Fig. 5

Selected mRNA expression in calcitriol-treated CAFs derived from tumors of patients with different clinical characteristics. CAFs were treated with calcitriol (cal; 1 nM or 10 nM) for 72 h. A1–G1 data presented for CAFs from all patients. A2–G2 data presented for CAFs derived from tumors of patients with different clinical characteristics. A–C—C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), B metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), podoplanin (PDPN), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), tissue metalloproteinases inhibitor 1 (TIMP1), tenascin C (TNC), vitamin D receptor (VDR). Patients were classified into groups according to plasma 25(OH)D₃ levels (VD3, < 30 ng/mL—deficient (n = 29), > 30 ng/mL—normal (n = 15)), plasma FSH levels (< 25.8 mIU/mL—premenopausal (n = 15), > 25.8 mIU/mL—postmenopausal (n = 29)) and regional or distant metastasis presence (if any—metastatic (n = 15), otherwise nonmetastatic (n = 29)). mRNA expression was calculated according to the ΔΔCt comparative method and normalized to the untreated control. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was carried out using Student’s t-test or the Mann‒Whitney U test for single comparisons and one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test for multiple comparisons. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.001