Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the Golestan Cohort Study participants, overall and by DMFT group

N

49,947

22,257 (44.6)

10,082 (20.2)

10,906 (21.8)

6702 (13.4)

Age, years, mean (SD)

51.6 (8.92)

50.1 (8.31)

57.5 (10.7)

52.9 (6.75)

45.3 (3.87)

Sex, n (%)

Female

28,792 (57.6)

12,384 (55.6)

6599 (65.5)

6772 (62.1)

3037 (45.3)

Male

21,155 (42.4)

9873 (44.4)

3483 (34.5)

4134 (37.9)

3665 (54.7)

SES, quartile, n (%)

Q1 (low SES)

13,909 (27.8)

5655 (25.4)

3116 (30.9)

3186 (29.2)

1952 (29.1)

Q2

11,125 (22.3)

4611 (20.7)

2304 (22.9)

2535 (23.2)

1675 (25.0)

Q3

12,567 (25.2)

5465 (24.6)

2514 (24.9)

2871 (26.3)

1717 (25.6)

Q4 (high SES)

12,346 (24.7)

6526 (29.3)

2148 (21.3)

2314 (21.2)

1358 (20.3)

Ethnicity, n (%)

Turkmen

37,176 (74.4)

16,040 (72.1)

7525 (74.6)

8409 (77.1)

5202 (77.6)

Non-Turkmen

12,771 (25.6)

6217 (27.9)

2557 (25.4)

2497 (22.9)

1500 (22.4)

Residence, n (%)

Urban

10,006 (20.0)

5496 (24.7)

2057 (20.4)

1744 (16.0)

709 (10.6)

Rural

39,941 (80.0)

16,761 (75.3)

8025 (79.6)

9162 (84.0)

5993 (89.4)

Education, n (%)

None

35,059 (70.2)

14,122 (63.4)

8135 (80.7)

8665 (79.5)

4137 (61.7)

Any

14,888 (29.8)

8135 (36.6)

1947 (19.3)

2241 (20.5)

2565 (38.3)

Cigarette use status, n (%)

Never

41,366 (82.8)

18,968 (85.2)

8564 (84.9)

8971 (82.3)

4863 (72.6)

Former

3193 (6.39)

1271 (5.71)

651 (6.46)

749 (6.87)

522 (7.79)

Current

5388 (10.8)

2018 (9.07)

867 (8.60)

1186 (10.9)

1317 (19.7)

Cigarette smoking pack-years (former/current smokers only), mean (SD)

16.9 (18.6)

13.8 (16.0)

19.0 (22.5)

21.0 (21.4)

16.5 (14.7)

Opium use, n (%)

Never

41,501 (83.1)

19,267 (86.6)

8333 (82.7)

8838 (81.0)

5063 (75.5)

Ever

8446 (16.9)

2990 (13.4)

1749 (17.3)

2068 (19.0)

1639 (24.5)

Opium use years (ever users only), mean (SD)

12.2 (10.7)

10.9 (9.85)

13.7 (12.5)

13.5 (11.4)

11.3 (8.71)

Cigarette or opium use, n (%)

Never used either

37,358 (74.8)

17,439 (78.4)

7627 (75.6)

7992 (73.3)

4300 (64.2)

Ever used either

12,589 (25.2)

4818 (21.6)

2455 (24.4)

2914 (26.7)

2402 (35.8)

Nass use, n (%)

Never

46,077 (92.3)

20,757 (93.3)

9277 (92.0)

10,000 (91.7)

6043 (90.2)

Ever

3870 (7.75)

1500 (6.74)

805 (7.98)

906 (8.31)

659 (9.83)

DMFT score, mean (SD)

23.4 (8.73)

15.3 (6.20)

28.2 (3.95)

30.7 (2.29)

31.6 (1.08)

Number of teeth missing, mean (SD)

18.3 (9.55)

11.4 (6.11)

23.3 (7.67)

24.8 (7.86)

22.9 (9.02)

Tooth loss group, n (%)

Expected or fewer

26,303 (52.7)

19,466 (87.5)

2783 (27.6)

2463 (22.6)

1591 (23.7)

T1

8478 (17.0)

2705 (12.2)

3232 (32.1)

1667 (15.3)

874 (13.0)

T2

7337 (14.7)

86 (0.39)

3978 (39.5)

2509 (23.0)

764 (11.4)

T3

7829 (15.7)

0 (0)

89 (0.88)

4267 (39.1)

3473 (51.8)

Toothbrushing frequency, n (%)

Never

27,815 (55.7)

10,062 (45.2)

6742 (66.9)

7024 (64.4)

3987 (59.5)

Non-daily

8341 (16.7)

4756 (21.4)

1296 (12.9)

1320 (12.1)

969 (14.5)

Daily

13,791 (27.6)

7439 (33.4)

2044 (20.3)

2562 (23.5)

1746 (26.1)