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Table 1 Patient and tumor characteristics at baseline, total and by study site

From: Retrospective validation study of an artificial neural network-based preoperative decision-support tool for noninvasive lymph node staging (NILS) in women with primary breast cancer (ISRCTN14341750)

 

Total

Site 1

Site 2

 

Count

%

Count

%

Count

%

p-value*

Number of patients (NB! Row percent)

 

586

 

395

67.4%

191

32.6%

 

Age at diagnosis, years

Mean (range)

65 (29—91)

64 (30—91)

65 (29—90)

0.451

BMI

Mean (range)

26.8 (16.7—48.9)

27.2 (16.7—48.9)

26.2 (18.8—42.9)

0.020

Missing

50

 

49

 

1

  

Postmenopausal

No

85

15.4%

55

14.9%

30

16.5%

0.620

Yes

467

84.6%

315

85.1%

152

83.5%

Missing

34

 

25

 

9

  

Screening detected

No

240

41.0%

155

39.2%

85

44.5%

0.225

Yes

346

59.0%

240

60.8%

106

55.5%

Bilateral cancer

No

553

94.4%

379

95.9%

174

91.1%

0.017

Yes

33

5.6%

16

4.1%

17

8.9%

Multifocal cancer (mammography)

No

531

91.1%

359

91.1%

172

91.0%

0.965

Yes

52

8.9%

35

8.9%

17

9.0%

Missinga

3

 

1

 

2

  

Largest tumor (long axis, mm, mammography)

Mean (range)

19 (3–110)

17 (3–110)

22 (5–90)

 < 0.001

Missinga

55

 

30

 

25

  

Centrally positioned tumor (mammography, sub areolar or within 2 cm of the mammilla)

No

383

87.4%

251

88.1%

132

86.3%

0.589

Yes

55

12.6%

34

11.9%

21

13.7%

Missinga

148

 

110

 

38

  

ER status CNB

Negative (< 1%)

24

7.3%

20

9.4%

4

3.4%

0.048

Positive (≥ 1%)

305

92.7%

193

90.6%

112

96.6%

Missing

257

 

182

 

75

  

PR status CNB

Negative (< 1%)

57

18.0%

40

19.3%

17

15.6%

0.413

Positive (≥ 1%)

259

82.0%

167

80.7%

92

84.4%

Missing

270

 

188

 

82

  

HER2 status CNB

Negative

296

95.2%

194

94.6%

102

96.2%

0.534

Positive

15

4.8%

11

5.4%

4

3.8%

Missing

275

 

190

 

85

  

Proliferation index Ki67 (%) CNB

Mean (range)

26.6 (1.0—95.0)

28.4 (3.0—95.0)

23.1 (1.0—83.0)

0.016

Missing

274

 

189

 

85

  

Complete cases ER/PR/Ki67 CNB

No

274

46.8%

189

47.8%

85

44.5%

0.453

Yes

312

53.2%

206

52.2%

106

55.5%

Vascular invasion CNB (only reported when present)

Yes

4

 

4

 

0

 

-

Missing

582

 

391

 

191

 

Histopathological type CNB

NST (No specific type, ductal)

445

75.9%

301

76.2%

144

75.4%

0.705

Lobular

105

17.9%

72

18.2%

33

17.3%

Other

36

6.2%

22

5.6%

14

7.3%

  1. *For categorical variables, Chi-square test was used and for continuous variables, t-test was used
  2. aWhen missing data on mammography, features from ultrasound was entered into the NILS web interface
  3. Abbreviations BMI Body mass index, CNB Core needle biopsy, ER Estrogen receptor, PR Progesterone receptor, HER2 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2