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  1. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the premalignant condition of cervical cancer. Whereas not all high grade CIN lesions progress to cervical cancer, the natural history and risk of progression of ind...

    Authors: M. M. Koeneman, A. J. Kruse, L. F. S. Kooreman, A. zur Hausen, A. H. N. Hopman, S. J. S. Sep, T. Van Gorp, B. F. M. Slangen, H. J. van Beekhuizen, M. van de Sande, C. G. Gerestein, H. W. Nijman and R. F. P. M. Kruitwagen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:132
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  2. The ras genes play an important role in the development and progression of human tumours. Neutralizing Ras proteins in the cytoplasm could be an effective approach to blocking ras signalling. In this study, we pr...

    Authors: Ju-Lun Yang, Du-Xian Liu, Shi-Jian Zhen, Yun-Gang Zhou, Dai-Jun Zhang, Li-Ying Yang, Hao-Bing Chen and Qiang Feng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:131
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Pancreatic panniculitis is a rare condition, which has only been described in relation with pancreatic diseases up to now. It is characterized by necrotizing subcutaneous inflammation and is thought to be trig...

    Authors: Sebastian Zundler, Ramona Erber, Abbas Agaimy, Arndt Hartmann, Franklin Kiesewetter, Deike Strobel, Markus F. Neurath and Dane Wildner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:130
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  4. Examination of factors associated with late stage diagnosis of breast cancer is useful to identify areas which are amenable to intervention. This study analyses trends in cancer stage at diagnosis and impact o...

    Authors: Sanjeewa Seneviratne, Ross Lawrenson, Vernon Harvey, Reena Ramsaroop, Mark Elwood, Nina Scott, Diana Sarfati and Ian Campbell
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:129
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The bone scan index (BSI) using a computer-aided diagnosis system for bone scans is expected to be an objective and quantitative clinical tool for evaluating bone metastatic prostate cancer. This study aimed t...

    Authors: Yasuhide Miyoshi, Shuko Yoneyama, Takashi Kawahara, Yusuke Hattori, Jun-ichi Teranishi, Keiichi Kondo, Masatoshi Moriyama, Shigeo Takebayashi, Yumiko Yokomizo, Masahiro Yao, Hiroji Uemura and Kazumi Noguchi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:128
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Cytokines are involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play key role in tumor dissemination and are an independent survival predictor in breast cancer patients. The aim of thi...

    Authors: M. Mego, D. Cholujova, G. Minarik, T. Sedlackova, P. Gronesova, M. Karaba, J. Benca, S. Cingelova, Z. Cierna, D. Manasova, D. Pindak, J. Sufliarsky, M. Cristofanilli, J. M. Reuben and J. Mardiak
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:127
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The link between inflammation and cancer has been confirmed by the use of anti-inflammatory therapies in cancer prevention and treatment. 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) was shown to decrease the growth and surv...

    Authors: Mona M. Saber, May A. Galal, Afaf A. Ain-Shoka and Samia A. Shouman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:126
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and new therapeutic options are urgently needed. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85 % of all lung cancers, with the c...

    Authors: Colin Charles Tièche, Ren-Wang Peng, Patrick Dorn, Laurène Froment, Ralph Alexander Schmid and Thomas Michael Marti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Currently there are very few biomarkers to identify head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cancer patients at a greater risk of recurrence and shortened survival. This study aimed to investigate whether...

    Authors: Kellie A. Charles, Benjamin D. W. Harris, Carol R. Haddad, Stephen J. Clarke, Alex Guminski, Mark Stevens, Tristan Dodds, Anthony J. Gill, Michael Back, David Veivers and Thomas Eade
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:124
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTC) is promising for personalized medicine. We aimed to identify a CTC gene expression profile predicting outcome to first-line aromatase inhibitors in m...

    Authors: Esther A. Reijm, Anieta M. Sieuwerts, Marcel Smid, Joan Bolt-de Vries, Bianca Mostert, Wendy Onstenk, Dieter Peeters, Luc Y. Dirix, Caroline M. Seynaeve, Agnes Jager, Felix E. de Jongh, Paul Hamberg, Anne van Galen, Jaco Kraan, Maurice P. H. M. Jansen, Jan W. Gratama…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:123
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is recognized as a component endpoint for cancer therapy approvals. The aim of this review was to evaluate the methodology of HRQoL analysis and reporting in phase III cl...

    Authors: Frédéric Fiteni, Amélie Anota, Virginie Westeel and Franck Bonnetain
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:122
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Vinorelbine constitutes effective chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and acts synergistically with trastuzumab in HER-2/neu positive disease. The present study was set out to evaluate the efficacy an...

    Authors: Christiane Thallinger, Istvan Lang, Cvetka Grasic Kuhar, Rupert Bartsch, Christian F. Singer, Lubos Petruzelka, Bohuslav Melichar, Regina Knittelfelder, Thomas Brodowicz and Christoph Zielinski
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:121
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. KRAS mutations are common in colorectal cancer (CRC). The role of KRAS mutation status as a prognostic factor remains controversial, and most large population-based cohorts usually consist of patients with non-me...

    Authors: Hae Su Kim, Jin Seok Heo, Jeeyun Lee, Ji Yun Lee, Min-Young Lee, Sung Hee Lim, Woo Yong Lee, Seok Hyung Kim, Yoon Ah Park, Yong Beom Cho, Seong Hyeon Yun, Seung Tae Kim, Joon Oh Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Yong Soo Choi, Woo Il Kwon…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:120
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Being the most common cancer among women worldwide, it is vital to be well-aware of breast cancer risk factors, symptoms and curability. However, few studies have reported breast cancer literacy in students us...

    Authors: Parash Mani Bhandari, Kiran Thapa, Sarmila Dhakal, Shristi Bhochhibhoya, Rashmi Deuja, Pawan Acharya and Shiva Raj Mishra
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:119
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is known to express antigens of both the neural crest and epithelium, and to secrete polypeptide hormones and enzymes. Anecdotal reports correlate lung cancer with marked hyperamy...

    Authors: Andrea Casadei Gardini, Marita Mariotti, Alessandro Lucchesi, Sara Pini, Martina Valgiusti, Sara Bravaccini, Angelo Del Monte, Marco Angelo Burgio, Giorgia Marisi, Dino Amadori and Giovanni Luca Frassineti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:118
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  16. Authors: Anastasia S. Proskurina, Tatiana S. Gvozdeva, Ekaterina A. Alyamkina, Evgenia V. Dolgova, Konstantin E. Orishchenko, Valeriy P. Nikolin, Nelly A. Popova, Sergey V. Sidorov, Elena R. Chernykh, Alexandr A. Ostanin, Olga Y. Leplina, Victoria V. Dvornichenko, Dmitriy M. Ponomarenko, Galina S. Soldatova, Nikolay A. Varaksin, Tatiana G. Ryabicheva…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:117
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Cancer 2015 15:122

  17. The accuracy of 18F-fluorodeoxygluocose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in predicting immediate failure after radical chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for HNSCC is poorly characterized at present...

    Authors: Ryul Kim, Chan-Young Ock, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae Min Kim, Jin Ho Kim, Jin Chul Paeng, Seong Keun Kwon, J. Hun Hah, Tack-Kyun Kwon, Dong-Wan Kim, Hong-Gyun Wu, Myung-Whun Sung and Dae Seog Heo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and can be divided in different molecular subgroups. Patients whose tumor is classified as a Group 3 tumor have a dismal prognosis. However ...

    Authors: Sebastian Dietl, Stefanie Schwinn, Susanne Dietl, Simone Riedel, Frank Deinlein, Stefan Rutkowski, Andre O. von Bueren, Jürgen Krauss, Tilmann Schweitzer, Giles H. Vince, Daniel Picard, Matthias Eyrich, Andreas Rosenwald, Vijay Ramaswamy, Michael D. Taylor, Marc Remke…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:115
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  19. Brainstem dose limitations influence radiation dose reaching to tumor in the patients with locally-advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC).

    Authors: Yuxiang He, Ying Wang, Lin Shen, Yajie Zhao, Pengfei Cao, Mingjun Lei, Dengming Chen, Tubao Yang, Liangfang Shen and Shousong Cao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:114
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Aberrant Wnt signaling activation occurs commonly in colorectal carcinogenesis, leading to upregulation of many target genes. APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) is an important component of the β-catenin destruc...

    Authors: Andrea J. Savio, Darshana Daftary, Elizabeth Dicks, Daniel D. Buchanan, Patrick S. Parfrey, Joanne P. Young, Daniel Weisenberger, Roger C. Green, Steven Gallinger, John R. McLaughlin, Julia A. Knight and Bharati Bapat
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:113
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma (OGA) has a poor prognosis, even for patients with operable disease. However, the optimal surveillance strategy following surgery is unknown.

    Authors: Sing Yu Moorcraft, Elisa Fontana, David Cunningham, Clare Peckitt, Tom Waddell, Elizabeth C. Smyth, William Allum, Jeremy Thompson, Sheela Rao, David Watkins, Naureen Starling and Ian Chau
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:112
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a simple marker of the systemic inflammatory response in critical care patients, has been suggested as an independent prognostic factor for several solid malignancies....

    Authors: Takashi Kawahara, Yumiko Yokomizo, Yusuke Ito, Hiroki Ito, Hitoshi Ishiguro, Jun-ichi Teranishi, Kazuhide Makiyama, Yasuhide Miyoshi, Hiroshi Miyamoto, Masahiro Yao and Hiroji Uemura
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:111
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Although the efficacy of bevacizumab has been established in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), population-based studies are needed to gain insight into the actual implementation of bevacizumab...

    Authors: L. G. E. M. Razenberg, Y. R. B. M. van Gestel, I. H. J. T. de Hingh, O. J. L. Loosveld, G. Vreugdenhil, L. V. Beerepoot, G. J. Creemers and V. E. P. P. Lemmens
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:110
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The bone scan index (BSI), which is obtained using a computer-aided bone scan evaluation system, is anticipated to become an objective and quantitative clinical tool for evaluating bone metastases in prostate ...

    Authors: Koichi Uemura, Yasuhide Miyoshi, Takashi Kawahara, Shuko Yoneyama, Yusuke Hattori, Jun-ichi Teranishi, Keiichi Kondo, Masatoshi Moriyama, Shigeo Takebayashi, Yumiko Yokomizo, Masahiro Yao, Hiroji Uemura and Kazumi Noguchi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:109
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Tumor invasiveness is directly related to the ability of tumor cells to migrate and invade surrounding tissues, usually degrading extracellular matrix. Despite significant progress in the knowledge about migra...

    Authors: Cilene Rebouças Lima, Murilo Vieira Geraldo, Cesar Seigi Fuziwara, Edna Teruko Kimura and Marinilce Fagundes Santos
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:108
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The combination of blue dye and radioisotope is most widely used to identify sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with breast cancer. However, some individual studies suggested that dual tracers did not hav...

    Authors: Pei-Sheng He, Feng Li, Guan-Hua Li, Can Guo and Tian-Jin Chen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:107
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Lymph node (LN) involvement represents the strongest prognostic factor in colon cancer patients. The objective of this prospective study was to assess the prognostic impact of isolated tumor cells (ITC, define...

    Authors: B. Weixler, R. Warschkow, U. Güller, A. Zettl, U. von Holzen, B. M. Schmied and M. Zuber
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:106
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. c-Met is the receptor tyrosine kinase for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) encoded by the MET proto-oncogene. Aberrant activation of c-Met resulting from MET amplification and c-Met overexpression is associated wit...

    Authors: Jieyi Wang, Liliane Goetsch, Lora Tucker, Qian Zhang, Alexandra Gonzalez, Kedar S. Vaidya, Anatol Oleksijew, Erwin Boghaert, Minghao Song, Irina Sokolova, Ekaterina Pestova, Mark Anderson, William N. Pappano, Peter Ansell, Anahita Bhathena, Louie Naumovski…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Cancer burden among children and adolescents is largely unknown in Bangladesh. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview on childhood and adolescent cancers and to contribute to the future strategies...

    Authors: Mohammad Sorowar Hossain, Mamtaz Begum, Md Mahmuduzzaman Mian, Shameema Ferdous, Shahinur Kabir, Humayun Kabir Sarker, Sabina Karim, Salma Choudhury, Asaduzzaman Khan, Zohora Jameela Khan and Henrike E. Karim-Kos
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:104
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The deregulation of E-cadherin has been considered as a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. BCL6 corepressor-like 1 (BCORL1) is a transcriptional corepressor and contributes to the repr...

    Authors: Guozhi Yin, Zhikui Liu, Yufeng Wang, Changwei Dou, Chao Li, Wei Yang, Yingmin Yao, Qingguang Liu and Kangsheng Tu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:103
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. An increasing body of evidence shows that miR-34 family has tumor suppressive properties mediating apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and senescence. In ovarian cancer, miR34 family members were found to be under ex...

    Authors: Gabriel Schmid, Sara Notaro, Daniel Reimer, Samira Abdel-Azim, Michaela Duggan-Peer, Jessica Holly, Heidi Fiegl, Julia Rössler, Annemarie Wiedemair, Nicole Concin, Peter Altevogt, Christian Marth and Alain Gustave Zeimet
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:102
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Successful treatment of oesophageal cancer is hampered by recurrent drug resistant disease. We have previously demonstrated the importance of apoptosis and autophagy for the recovery of oesophageal cancer cell...

    Authors: Michelle J. Nyhan, Tracey R. O’Donovan, Antonius W. M. Boersma, Erik A. C. Wiemer and Sharon L. McKenna
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The differential diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular adenoma (FA) before surgery is a clinical challenge. Many efforts have been made but most focusing on tumor cells, while the role...

    Authors: Feng-Jiao Huang, Xiao-Yi Zhou, Lei Ye, Xiao-Chun Fei, Shu Wang, Weiqing Wang and Guang Ning
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:98
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Colorectal cancer screening is key to early detection and thus to early treatment, but uptake is often sub-optimal, particularly amongst lower income groups. It is proposed that the imminent introduction of the s...

    Authors: Julie A. Chambers, Alana S. Callander, Rebecca Grangeret and Ronan E. O’Carroll
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. PN is a secreted cell adhesion protein critical for carcinogenesis. In breast cancer, it is overexpressed compared to normal breast, and a few reports suggest that it has a potential role as a prognostic marker.

    Authors: P. V. Nuzzo, A. Rubagotti, L. Zinoli, S. Salvi, S. Boccardo and F. Boccardo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The polyspecific organ cation transporter 1 (OCT1) is one of the most important active influx pumps for drugs like the kinase inhibitor sorafenib. The aim of this retrospective study was the definition of the ...

    Authors: Daniel Grimm, Jonas Lieb, Veronika Weyer, Johanna Vollmar, Felix Darstein, Anja Lautem, Maria Hoppe-Lotichius, Sandra Koch, Arno Schad, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Marcus A. Wörns, Arndt Weinmann, Peter R. Galle and Tim Zimmermann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and microvascular status both play a critical role in cancer progression. However, the crosstalk between RAGE and microvascular formation in endometrial c...

    Authors: Lu Zheng, Da Li, Yi-Ming Zhou, Hui Yang, Di Cheng and Xiao-Xin Ma
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Early gastric cancer is defined as a lesion confined to the mucosa or submucosa, regardless of the size or lymph node metastasis. Treatment methods include endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal...

    Authors: Zhixue Zheng, Yinan Zhang, Lianhai Zhang, Ziyu Li, Xiaojiang Wu, Yiqiang Liu, Zhaode Bu and Jiafu Ji
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The overall purpose of this study is to provide proof of concept for introducing the anthracycline epirubicin as an effective, biomarker-guided treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients who ar...

    Authors: Line S. Tarpgaard, Camilla Qvortrup, Sune B. Nygård, Signe L. Nielsen, Diana R. Andersen, Niels Frank Jensen, Jan Stenvang, Sönke Detlefsen, Nils Brünner and Per Pfeiffer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:91
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  43. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive, highly lethal tumors and lacks of effective chemo and targeted therapies. Cell lines and animal models, even partially reflecting tumor characteristics, ...

    Authors: Giuliana Cavalloni, Caterina Peraldo-Neia, Francesco Sassi, Giovanna Chiorino, Ivana Sarotto, Massimo Aglietta and Francesco Leone
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. E.coli type II L-asparaginase is widely used for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, serious side effects such as allergic or hypersensitivity reactions are common for L-asparaginase treatment....

    Authors: Vadim S. Pokrovsky, Marat D. Kazanov, Ilya N. Dyakov, Marina V. Pokrovskaya and Svetlana S. Aleksandrova
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are characterized by mutations of KIT (v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) or PDGFRA (platelet-derived growth factor receptor α) that may be effi...

    Authors: Francesca Maria Rizzo, Raffaele Palmirotta, Andrea Marzullo, Nicoletta Resta, Mauro Cives, Marco Tucci and Franco Silvestris
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The rates of oropharyngeal cancers such as tonsil cancers are increasing. The tumour suppressor protein Programmed Cell Death Protein 4 (PDCD4) has been implicated in the development of various human cancers a...

    Authors: Xiaoying Zhang, Harriet Gee, Barbara Rose, C. Soon Lee, Jonathan Clark, Michael Elliott, Jennifer R. Gamble, Murray J. Cairns, Adrian Harris, Samantha Khoury and Nham Tran
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:86
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The HOX genes are a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors that determine cellular identity during development and which are dys-regulated in some cancers. In this study we examined the expression...

    Authors: Richard Morgan, Guy Simpson, Sophie Gray, Cheryl Gillett, Zsuzsanna Tabi, James Spicer, Kevin J. Harrington and Hardev S. Pandha
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. To date, standardized strategies for the treatment of recurrent glioma are lacking. Chemotherapy with the alkylating agent BCNU (1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-urea) is a therapeutic option even though its ...

    Authors: Christine Jungk, Despina Chatziaslanidou, Rezvan Ahmadi, David Capper, Justo Lorenzo Bermejo, Janina Exner, Andreas von Deimling, Christel Herold-Mende and Andreas Unterberg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Inflammation is associated with cancer but there are conflicting reports on associations of biomarkers of inflammation with cancer risk and mortality. We investigated the associations of C-reactive protein (CR...

    Authors: Leavitt Morrison, Jari A. Laukkanen, Kimmo Ronkainen, Sudhir Kurl, Jussi Kauhanen and Adetunji T. Toriola
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:80
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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