schmidt, Fernanda L Roth, Edenir I Palmero, Luciane Kalakun, Ernestina S Aguiar, Susana M Moreira, Erica Batassini, Vanessa Belo-Reyes, Lavinia Schuler-Faccini, Roberto Giugliani, Maira Caleffi and Suzi Alves Camey
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:283
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Despite identification of the major genes and pathways involved in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), it has become obvious that several steps in these pathways might be bypassed by other as yet unkno...

    Authors: Vid Mlakar, Gašper Berginc, Metka Volavšek, Zdravko Štor, Miran Rems and Damjan Glavač
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2009 9:282
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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