Fig. 8

Changes of glutamate level in control, PMA, and PG24 groups of THP-1 cell line with RP-HPLC chromatograms. The trend of glutamate concentration after treatment with galectin-9 in the THP-1 cell line was increasing in comparison to the PMA and control group. The most Glu concentration was at 24 h after Gal-9 treatment (p = 0.0001) (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001). (a.) Displays changes in glutamate concentration (µmol/L) in control, PMA, and PG24 groups in the THP-1 cell line. (b.), (c.), and (d.) Represents glutamate (GLU) in retention time of 8.38 min, 7.85 min, and 8.23 min for control, PMA, and PG24 groups, respectively. RP-HPLC Method, OPA/MPA precolumn derivatization using fluorescence detector excitation 350 nm and emission 450 nm wavelengths. RP-HPLC was done on a C18 column (150 * 4.6 mm, 5 μm), using Mobile-phase A (1 g K2PO4 + 0.5 g KH2PO4 in 500 mL distilled water), and B (100 mL distilled water, 150 mL acetonitrile, and 300 mL isopropanol) with linear gradient from 10–100% B at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min in 35 min