Fig. 2

Pulsatilla saponin D (PSD) exhibits inhibitory effects on RAC3 expression in paclitaxel-resistant cells. (A-B): The elevated expression of RAC3 in A549-PR and NCI-H1299-PR cells was confirmed through:(A) qRT-PCR analysis and (B) Immunofluorescence staining. (C-D): Immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that RAC3 expression in A549-PR and NCI-H1299-PR cells increased in a dose-dependent manner upon exposure to paclitaxel. This experiment was conducted in triplicate. (E-F): qRT-PCR analysis revealed that PSD effectively suppressed RAC3 mRNA expression in A549-PR and NCI-H1299-PR cells, in a dose-dependent (E) and time-dependent (F) manner. (G-H): Immunofluorescence staining also revealed that PSD effectively suppressed RAC3 expression in A549-PR and NCI-H1299-PR cells, in a dose-dependent (G) and time-dependent (H) manner. The scale bar for immunofluorescence staining was 50 μm. The experiments were repeated three times, and the data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical significance (*P < 0.05) was determined using Student’s t-test