Table 5 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of factors associated with overall survival

GLIM-malnutrition

Yes/No

2.185 (1.356–3.519)

0.001^*

1.892 (1.165–3.075)

0.010^*

GLIM-malnutrition + low HGS

Yes/No

1.288 (0.897–1.850)

0.171

GLIM-malnutrition + low gait speed

Yes/No

1.871 (1.289–2.716)

0.001^*

Age, years

≥ 75/<75

1.494 (1.015–2.201)

0.042^*

1.582 (1.065–2.350)

0.023^*

Gender

Males/females

0.990 (0.691–1.417)

0.955

BMI, kg/m2

< 18.5/≥18.5

1.571 (1.001–2.466)

0.049^*

Low albumin

Yes/No

1.520 (1.066–2.166)

0.021^*

Anemia

Yes/No

1.528 (1.085–2.154)

0.015^*

Charlson Comorbidity Index

0.472

1/0

0.746 (0.465–1.197)

0.225

≥ 2/0

0.996 (0.568–1.747)

0.990

Previous abdominal surgery

Yes/No

0.510 (0.268–0.972)

0.041^*

Tumor location

0.104

Medium/ Proximal

1.067 (0.581–1.958)

0.834

Distal/ Proximal

1.028 (0.608–1.739)

0.917

2/3 or more / Proximal

2.330 (1.067–5.092)

0.034^*

Differentiation of tumor

Poorly /Well

2.048 (1.534–3.779)

< 0.001^*

1.692 (1.063–2.693)

0.027^*

TNM stage

< 0.001^*

< 0.001^*

II/I

1.716 (0.816–3.606)

0.154

1.222 (0.574–2.603)

0.603

III/I

5.719 (3.067–10.663)

< 0.001^*

4.180 (2.192–7.971)

< 0.001^*

Laparoscopy-assisted surgery

Yes/No

0.550 (0.362–0.837)

0.005^*

Type of resection

Total/Subtotal

1.954 (1.381–2.764)

< 0.001^*

1.483 (1.035–2.125)

0.032^*

Combined organ resection

Yes/No

2.700 (1.675–4.352)

< 0.001^*

1.892 (1.165–3.075)

0.010^*