Fig. 3

CCL2 stimulated the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of PCa cells. A After direct stimulation of PC-3 cells with different concentrations of PA, the proliferation level of cells was detected using CCK8. B Stimulate PC-3 and 22RV1 cells with CM-BMA-PA or CCL2 recombinant protein, and then detect the expression level of CCR2 in PC-3 and 22RV1 cells. After CCL2 recombinant protein (100 ng/mL) was used for treating PC-3 cells. The proliferation (C), invasion (D), and migration (E) abilities of PC-3 cells were determined. Moreover, qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of the proliferation-related factor Ki67 (F) and the metastasis-related factor MMP2 (G). The results of western blotting revealed the protein expression levels for Ki67 and MMP2 (H). After CCL2 recombinant protein (100 ng/mL) was used for treating 22RV1 cells. The proliferation (I), invasion (J), and migration (K) abilities of 22RV1 cells were determined. Moreover, qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of the proliferation-related factor Ki67 (L) and the metastasis-related factor MMP2 (M). The results of western blotting revealed the protein expression levels for Ki67 and MMP2 (N). In the t-test, the differences with *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 were statistically significant