Fig. 8

The figure summarizes the potential mechanism of action of mitochondrial antibiotics in high metastatic cells via inhibition of mitochondrial pathways (biogenesis and functions) and proliferative & metastatic signaling, as well as activation of the cell death pathways. Figure is prepared using icons “Mitochondria, Electron Transport Chain”, by BioRender.com (2023). Abbreviations: Mt, Mitochondrial; NRF1. nuclear respiratory factor 1; PGC1-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha; TFAM, transcription factor A, mitochondrial; p-, phosphorylated; AKT, protein kinase B; FAK, focal adhesion kinase, SRC, tyrosine-protein kinase Src; PARP, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases; LC3B, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; ROS: reactive oxygen species, ΔΨM: mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP: adenosine triphosphate; CRC, colorectal cancer