Table 1 Univariate analysis of associations between patients with lung cancer characteristics and anxiety levels (HADS)

Gender

0.037*

 Male

147 [69]

3.00 (3.87)

 Female

66 [31]

4.21 (3.94)

Education

0.010*

 Below senior high school

144 (67.6)

2.90 (3.52)

 Senior high school or higher

69 (32.4)

4.38 (4.51)

Marital status

0.799

 Married

186 (87.3)

3.35 (3.87)

 Not married, widowed, or divorced

27 (12.7)

3.56 (4.33)

Employment

0.168

 Full-time

33 (15.5)

4.24 (4.47)

 No

180 (84.5)

3.22 (3.80)

Smoking

0.169

 Never

90 (42.3)

3.96 (4.05)

 Past smoker

113 (53.1)

2.99 (3.77)

 Current smoker

10 (4.6)

2.50 (4.14)

Drinking

0.665

 Yes

18 (8.5)

4.33 (3.97)

 No

195 (91.5)

3.29 (3.91)

Psychiatric history

0.001*

 Yes

25 (11.7)

5.76 (4.78)

 No

188 (88.3)

3.06 (3.69)

Diabetes

0.007*

 Yes

44 (20.7)

2.32 (2.43)

 No

169 (79.3)

3.65 (4.19)

Hypertension

0.981

 Yes

87 (40.8)

3.37 (4.01)

 No

126 (59.2)

3.38 (3.87)

Cancer stage

0.641

 0-II

80 (37.6)

3.54 (3.67)

 III-IV

133 (62.4)

3.28 (4.07)

Systemic treatments

Surgical

0.900

 Yes

89 (41.8)

3.34 (3.56)

 No

124 (58.2)

3.40 (4.17)

Chemotherapy

0.835

 Yes

130 [61]

3.33 (4.04)

 No

83 [39]

3.45 (3.74)

Radiotherapy

0.362

 Yes

60 (28.2)

2.98 (3.26)

 No

153 (71.8)

3.53 (4.15)

Target therapy

0.993

 Yes

50 (23.5)

3.38 (4.06)

 No

163 (76.5)

3.37 (3.89)

HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale