Table 4 Factors associated with currently smoking, physical inactivity and binge drinking among childhood cancer survivors
From: Health-related risk behaviors among U.S. childhood cancer survivors: a nationwide estimate
Characteristics | Currently smoking | Physical inactivity | Binge drinking | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate | Multivariable | Univariate | Multivariable | Univariate | Multivariable | |||||||
Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
Demographic and socioeconomic factors | ||||||||||||
Age at survey (years) | ||||||||||||
  18–39 | Ref |  < 0.001 *** | Ref | 0.008 ** | Ref | 0.508 | Ref | 0.165 | Ref |  < 0.001 *** | Ref | 0.003 ** |
  40–64 | 0.71 (0.43, 1.18) | 0.61 (0.31, 1.19) | 1.36 (0.79, 2.34) | 1.77 (0.96, 3.26) | 0.36 (0.20, 0.65) | 0.42 (0.21, 0.85) | ||||||
  65 and older | 0.19 (0.09, 0.43) | 0.17 (0.06, 0.52) | 1.06 (0.56, 2.00) | 1.16 (0.54, 2.46) | 0.11 (0.04, 0.33) | 0.15 (0.05, 0.52) | ||||||
Sex (Ref. to Male) | ||||||||||||
  Female | 1.90 (1.15, 3.13) | 0.012 * | 1.19 (0.61, 2.29) | 0.612 | 0.90 (0.55, 1.47) | 0.671 | 0.65 (0.37, 1.16) | 0.146 | 0.41 (0.24, 0.70) | 0.001 ** | 0.30 (0.16, 0.57) |  < 0.001 *** |
Region | ||||||||||||
  Northeast | Ref | 0.692 | Ref | 0.937 | Ref | 0.007 ** | Ref | 0.108 | Ref | 0.929 | Ref | 0.947 |
  Midwest | 1.18 (0.59, 2.37) | 0.80 (0.32, 1.99) | 2.15 (0.99, 4.63) | 1.82 (0.78, 4.21) | 1.19 (0.53, 2.66) | 0.95 (0.38, 2.35) | ||||||
  South | 1.33 (0.68, 2.60) | 1.04 (0.43, 2.52) | 2.97 (1.42, 6.20) | 2.27 (1.03, 5.03) | 1.29 (0.59, 2.79) | 1.13 (0.47, 2.74) | ||||||
  West | 0.94 (0.49, 1.79) | 0.98 (0.43, 2.21) | 1.20 (0.57, 2.54) | 1.11 (0.50, 2.47) | 1.10 (0.53, 2.30) | 0.89 (0.38, 2.08) | ||||||
Race | ||||||||||||
  White only, Non-Hispanic | Ref | 0.113 | Ref | 0.734 | Ref | 0.209 | Ref | 0.232 | Ref | 0.115 | Ref | 0.479 |
  Black only, Non-Hispanic | 1.23 (0.38, 4.04) | 0.58 (0.12, 2.77) | 1.71 (0.56, 5.26) | 1.31 (0.37, 4.63) | 1.36 (0.37, 5.06) | 0.92 (0.20, 4.33) | ||||||
  Others | 1.93 (1.04, 3.57) | 1.13 (0.52, 2.47) | 0.56 (0.25, 1.24) | 0.48 (0.20, 1.16) | 2.03 (1.04, 3.97) | 1.60 (0.74, 3.45) | ||||||
Education Level | ||||||||||||
  High school and below | Ref |  < .001 *** | Ref | 0.002 ** | Ref | 0.003 ** | Ref | 0.242 | Ref | 0.002 ** | Ref | 0.056 |
  Attended college or technical School | 0.45 (0.25, 0.78) | 0.42 (0.20, 0.86) | 0.96 (0.54, 1.71) | 1.04 (0.54, 2.00) | 0.65 (0.35, 1.22) | 0.81 (0.39, 1.65) | ||||||
  College or technical school and above | 0.15 (0.08, 0.27) | 0.25 (0.12, 0.54) | 0.39 (0.21, 0.71) | 0.60 (0.29, 1.22) | 0.31 (0.16, 0.59) | 0.41 (0.19, 0.86) | ||||||
Employment | ||||||||||||
  Employed/self-employed | Ref |  < 0.001 *** | NA | Ref | 0.010 * | NA | Ref | 0.021 * | NA | |||
  Out of work/A homemaker/A student | 1.55 (0.83, 2.90) | 1.13 (0.56, 2.28) | 1.14 (0.57, 2.26) | |||||||||
  Retired | 0.22 (0.09, 0.58) | 1.05 (0.54, 2.03) | 0.16 (0.05, 0.52) | |||||||||
  Unable to work | 3.56 (1.79, 7.07) | 3.22 (1.60, 6.48) | 0.84 (0.36, 1.94) | |||||||||
Marital status | ||||||||||||
  Married/A member of an unmarried couple | Ref | 0.009 ** | Ref | 0.385 | Ref | 0.278 | NA | Ref | 0.029 * | Ref | 0.175 | |
  Divorced/widowed/separated | 2.29 (1.33, 3.94) | 1.57 (0.73, 3.40) | 1.52 (0.88, 2.64) | 0.50 (0.24, 1.04) | 0.45 (0.19, 1.05) | |||||||
  Never married | 1.71 (0.95, 3.08) | 0.86 (0.38, 1.93) | 1.00 (0.53, 1.87) | 1.48 (0.81, 2.71) | 0.79 (0.38, 1.65) | |||||||
Number of Children in household: (Ref. to No children) | ||||||||||||
  One or more | 2.60 (1.62, 4.17) |  < 0.001 *** | 2.30 (1.22, 4.31) | 0.010 * | 0.81 (0.49, 1.36) | 0.434 | NA | 1.63 (0.96, 2.79) | 0.071 | 0.97 (0.52, 1.81) | 0.916 | |
Any healthcare coverage (Ref. to No) | ||||||||||||
  Yes | 0.37 (0.18, 0.75) | 0.006 ** | 0.72 (0.28, 1.88) | 0.506 | 0.85 (0.38, 1.89) | 0.686 | NA | 0.51 (0.23, 1.12) | 0.092 | 0.82 (0.32, 2.09) | 0.681 | |
Annual household income | ||||||||||||
  Less than $15,000 | Ref |  < 0.001 *** | Ref | 0.062 | Ref | 0.002 ** | Ref | 0.032 * | Ref | 0.556 | NA | |
  $15,000 to less than $25,000 | 0.38 (0.17, 0.88) | 0.50 (0.18, 1.41) | 0.80 (0.33, 1.92) | 1.19 (0.45, 3.12) | 0.43 (0.15, 1.29) | |||||||
  $25,000 to less than $35,000 | 0.21 (0.08, 0.55) | 0.35 (0.10, 1.18) | 1.60 (0.65, 3.95) | 2.80 (0.98, 8.01) | 0.62 (0.20, 1.87) | |||||||
  $35,000 to less than $50,000 | 0.15 (0.06, 0.38) | 0.23 (0.07, 0.76) | 0.69 (0.27, 1.73) | 1.39 (0.48, 4.05) | 0.94 (0.35, 2.50) | |||||||
  $50,000 or more | 0.10 (0.05, 0.21) | 0.22 (0.08, 0.65) | 0.38 (0.19, 0.79) | 0.73 (0.29, 1.80) | 0.68 (0.32, 1.47) | |||||||
Clinical factors | ||||||||||||
Days with poor mental health in past 30 days (Ref. to zero day) | ||||||||||||
  At least 1 day | 3.38 (2.00, 5.70) |  < 0.001 *** | 1.64 (0.84, 3.21) | 0.148 | 1.46 (0.89, 2.39) | 0.135 | 1.27 (0.70, 2.29) | 0.437 | 1.96 (1.12, 3.44) | 0.018 * | 1.75 (0.89, 3.44) | 0.106 |
Days with poor physical health in past 30 days (Ref. to zero day) | ||||||||||||
  At least 1 day | 2.56 (1.59, 4.11) |  < 0.001 *** | 1.00 (0.51, 1.94) | 0.999 | 2.78 (1.69, 4.58) |  < 0.001 *** | 2.33 (1.28, 4.22) | 0.006 ** | 1.11 (0.66, 1.88) | 0.694 | NA | |
Obesity (Ref. to No) | ||||||||||||
  Yes | 0.81 (0.51, 1.30) | 0.390 | NA | 1.33 (0.80, 2.22) | 0.266 | NA | 1.31 (0.75, 2.28) | 0.346 | NA | |||
Number of chronic health conditions (Ref. to none or 1) | ||||||||||||
  > 1 | 4.27 (2.58, 7.07) |  < .001 *** | 3.52 (1.76, 7.02) |  < 0.001 *** | 1.84 (1.13, 2.98) | 0.014 * | 1.15 (0.63, 2.12) | 0.645 | 1.55 (0.92, 2.63) | 0.101 | 2.13 (1.11, 4.08) | 0.023 * |
Length of follow-up (years) | ||||||||||||
  0–24 | Ref | 0.005 ** | HC | Ref | 0.947 | NA | Ref |  < .001 *** | NA | |||
  25–49 | 0.71 (0.43, 1.17) | 1.08 (0.62, 1.86) | 0.44 (0.25, 0.78) | |||||||||
  50 +  | 0.22 (0.10, 0.47) | 1.10 (0.59, 2.05) | 0.12 (0.04, 0.34) | |||||||||