Table 1 Single-factor analysis of failed bowel preparation in patients undergoing colonoscopy
From: Establishment of a risk prediction model for bowel preparation failure prior to colonoscopy
Bowel preparation success group (n = 507) | Bowel preparation failure group (n = 162) | χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, y) | 4.776 | 0.029 | ||
<60 | 368(72.6) | 103(63.6) | ||
≥ 60 | 139(27.4) | 59(36.4) | ||
Sex | 7.353 | 0.007 | ||
Female | 256(50.5) | 62(38.3) | ||
Male | 251(49.5) | 100(61.7) | ||
BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 | 7.260 | 0.007 | ||
No | 296(58.4) | 75(46.3) | ||
Yes | 211(41.6) | 87(53.7) | ||
Examination time | 1.922 | 0.166 | ||
Morning | 495(58.6) | 171(63.3) | ||
Afternoon | 350(41.4) | 99(36.7) | ||
Education level | 4.654 | 0.325 | ||
Elementary school and below | 37(7.3) | 15(9.3) | ||
Junior High School | 136(26.8) | 37(22.8) | ||
High School | 96(18.9) | 36(22.2) | ||
College | 109(21.5) | 26(16.0) | ||
Bachelor’s degree and above | 129(25.4) | 48(29.6) | ||
Dietary preferences | 0.591 | 0.744 | ||
Meat and vegetables | 409(80.7) | 135(83.3) | ||
Vegetarian-based | 81(16.0) | 22(13.6) | ||
Meat-based | 17(3.4) | 5(3.1) | ||
Exercise habits | 0.296 | 0.863 | ||
Never exercise | 51(10.1) | 14(8.6) | ||
Occasional exercise | 246(48.5) | 79(48.8) | ||
Regular exercise | 210(41.4) | 69(42.6) | ||
Smoking | 8.753 | 0.003 | ||
No | 399(78.7) | 109(67.3) | ||
Yes | 108(21.3) | 53(32.7) | ||
Drinking | 5.671 | 0.017 | ||
No | 397(78.3) | 112(69.1) | ||
Yes | 110(21.7) | 50(30.9) | ||
Defecation frequency | 9.242 | 0.010 | ||
<3 | 66(13.0) | 37(22.8) | ||
3 ~ 14 | 331(65.3) | 96(59.3) | ||
>14 | 110(21.7) | 29(17.9) | ||
Indication | 5.327 | 0.377 | ||
Abdominal discomfort | 148(29.2) | 45(27.8) | ||
Change in defecation frequency | 90(17.8) | 28(17.3) | ||
Occult blood in stool or blood in the stool | 52(10.3) | 9(5.6) | ||
Follow-up | 103(20.3) | 33(32.9) | ||
Medical examination | 80(15.8) | 32(27.1) | ||
Other | 34(6.7) | 15(9.3) | ||
Comorbidities | ||||
Chronic constipation | 75(14.8) | 40(24.7) | 8.45 | 0.004 |
High blood pressure | 88(17.4) | 31(19.1) | 0.266 | 0.606 |
Diabetes mellitus | 23(4.5) | 16(9.9) | 6.377 | 0.012 |
Stroke | 13 (2.6) | 8(4.9) | 2.276 | 0.131 |
Cirrhosis of the liver | 11(2.2) | 6(4.1) | 0.629* | 0.428 |
Use of opioids | 0.405 | 0.524 | ||
No | 495(97.6) | 156(96.3) | ||
Yes | 12(2.4) | 6(3.7) | ||
Use of antidepressants | 0.163 | 0.686 | ||
No | 499(98.4) | 158(97.5) | ||
Yes | 8(1.6) | 4(2.5) | ||
History of abdominal surgery | 0.013 | 0.911 | ||
No | 356(70.2) | 113(69.8) | ||
Yes | 113(29.8) | 49(30.2) | ||
History of colorectal surgery | 13.099 | <0.001 | ||
No | 477(94.1) | 138(85.2) | ||
Yes | 30(5.9) | 24(14.8) | ||
Gastrectomy/Duodenectomy | 0.906 | 0.341 | ||
No | 485(95.7) | 152(93.8) | ||
Yes | 22(4.3) | 10(6.2) | ||
Appendectomy | 1.155 | 0.283 | ||
No | 462(91.1) | 143(88.3) | ||
Yes | 45(8.9) | 19(11.7) | ||
Hysterectomy | 0.001 | 0.980 | ||
No | 488(96.3) | 156(96.3) | ||
Yes | 19(3.7) | 6(3.7) | ||
Bowel preparation failure history | 0.376 | 0.540 | ||
No | 493(97.2) | 156(96.3) | ||
Yes | 14(2.8) | 6(3.7) |