Rate of benign histology after resection of suspected renal cell carcinoma: multicenter comparison between Korea and the United States

Table 4 Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses for benign histology on final pathology

Variables	Univariate			Multivariable
Variables	Odds ratio	95% CI	p-value	Odds ratio	95% CI	p-value
Country
Korea	Reference			Reference
United States	2.46	2.14–2.82	< 0.001	2.56	2.07–3.15	< 0.001
Age (years) (continuous)	0.99	0.99–1.00	0.020	0.99	0.98–0.99	< 0.001
Sex
Male	Reference			Reference
Female	2.75	2.40–3.14	< 0.001	2.62	2.24–3.05	< 0.001
Body mass index (kg/m²) (continuous)	1.01	1.00–1.02	0.192	0.98	0.96–0.99	0.003
Type of surgery
Radical	Reference			Reference
Partial	2.99	2.56–3.49	< 0.001	2.99	2.67–3.77	< 0.001
Surgical method			< 0.001			< 0.001
Open	Reference			Reference
Laparoscopic	2.10	1.79–2.46	< 0.001	1.93	1.58–2.35	< 0.001
Robotic	2.28	1.91–2.72	< 0.001	1.33	1.08–1.65	0.008
Year of surgery			< 0.001			0.005
− 2000	Reference			Reference
2001–2005	6.47	2.83–14.80	< 0.001	1.28	0.53–3.09	0.590
2006–2010	7.72	3.43–17.41	< 0.001	2.18	0.94–5.04	0.059
2010–2015	7.54	3.35–16.95	< 0.001	2.25	0.98–5.19	0.057
Size of tumor			< 0.001			< 0.001
≤ 2 cm	Reference			Reference
> 2 cm and ≤ 4 cm	0.63	0.54–0.74	< 0.001	0.69	0.58–0.82	< 0.001
> 4 cm and ≤ 7 cm	0.39	0.32–0.48	< 0.001	0.61	0.47–0.79	< 0.001
> 7 cm	0.34	0.26–0.44	< 0.001	0.83	0.58–1.18	0.294

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