Table 1 Comparison of characteristics and outcomes of patients in three groups

Total number of patients

57

63

17

Age

84 (82–85)

66 (62–71)^*

82 (81–82)

105.300

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

23 (21–25)

25 (23–25)^*

23 (20–24)

13.368

0.001

Previous abdominal operations

7.0% (4/57)

9.5% (6/63)

11.8% (2/17)

0.451

0.798

Hb (g/L)

110 (103–117)

112 (106–121)

107 (102–110)

8.548

0.014

Comorbid conditions

 Hypertension

71.9% (41/57)

60.3% (38/63)

88.2% (15/17)

5.344

0.069

 Coronary heart disease

57.9% (33/57)

49.2% (31/63)

52.9% (9/17)

0.908

0.635

 COPD

7.0% (4/57)

7.9% (5/63)

64.7% (11/17)^*

39.106

< 0.001

 Diabetes

19.3% (11/57)

25.4% (16/63)

35.3% (6/17)

1.942

0.379

ASA score

4.803

0.091

 2

59.6% (34/57)

52.4% (33/63)

29.4% (5/17)

 3

40.4% (23/57)

47.6% (30/63)

70.6% (12/17)

Clinical stage

22.476

< 0.001

 T2NxM0

75.4% (43/57)

74.6% (47/63)

17.6% (3/17)^*

 T3NxM0

24.6% (14/57)

25.4% (16/63)

82.4% (14/17)^*

TURBT pathology

0.317

0.853

 G2

22.8% (13/57)

23.8% (15/63)

29.4% (5/17)

 G3

77.2% (44/57)

76.2% (48/63)

70.6% (12/17)

Operation time (min)

210 (195–215)

210 (200–220)

110 (100–120)^*

45.594

< 0.001

Estimated blood loss (ml)

210 (195–230)

210 (210–230)

220 (210–600)^*

7.370

0.025

Transfusion needed (n)

0

0

29.4% (5/17)^*

18.937

< 0.001

Resected lymph node (n)

23 (21–26)

23 (20–26)

13 (12–15)^*

43.669

< 0.001

Cystectomy pathology

25.988

< 0.001

 G3 pT2aN0

24.6% (14/57)

19.0% (12/63)

0^*

 G3 pT2bN0

57.9% (33/57)

60.3% (38/63)

17.6% (3/17)^*

 G3 pT3aN0

17.5% (10/57)

20.6% (13/63)

82.4% (14/17)^*

Duration of pelvic drainage (day)

12 (10–14)

5 (5–5)^*

16 (15–18)^*

115.106

< 0.001

Hospital stay after surgery (day)

8 (8–9)

7 (7–7)^*

14 (14–16)^*

112.453

< 0.001

Adjuvant chemothera

0

15.9% (10/63)^*

0

11.982

0.001

Follow-up duration (month)

64 (54–73)

66 (56–73)

45 (35–51)^*

24.402

< 0.001

BC relapse

0

3.2% (2/63)

47.1% (8/17)^*

27.778

< 0.001

Death

 BC

0

3.2% (2/63)

41.2% (7/17)^*

23.320

< 0.001

 Other

5.2% (3/57)

3.2% (2/63)

29.4% (5/17)^*

10.860

0.003