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  1. The reciprocal (9;22) translocation fuses the bcr (breakpoint cluster region) gene on chromosome 22 to the abl (Abelson-leukemia-virus) gene on chromosome 9. Depending on the breakpoint on chromosome 22 (the Phil...

    Authors: Xiaomin Zheng, Saskia Güller, Tim Beissert, Elena Puccetti and Martin Ruthardt
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:262
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. From 1968 to 2002, Singapore experienced an almost three-fold increase in breast cancer incidence. This increase appeared to be different across the three main ethnic groups: Chinese, Malays and Indians. This ...

    Authors: Xueling Sim, R Ayesha Ali, Sara Wedren, Denise Li-Meng Goh, Chuen-Seng Tan, Marie Reilly, Per Hall and Kee-Seng Chia
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:261
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human malignancies and appears to arise mainly from transformation of pre-existing differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, the carcinogenic m...

    Authors: Junko Akaishi, Masamitsu Onda, Junichi Okamoto, Shizuyo Miyamoto, Mitsuji Nagahama, Kouichi Ito, Akira Yoshida and Kazuo Shimizu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Circulating plasma Epstein Barr Virus DNA (EBV-DNA) is a sensitive and specific marker of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The mainstay of treatment of metastatic NPC is systemic chemotherapy and resection for ...

    Authors: Stephen L Chan, Edwin P Hui, Sing F Leung, Anthony TC Chan and Brigette BY Ma
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:259
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  5. Bowel cancer is common and is a major cause of death. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials estimates that screening for colorectal cancer using faecal occult blood (FOB) test reduces mortality from co...

    Authors: Sue Wilson, Michael JO Wakelam, Richard FD Hobbs, Angela V Ryan, Janet A Dunn, Val D Redman, Fiona Patrick, Lynne Colbourne, Ashley Martin and Tariq Ismail
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:258
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  6. Two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, C677T and A1298C, lead to decreased enzyme activity and affect chemosensitivity of tumor cells. ...

    Authors: Damali N Martin, Brenda J Boersma, Tiffany M Howe, Julie E Goodman, Leah E Mechanic, Stephen J Chanock and Stefan Ambs
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:257
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. In a recent pilot report, we showed that Smac/DIABLO mRNA is expressed de novo in a subset of cervical cancer patients. We have now expanded this study and analyzed Smac/DIABLO expression in the primary lesions i...

    Authors: Abril Arellano-Llamas, Francisco J Garcia, Delia Perez, David Cantu, Magali Espinosa, Jaime G De la Garza, Vilma Maldonado and Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Maspin, a member of the serpin family, is a suppressor of tumor growth, an inhibitor of angiogenesis and an inducer of apoptosis. Maspin induces apoptosis by increasing Bax, a member of the Bcl-2 family of apo...

    Authors: Antonello A Romani, Paolo Soliani, Silvia Desenzani, Angelo F Borghetti and Pellegrino Crafa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:255
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Epigenetic alterations and loss of heterozygosity are mechanisms of tumor suppressor gene inactivation. A new carcinogenic pathway, targeting the RAS effectors has recently been documented. RASSF1A, on 3p21.3,...

    Authors: Paula Lázcoz, Jorge Muñoz, Manuel Nistal, Ángel Pestaña, Ignacio Encío and Javier S Castresana
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. HNSCC progression to adjacent tissue and nodes may be mediated by altered glycoproteins and glycolipids such as MUC1 mucin. This report constitutes a detailed statistical study about MUC1 expression and anti-M...

    Authors: Martín E Rabassa, María V Croce, Adrián Pereyra and Amada Segal-Eiras
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. SnoN is an important regulator of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling pathway and has been shown to exhibit both tumour promotion and suppression activity.

    Authors: June A Chia, Lisa A Simms, Sarah-Jane Cozzi, Joanne Young, Jeremy R Jass, Michael D Walsh, Kevin J Spring, Barbara A Leggett and Vicki LJ Whitehall
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:252
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Bowel cancer is common and is a major cause of death. Most people with bowel symptoms who meet the criteria for urgent referral to secondary care will not be found to have bowel cancer, and some people who are...

    Authors: Angela V Ryan, Sue Wilson, Michael JO Wakelam, Sally A Warmington, Janet A Dunn, Richard FD Hobbs, Ashley Martin and Tariq Ismail
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:251
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  13. The efficacy of screening for colorectal cancer using a simple blood-based assay for the detection of tumor cells disseminated in the circulation at an early stage of the disease is gaining positive feedback f...

    Authors: Rossella Solmi, Giampaolo Ugolini, Giancarlo Rosati, Simone Zanotti, Mattia Lauriola, Isacco Montroni, Marco del Governatore, Antonello Caira, Mario Taffurelli, Donatella Santini, Domenico Coppola, Lia Guidotti, Paolo Carinci and Pierluigi Strippoli
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. It remains unknown whether primary ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is a homogeneous entity, as there are few reports of the results ...

    Authors: Kazuki Tanimoto, Naohiro Sekiguchi, Yukiko Yokota, Akihiro Kaneko, Takashi Watanabe, Akiko Miyagi Maeshima, Yoshihiro Matsuno, Mine Harada, Kensei Tobinai and Yukio Kobayashi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Celecoxib inhibits PGE2 production in cancerous tissue. We previously reported that PGE2 levels in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and plasma were not decreased in women at increased breast cancer risk who receive...

    Authors: Edward R Sauter, Wenyi Qin, Lisa Schlatter, John E Hewett and John T Flynn
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:248
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The presence of an oligodendroglial component within a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered a prognostically favorable factor, but the clinical outcome of patients with glioblastoma multiforme with olig...

    Authors: Dirk Vordermark, Klemens Ruprecht, Peter Rieckmann, Wolfgang Roggendorf, Giles H Vince, Monika Warmuth-Metz, Oliver Kölbl and Michael Flentje
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:247
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Human breast tissue undergoes phases of proliferation, differentiation and regression regulated by changes of the levels of circulating sex hormones during the menstrual cycle or aging. Ovarian hormones also l...

    Authors: Natalija Eigėlienė, Pirkko Härkönen and Risto Erkkola
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Oncogene amplification and overexpression occur in tumor cells. Amplification status may provide diagnostic and prognostic information and may lead to new treatment strategies. Chromosomal regions 8p12, 8q24, ...

    Authors: Anne Letessier, Fabrice Sircoulomb, Christophe Ginestier, Nathalie Cervera, Florence Monville, Véronique Gelsi-Boyer, Benjamin Esterni, Jeannine Geneix, Pascal Finetti, Christophe Zemmour, Patrice Viens, Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret, Jocelyne Jacquemier, Daniel Birnbaum and Max Chaffanet
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The observation that germline mutations in the oxidative DNA damage repair gene MUTYH cause colorectal cancer (CRC) provides strong evidence that dysregulation of the base excision repair (BER) pathway influences...

    Authors: Peter Broderick, Tina Bagratuni, Jairam Vijayakrishnan, Steven Lubbe, Ian Chandler and Richard S Houlston
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The proto-oncogene pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) has been shown to be abundantly overexpressed in a large variety of neoplasms likely promoting neo-vascularization and tumor invasiveness. In this st...

    Authors: Christine Solbach, Marc Roller, Frank Eckerdt, Silke Peters and Rainald Knecht
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Fascin is an actin bundling protein with roles in the formation of cell protrusions and motility of mesenchymal and neuronal cells. Fascin is normally low or absent from epithelia, but is upregulated in severa...

    Authors: Yosuke Hashimoto, Marek Skacel, Ian C Lavery, Abir L Mukherjee, Graham Casey and Josephine C Adams
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2011 11:488

  23. Persistent fatigue is recognised as one of the most common, ongoing symptoms reported by patients following cancer treatment and may have profound effects on the quality of life. However, recent cross-sectiona...

    Authors: David Goldstein, Barbara Bennett, Michael Friedlander, Tracey Davenport, Ian Hickie and Andrew Lloyd
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The CCND1 gene generates two mRNAs (cyclin D1a and D1b) through an alternative splicing at the site of a common A/G polymorphism. Cyclin D1a and b proteins differ in their C-terminus, a region involved in protein...

    Authors: Sophie Krieger, Juliette Gauduchon, Mikel Roussel, Xavier Troussard and Brigitte Sola
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Osteosarcoma is a very aggressive tumor with a propensity to metastasize and invade surrounding tissue. Identification of the molecular determinants of invasion and metastatic potential may guide the developme...

    Authors: Cristiane A Dalla-Torre, Maisa Yoshimoto, Chung-Hae Lee, Anthony M Joshua, Silvia RC de Toledo, Antônio S Petrilli, Joyce AD Andrade, Susan Chilton-MacNeill, Maria Zielenska and Jeremy A Squire
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The Wnt signaling pathway is activated by mutations in the APC and β-catenin genes in many types of human cancer. β-catenin is stabilized by these mutations and activates transcription in part by acting as a b...

    Authors: Christophe Fuerer, Krisztian Homicsko, Alexander N Lukashev, Anne-Laure Pittet and Richard D Iggo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA has been implicated as a causative factor in a wide variety of degenerative diseases, aging and cancer. The modified guanine, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (also known as 8-hyd...

    Authors: Aditi Chatterjee, Elizabeth Mambo, Yonggang Zhang, Theodore DeWeese and David Sidransky
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Accumulating data suggest that liver is a major target organ of systemic effects observed in the presence of a cancer. In this study, we investigated the consequences of the presence of chemically induced brai...

    Authors: Daniel Pouliquen, Christophe Olivier, Emilie Debien, Khaled Meflah, François M Vallette and Jean Menanteau
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:234
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Previous studies indicate that alterations in Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I expression are frequent in colorectal tumors. This would suggest serious limitations for immunotherapy-based strategies invol...

    Authors: Jan Willem F Dierssen, Noel FCC de Miranda, Arend Mulder, Marjo van Puijenbroek, Willem Verduyn, Frans HJ Claas, Cornelis JH van de Velde, Gert Jan Fleuren, Cees J Cornelisse, Willem E Corver and Hans Morreau
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a major cause of cancer-related mortality. HCC is highly resistant to currently available chemotherapeutic drugs. Defects in apopto...

    Authors: Henning Schulze-Bergkamen, Binje Fleischer, Marcus Schuchmann, Achim Weber, Arndt Weinmann, Peter H Krammer and Peter R Galle
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) is a member of the PIK-related family which plays, along with ATM, a central role in cell-cycle regulation. ATR has been shown to phosphorylate several tumo...

    Authors: Francine Durocher, Yvan Labrie, Penny Soucy, Olga Sinilnikova, Damian Labuda, Paul Bessette, Jocelyne Chiquette, Rachel Laframboise, Jean Lépine, Bernard Lespérance, Geneviève Ouellette, Roxane Pichette, Marie Plante, Sean V Tavtigian and Jacques Simard
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Recent findings from microarray studies have raised the prospect of a standardized diagnostic gene expression platform to enhance accurate diagnosis and risk stratification in paediatric acute lymphoblastic le...

    Authors: Katrin Hoffmann, Martin J Firth, Alex H Beesley, Nicholas H de Klerk and Ursula R Kees
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Surgery can cure a significant percentage of ovarian carcinoma confined to the pelvis. Nevertheless, there is still a 10–50% recurrence rate. We administered paclitaxel/carboplatin as adjuvant treatment in ear...

    Authors: Aristotle Bamias, Christos Papadimitriou, Eleni Efstathiou, Alexandros Rodolakis, Georgios Vlahos, Zannis Voulgaris, Georgios Bozas, Georgios Fountzilas, Gerassimos Aravantinos, Evagelia Razis, Dimitra Gika and Meletios A Dimopoulos
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common epithelial neoplasm among the Chinese populations in Southern China and South East Asia. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be an important etiologic agent of NPC a...

    Authors: Eng-lai Tan, G Selvaratnam, R Kananathan and Choon-kook Sam
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. ATP is an important signalling molecule in the peripheral and central nervous system. Both glioma growth and tumor resection induces cell death, thus liberating nucleotides to the extracellular medium. Nucleot...

    Authors: Fernanda B Morrone, Diogo L Oliveira, Patrícia Gamermann, Joseli Stella, Suzana Wofchuk, Márcia R Wink, Luise Meurer, Maria Isabel A Edelweiss, Guido Lenz and Ana Maria O Battastini
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. HER2/neu overexpression is linked to promotion of angiogenesis in breast cancer. We therefore tested the activity of the combination of Trastuzumab with metronomic, low dose chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (CT...

    Authors: Laura Orlando, Anna Cardillo, Raffaella Ghisini, Andrea Rocca, Alessandra Balduzzi, Rosalba Torrisi, Giulia Peruzzotti, Aron Goldhirsch, Elisabetta Pietri and Marco Colleoni
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:225
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Cisplatin is widely used for chemotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, details of the molecular mechanism responsible for cisplatin resistance are still unclear. The aim of this study was...

    Authors: Ping Zhang, Zhiyuan Zhang, Xiaojian Zhou, Weiliu Qiu, Fangan Chen and Wantao Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:224
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. Improvements in clinical outcome require a better understanding of the genetic alterations to identify clinically significant biological f...

    Authors: Massimiliano De Bortoli, Robert C Castellino, Xin-Yan Lu, Jeffrey Deyo, Lisa Marie Sturla, Adekunle M Adesina, Laszlo Perlaky, Scott L Pomeroy, Ching C Lau, Tsz-Kwong Man, Pulivarthi H Rao and John YH Kim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:223
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Wnt/β-catenin pathway has critical roles in development and oncogenesis. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the downstream signaling cascade of this pathway, little is known regarding...

    Authors: Moli Huang, Yihua Wang, Daochun Sun, Hongxia Zhu, Yanbing Yin, Wei Zhang, Shangbin Yang, Lanping Quan, Jinfeng Bai, Shengqi Wang, Quan Chen, Songgang Li and Ningzhi Xu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:221
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Primary chemotherapy (PC) is used for down-staging locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). CA 15-3 measures the protein product of the MUC1 gene and is the most widely used serum marker in breast cancer.

    Authors: Dhafir Al-azawi, Gabrielle Kelly, Eddie Myers, Enda W McDermott, Arnold DK Hill, Michael J Duffy and Niall O Higgins
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:220
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. There is a large body of evidence which suggests that bile acids increase the risk of colon cancer and act as tumor promoters, however, the mechanism(s) of bile acids mediated tumorigenesis is not clear. Previ...

    Authors: Ashley A Powell, Sandeep Akare, Wenqing Qi, Pascal Herzer, Samira Jean-Louis, Rebecca A Feldman and Jesse D Martinez
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:219
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. High risk HPVs are causative agents of anogenital cancers. Viral E6 and E7 genes are continuously expressed and are largely responsible for the oncogenic activity of these viruses. Transcription of the E6 and ...

    Authors: Rita Villanueva, Néstor Morales-Peza, Irma Castelán-Sánchez, Enrique García-Villa, Rocio Tapia, Ángel Cid-Arregui, Alejandro García-Carrancá, Esther López-Bayghen and Patricio Gariglio
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:218
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. One of the most thoroughly studied systems in relation to its prognostic relevance in patients with breast cancer, is the plasminogen activation system that comprises of, among others, the urokinase Plasminoge...

    Authors: Philippe Leissner, Thibault Verjat, Thomas Bachelot, Malick Paye, Alexander Krause, Alain Puisieux and Bruno Mougin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:216
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Self-tests are those where an individual can obtain a result without recourse to a health professional, by getting a result immediately or by sending a sample to a laboratory that returns the result directly. ...

    Authors: Sue Wilson, Sheila Greenfield, Helen M Pattison, Angela Ryan, Richard J McManus, David Fitzmaurice, John Marriott, Cyril Chapman and Sue Clifford
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:215
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  49. Neuroblastoma (NB) is the second most common solid childhood tumour, an aggressive disease for which new therapeutic strategies are strongly needed. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TR...

    Authors: Annick Mühlethaler-Mottet, Marjorie Flahaut, Katia Balmas Bourloud, Katya Auderset, Roland Meier, Jean-Marc Joseph and Nicole Gross
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL are anti-apoptotic paralogues that inhibit apoptosis elicited by a wide variety of stimuli, and play critical roles in cancer development and resistance to treatment. Many clinical studies hav...

    Authors: Aline A Fiebig, Weijia Zhu, Catherine Hollerbach, Brian Leber and David W Andrews
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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