Fig. 6

The impact of CD13 on apoptosis in human glioblastoma cell lines and potential mechanism. (A) Representative dot plots of Annexin V staining. Following 48 h of bestatin treatment (500 µg/mL), cells were trypsinized, and cells were stained with DAPI and Annexin V (FITC). Early apoptotic cells (Annexin V⁺DAPI^-), late apoptotic cells (Annexin V⁺DAPI⁺), necrotic cells (Annexin V^-DAPI⁺). (B-E) Quantitative analysis of the percentage of early apoptotic, late apoptotic, and necrotic cells (n = 3, independent cell preparations). (F) Quantitative analysis of ROS positive cells (n = 3, independent cell preparations). After 500 µg/mL bestatin treatment for 48 h, cells were trypsinized, and cell suspension was incubated with CellROX^® Detection Reagent. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (unpaired Student’s t-test). CD13^h, high CD13 expression; CD13^m, medium CD13 expression; CD13^l, low CD13 expression