Table 2 Details of short-term postoperative outcomes

Total complications^†

102 (28.7%)

81 (31.6%)

34 (40.0%)^*

47 (40.9%)^*

Hydrothorax

9 (2.5%)

6 (2.2%)

4 (4.7%)

4 (3.5%)

Incision infection

11 (3.1%)

9 (3.3%)

2 (2.4%)

4 (3.5%)

Abdominal hemorrhage

9 (2.5%)

8 (3.0%)

5 (5.9%)

4 (3.5%)

Abdominal infection

19 (5.3%)

12 (4.5%)

3 (3.5%)

4 (3.5%)

Peritoneal fluid accumulation

12 (3.4%)

9 (3.3%)

2 (2.4%)

6 (5.2%)

Pneumonia

18 (5.1%)

15 (5.6%)

9 (10.6%)^*

14 (12.2%)^*

Deep vein thrombosis

3 (0.8%)

2 (0.7%)

1 (1.2%)

1 (0.9%)

Pulmonary embolism

3 (0.8%)

2 (0.7%)

1 (1.2%)

2 (1.7%)

Intestinal obstruction

6 (1.7%)

3 (1.1%)

2 (2.4%)

2 (1.7%)

Decreased gastrointestinal motility

11 (3.1%)

10 (3.7%)

3 (3.5%)

5 (4.3%)

Anastomotic fistula

5 (1.4%)

3 (1.1%)

2 (2.4%)

0 (0%)

Stump fistula

5 (1.4%)

5 (1.9%)

2 (2.4%)

4 (3.5%)

Pancreatic or biliary fistula

5 (1.4%)

5 (1.9%)

1 (1.2%)

2 (1.7%)

Septic shock

2 (0.6%)

1 (0.4%)

1 (1.2%)

1 (0.9%)

Other

8 (2.2%)

8 (3.0%)

5 (5.9%)^*

5 (4.3%)

Severe complications^‡

23 (6.5%)

19 (7.0%)

10 (11.8%)^*

11 (9.6%)

Length of postoperative stays, median (IQR), days

13 (7)

13 (7)

14 (9.5)^*

14 (9)^*

Costs, median (IQR), RMB

63025.56 (25038.59)

63617.50 (25981.47)

72189.68 (20140.80)^*

69732.21 (28041.21)^*