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  1. Women harboring BRCA1/2 germline mutations have high lifetime risk of developing breast/ovarian cancer. The recommendation to pursue BRCA1/2 testing is based on patient’s family history of breast/ovarian cancer, ...

    Authors: Muhammad Usman Rashid, Noor Muhammad, Seerat Bajwa, Saima Faisal, Muhammad Tahseen, Justo Lorenzo Bermejo, Asim Amin, Asif Loya and Ute Hamann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:673
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of head-neck cancer with a distinguishable geographic and racial distribution worldwide. Increasing evidence supports that the accumulation of additional genetic and ep...

    Authors: Pei-Yu Huang, Ting-Ting Zeng, Xiaojiao Ban, Meng-Qing Li, Bao-Zhu Zhang, Ying-Hui Zhu, Wen-Feng Hua, Hai-Qiang Mai, Li Zhang, Xin-Yuan Guan and Yan Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:669
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Ampullary adenocarcinoma is a rare gastrointestinal cancer associated with diverse outcomes due to clinical and pathological heterogeneity. Standardized methods to better prognosticate and inform therapeutic s...

    Authors: Michael J. Overman, Harris S. Soifer, Aaron Joel Schueneman, Joe Ensor Jr, Volkan Adsay, Burcu Saka, Nastaran Neishaboori, Robert A. Wolff, Huamin Wang, Catherine A. Schnabel and Gauri Varadhachary
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:668
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) exert multiple cytotoxic actions on cancer cells. Currently, different synthetic HDACi are in clinical use or clinical trials; nevertheless, since both pro-invasive and a...

    Authors: María Díaz-Núñez, Alejandro Díez-Torre, Olivier De Wever, Ricardo Andrade, Jon Arluzea, Margarita Silió and Juan Aréchaga
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:667
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM), a rare complication of advanced cancer, is histologically characterized by tumor embolisms and fibrocellular intimal proliferation of small pulmonary arteries...

    Authors: Yui Takahashi, Hironori Uruga, Takeshi Fujii, Sayaka Mochizuki, Shigeo Hanada, Hisashi Takaya, Atsushi Miyamoto, Nasa Morokawa, Atsuko Kurosaki and Kazuma Kishi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:666
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  6. Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a cytokine that has been reported to exhibit potent tumoricidal effects in animal tumor models. A combined approach using Paclitaxel and platinum-based doublet chemotherapy is the mos...

    Authors: Ting Yue, Xiaodong Zheng, Yaling Dou, Xiaohu Zheng, Rui Sun, Zhigang Tian and Haiming Wei
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:665
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Disparate and contradictory results make studies necessary to investigate in more depth the relationship between diagnostic delay and survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim of this study is to a...

    Authors: Salvador Pita-Fernández, Luis González-Sáez, Beatriz López-Calviño, Teresa Seoane-Pillado, Elena Rodríguez-Camacho, Alejandro Pazos-Sierra, Paloma González-Santamaría and Sonia Pértega-Díaz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:664
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Treatment for localized soft tissue sarcoma includes surgery and radiation, while the role of chemotherapy is controversial. Biomarkers that could predict therapeutic response or prognosticate overall survival...

    Authors: Elizabeth J. Davis, Lili Zhao, David R. Lucas, Scott M. Schuetze, Laurence H. Baker, Mark M. Zalupski, Dafydd Thomas and Rashmi Chugh
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:663
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. The exact cause is not known in most cases, but past epidemiological research has suggested a number of potential risk factors. This study ...

    Authors: Sameera Ezzat, Wafaa M. Rashed, Sherin Salem, M. Tevfik Dorak, Mai El-Daly, Mohamed Abdel-Hamid, Iman Sidhom, Alaa El-Hadad and Christopher Loffredo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:662
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Anemia is a major cause of morbidity in patients with cancer resulting in poor physical performance, prognosis and therapy outcome. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of intravenous (iv) iron admi...

    Authors: Cengiz Gemici, Ozlem Yetmen, Gokhan Yaprak, Sevgi Ozden, Huseyin Tepetam, Hazan Ozyurt and Alpaslan Mayadagli
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:661
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The relationship between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) consumption and breast cancer has been repeatedly studied, although the results remain controversial. Most case-control studies reported th...

    Authors: Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos, Inés Gómez-Acebo, María de Pedro, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Sonia Servitja, Víctor Moreno, Pilar Amiano, Tania Fernandez-Villa, Aurelio Barricarte, Adonina Tardon, Marian Diaz-Santos, Rosana Peiro-Perez, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Virginia Lope, Esther Gracia-Lavedan, M. Henar Alonso…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:660
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. To investigate the prognostic value of oligo-recurrence in patients with brain-only oligometastases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic radiothera...

    Authors: Yuzuru Niibe, Tetsuo Nishimura, Tetsuya Inoue, Katsuyuki Karasawa, Yoshiyuki Shioyama, Keiichi Jingu and Hiroki Shirato
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:659
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The predictive accuracy of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) is mediocre. This study aimed to develop postoperative nomograms to predict cancer-specific survival (...

    Authors: Zhen-yu Zhang, Qi-feng Luo, Xiao-wei Yin, Zhen-ling Dai, Shiva Basnet and Hai-yan Ge
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:658
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly malignant brain tumours with a poor prognosis, and current cytotoxic regimens provide only a limited survival benefit. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has been an attractive target fo...

    Authors: I. A. Netland, H. E. Førde, L. Sleire, L. Leiss, M. A. Rahman, B. S. Skeie, C. H. Gjerde, P. Ø. Enger and D. Goplen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:657
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy is used to treat peritoneal cancer. The pattern of gene expression changes of peritoneal cancer during intraperitoneal chemotherapy has not been studied before. Pressurized intrape...

    Authors: Günther A. Rezniczek, Friederike Jüngst, Hendrik Jütte, Andrea Tannapfel, Ziad Hilal, Lukas A. Hefler, Marc-André Reymond and Clemens B. Tempfer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:654
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Her2/neu is an oncogene that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many cancer types. In bladder carcinoma (BC), the clinical significance of Her2/neu status remains under-investigated and poorly linked ...

    Authors: Taoufik Nedjadi, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Mourad Assidi, Ashraf Dallol, Heba Al-Kattabi, Adeel Chaudhary, Ahmed Al-Sayyad, Adel Al-Ammari, Adel Abuzenadah, Abdelbaset Buhmeida and Mohammed Al-Qahtani
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:653
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are myeloid neoplasms in which outgrowth of neoplastic clones disrupts normal hematopoiesis. Some patients with unexplained persistent cytopenia...

    Authors: David P. Steensma, Medrdad Abedi, Rafael Bejar, Christopher R. Cogle, Kathryn Foucar, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Tracy I. George, David Grinblatt, Rami Komrokji, Xiaomei Ma, Jaroslaw Maciejewski, Daniel A. Pollyea, Michael R. Savona, Bart Scott, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Michael A. Thompson…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:652
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  20. We report on the results of a phase II clinical trial of Panagen (tablet form of fragmented human DNA preparation) in breast cancer patients (placebo group n = 23, Panagen n = 57). Panagen was administered as an ...

    Authors: Anastasia S. Proskurina, Tatiana S. Gvozdeva, Ekaterina A. Potter, Evgenia V. Dolgova, Konstantin E. Orishchenko, Valeriy P. Nikolin, Nelly A. Popova, Sergey V. Sidorov, Elena R. Chernykh, Alexandr A. Ostanin, Olga Y. Leplina, Victoria V. Dvornichenko, Dmitriy M. Ponomarenko, Galina S. Soldatova, Nikolay A. Varaksin, Tatiana G. Ryabicheva…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:651
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Multimodal treatment strategies – perioperative chemotherapy (CTx) and radical surgery – are currently accepted as treatment standard for locally advanced gastric cancer. However, the role of adjuvant postoper...

    Authors: Sven Lichthardt, Alexander Kerscher, Ulrich A. Dietz, Christian Jurowich, Volker Kunzmann, Burkhard H. A. von Rahden, Christoph-Thomas Germer and Armin Wiegering
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:650
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Traditional prognostic indicators of breast cancer, i.e. lymph node diffusion, tumor size, grading and estrogen receptor expression, are inadequate predictors of metastatic relapse. Thus, additional prognostic...

    Authors: Emanuela Guerra, Alessia Cimadamore, Pasquale Simeone, Giovanna Vacca, Rossano Lattanzio, Gerardo Botti, Valentina Gatta, Marco D’Aurora, Barbara Simionati, Mauro Piantelli and Saverio Alberti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:649
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas (SPN) are rare tumors affecting mainly women. They show an activating mutation in CTNNB1, the gene for β-catenin, and consequently an overactivation of the Wnt/β...

    Authors: Cora Hallas, Julia Phillipp, Lukas Domanowsky, Bettina Kah and Katharina Tiemann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:648
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are highly aggressive, fatal, childhood tumors that arise in the brainstem. DIPGs have no effective treatment, and their location and diffuse nature render them inoper...

    Authors: Vladimir Amani, Eric W Prince, Irina Alimova, Ilango Balakrishnan, Diane Birks, Andrew M. Donson, Peter Harris, Jean M. Mulcahy Levy, Michael Handler, Nicholas K. Foreman, Sujatha Venkataraman and Rajeev Vibhakar
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:647
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Cancer is increasingly understood to arise in the context of dynamically evolving genomes with continuously generated variants subject to selective pressures. Diverse mutations have been identified in papillar...

    Authors: Jill C. Rubinstein, Taylor C. Brown, Emily R. Christison-Lagay, Yawei Zhang, John W. Kunstman, C. Christofer Juhlin, Carol Nelson-Williams, Gerald Goh, Courtney E. Quinn, Glenda G. Callender, Robert Udelsman, Richard P. Lifton, Reju Korah and Tobias Carling
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:646
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Streptozocin (STZ) based chemotherapy is recommended for patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET). Temozolomide as mono- or combination therapy has been suggested to be a promising alte...

    Authors: Daniela Mueller, Sebastian Krug, Moushumee Majumder, Anja Rinke and Thomas Matthias Gress
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:645
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is the standard treatment with curative intent for oesophageal cancer patients, with 5-year overall survival rates up to 50 %. However, patients’ quality of l...

    Authors: Ruben T. H. M. Larue, Lien Van De Voorde, Maaike Berbée, Wouter J. C. van Elmpt, Ludwig J. Dubois, Kranthi M. Panth, Sarah G. J. A. Peeters, Ann Claessens, Wendy M. J. Schreurs, Marius Nap, Fabiënne A. R. M. Warmerdam, Frans L. G. Erdkamp, Meindert N. Sosef and Philippe Lambin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:644
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  28. Few studies have taken risk of competing events into account when examining the relationship between cholesterol and prostate cancer incidence, and few studies have a follow-up over several decades. We aimed t...

    Authors: Trond Heir, Ragnhild Sørum Falk, Trude Eid Robsahm, Leiv Sandvik, Jan Erikssen and Steinar Tretli
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:643
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. TMPRSS2:ERG fusions are frequent in prostate cancer, and occur predominantly in young patients. Several studies had proposed intratumoral heterogeneity of these fusions. This study was designed to determine fr...

    Authors: Maria-Christina Tsourlakis, Annegret Stender, Alexander Quaas, Martina Kluth, Corinna Wittmer, Alexander Haese, Markus Graefen, Stefan Steurer, Ronald Simon, Jan Korbel, Joachim Weischenfeldt, Hartwig Huland, Guido Sauter, Thorsten Schlomm and Sarah Minner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:641
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. This paper describes about a study protocol of phase I/II multicenter prospective clinical trial evaluating the feasibility and efficacy of the hybrid of intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy (HBT) for ...

    Authors: Naoya Murakami, Shingo Kato, Takashi Nakano, Takashi Uno, Takeharu Yamanaka, Hideyuki Sakurai, Ryoichi Yoshimura, Junichi Hiratsuka, Yuki Kuroda, Kotaro Yoshio and Jun Itami
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:640
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  32. Cancer of the ovary is mostly discovered at a late stage and cannot be removed by surgery alone. Therefore surgery is usually followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. However, few reliable biomarkers exist to predic...

    Authors: Raoul A. Droeser, Robert Mechera, Silvio Däster, Benjamin Weixler, Marko Kraljević, Tarik Delko, Uwe Güth, Sylvia Stadlmann, Luigi Terracciano and Gad Singer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:639
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The VHL protein (pVHL) is a multiadaptor protein that interacts with more than 30 different binding partners involved in many oncogenic processes. About 70 % of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have VHL mu...

    Authors: Caroline Razafinjatovo, Svenja Bihr, Axel Mischo, Ursula Vogl, Manuela Schmidinger, Holger Moch and Peter Schraml
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:638
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Radiotherapy for localised prostate cancer has many known and distressing side effects. The efficacy of group interventions for reducing psychological morbidity is lacking. This study investigated the relative...

    Authors: Penelope Schofield, Karla Gough, Kerryann Lotfi-Jam, Rebecca Bergin, Anna Ugalde, Paul Dudgeon, Wallace Crellin, Kathryn Schubach, Farshard Foroudi, Keen Hun Tai, Gillian Duchesne, Rob Sanson-Fisher and Sanchia Aranda
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:637
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Galectin-3 is a multifunctional β-galactoside-binding lectin that once synthesized, is expressed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell surface and in the extracellular environment. Because of its unique structure, g...

    Authors: Jonathas Xavier Pereira, Maria Carolina Braga Azeredo, Felipe Sá Martins, Roger Chammas, Felipe Leite Oliveira, Sofia Nascimento Santos, Emerson Soares Bernardes and Márcia Cury El-Cheikh
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:636
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD) is a benign lymphoid proliferation or malignant lymphoma in patients who have been treated with MTX. MTX withdrawal and observation for a short pe...

    Authors: Shiro Watanabe, Osamu Manabe, Kenji Hirata, Noriko Oyama-Manabe, Naoya Hattori, Yasuka Kikuchi, Kentaro Kobayashi, Takuya Toyonaga and Nagara Tamaki
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:635
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Conjunctival malignant melanoma (CMM) is a rare malignancy and in the advanced setting there is no effective treatment. In contrast, half of cutaneous melanomas have BRAF mutations and treatment with BRAF inhi...

    Authors: A. Maleka, G. Åström, P. Byström and G. J. Ullenhag
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:634
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  38. Previous population-based studies have demonstrated an association between metformin use and improved survival among diabetic patients with cancer. We sought to analyze the effects of diabetes and its treatmen...

    Authors: Oscar Arrieta, Edgar Varela-Santoyo, Enrique Soto-Perez-de-Celis, Roberto Sánchez-Reyes, Martha De la Torre-Vallejo, Saé Muñiz-Hernández and Andrés F. Cardona
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:633
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Pancreatic cancer is poorly characterized at genetic and non-genetic levels. The current study evaluates in a large cohort of patients the prognostic relevance of molecular subtypes and key transcription facto...

    Authors: Rekin’s Janky, Maria Mercedes Binda, Joke Allemeersch, Anke Van den broeck, Olivier Govaere, Johannes V. Swinnen, Tania Roskams, Stein Aerts and Baki Topal
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:632
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The preferred chemotherapy method for gastric cancer continues to be matter of debate. We performed a meta-analysis to comparing prognosis and safety between perioperative chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherap...

    Authors: Jun-hua Zhao, Peng Gao, Yong-xi Song, Jing-xu Sun, Xiao-wan Chen, Bin Ma, Yu-chong Yang and Zhen-ning Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:631
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Recent epidemiological studies indicate the rate of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies among younger patients is increasing, mainly due to colorectal cancer. There is a paucity of data regarding the magnitude ...

    Authors: G. Perl, S. Nordheimer, S. Lando, C. Benedict, B. Brenner, S. Perry, G. Shmoisman, O. Purim, L. Amit, S. M. Stemmer and I. Ben-Aharon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:630
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is exceptionally rare and occurs predominantly in the head and neck (92.8 % cases). The patient reported here is only the eighth case of MNTI presenting in an ...

    Authors: David J. Barnes, Edward Hookway, Nick Athanasou, Takeshi Kashima, Udo Oppermann, Simon Hughes, Daniel Swan, Dietrich Lueerssen, John Anson and A. Bassim Hassan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:629
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  43. Overexpression the KCNJ3, a gene that encodes subunit 1 of G-protein activated inwardly rectifying K+ channel (GIRK1) in the primary tumor has been found to be associated with reduced survival times and increased...

    Authors: S. Rezania, S. Kammerer, C. Li, B. Steinecker-Frohnwieser, A. Gorischek, T. T. J. DeVaney, S. Verheyen, C. A. Passegger, N. Ghaffari Tabrizi-Wizsy, H. Hackl, D. Platzer, A. H. Zarnani, E. Malle, S. W. Jahn, T. Bauernhofer and W. Schreibmayer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:628
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is emerging as a surrogate sample type for mutation analyses. To improve the clinical utility of cfDNA, we developed a sensitive peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-based method for an...

    Authors: Ji-Youn Han, Jae-Jin Choi, Jin Young Kim, You Lim Han and Geon Kook Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:627
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2016 16:803

  45. Patients undergone kidney transplantation present higher risk of Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) development and represent a subgroup of special interest. To date, vinflunine is the only drug approved in Europe for ...

    Authors: Paola Bordi, Marcello Tiseo, Giorgio Baldari and Sebastiano Buti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:626
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  46. Variable degrees of differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)under Edmondson-Steiner grading system has been proven to be an independent prognostic indicator for HCC. Up till now, there has been no effe...

    Authors: Zhenpeng Peng, Mengjie Jiang, Huasong Cai, Tao Chan, Zhi Dong, Yanji Luo, Zi-Ping Li and Shi-Ting Feng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:625
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. High expression levels of Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) have been correlated with poor cancer prognosis and block the cell death pathway by interfering with caspase activation. SMAC-mimetics are smal...

    Authors: Philippos Perimenis, Apostolos Galaris, Alexandra Voulgari, Margarita Prassa and Alexander Pintzas
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:624
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Cyclophosphamide (CPA) can activate immunogenic tumor cell death, which induces immune-based tumor ablation and long-term anti-tumor immunity in a syngeneic C57BL/6 (B6) mouse GL261 glioma model when CPA is gi...

    Authors: Junjie Wu, Marie Jordan and David J. Waxman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:623
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The single hotspot mutation AKT1 [G49A:E17K] has been described in several cancers, with the highest incidence observed in breast cancer. However, its precise role in disease etiology remains unknown.

    Authors: Marion Rudolph, Tobias Anzeneder, Anke Schulz, Georg Beckmann, Annette T. Byrne, Michael Jeffers, Carol Pena, Oliver Politz, Karl Köchert, Richardus Vonk and Joachim Reischl
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:622
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. As with many anti-cancer drugs, the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide is considered safe for administration to women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, but assessment of effects on the develop...

    Authors: Agnes Stefansdottir, Zoe C. Johnston, Nicola Powles-Glover, Richard A. Anderson, Ian R. Adams and Norah Spears
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:482
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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